"煉獄" meaning in All languages combined

See 煉獄 on Wiktionary

Noun [Chinese]

IPA: /li̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /liːn²² jʊk̚²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /li̯en⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /li̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/, /liːn²² jʊk̚²/, /li̯en⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/, /liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/, /liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/, /liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/, /liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/ Chinese transliterations: liànyù [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄌㄧㄢˋ ㄩˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], lin⁶ juk⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], lien-ngiu̍k [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], liān-ge̍k, liān-ga̍k, liànyù [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], liànyù [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], lien⁴-yü⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], lyàn-yù [Mandarin, Yale], liannyuh [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], ляньюй [Mandarin, Palladius], ljanʹjuj [Mandarin, Palladius], lihn yuhk [Cantonese, Yale], lin⁶ juk⁹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], lin⁶ yug⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], lien-ngiu̍k [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], lien ngiug [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], lian⁴ ngiug⁶ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], liān-ge̍k [Hokkien, POJ], liān-gi̍k [Hokkien, Tai-lo], liexn'gek [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], liān-ga̍k [Hokkien, POJ], liān-ga̍k [Hokkien, Tai-lo], liexn'gak [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 煉獄
  1. (theology, Roman Catholicism) purgatory Categories (topical): Roman Catholicism, Theology, Afterlife
    Sense id: en-煉獄-zh-noun-2Q1FyepN Disambiguation of Afterlife: 94 6 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with raw sortkeys Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 84 16 Disambiguation of Pages with raw sortkeys: 86 14 Topics: Catholicism, Christianity, Roman-Catholicism, lifestyle, religion, theology
  2. (figurative) abyss of misery Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-煉獄-zh-noun-fShnOnCB

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ] Forms: 煉獄 [canonical] (ruby: (れん), (ごく)), rengoku [romanization]
Etymology: 煉 (ren, “to refine”) + 獄 (goku, “prison”) Etymology templates: {{compound|ja|煉|獄|sort=れんごく|t1=to refine|t2=prison|tr1=ren|tr2=goku}} 煉 (ren, “to refine”) + 獄 (goku, “prison”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|れんごく}} 煉(れん)獄(ごく) • (rengoku)
  1. (theology) purgatory Wikipedia link: ja:煉獄 Categories (topical): Afterlife, Theology

Noun [Korean]

Forms: yeonok [romanization], yŏnok [McCune-Reischauer, romanization], yēn.ok [Yale, romanization], 연옥 [hangeul]
Head templates: {{ko-noun|hangeul=연옥|mr=yŏnok|y=yēn.ok}} 煉獄 • (yeonok or McCune-Reischauer: yŏnok or Yale: yēn.ok) (hangeul 연옥)
  1. Hanja form of 연옥 (“purgatory”). Tags: alt-of, hanja Alternative form of: 연옥 (extra: purgatory)

Noun [Vietnamese]

Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=}} 煉獄, {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} 煉獄
  1. chữ Hán form of luyện ngục (“purgatory”).

Download JSON data for 煉獄 meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "煉獄",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Roman Catholicism",
          "orig": "zh:Roman Catholicism",
          "parents": [
            "Catholicism",
            "Christianity",
            "Abrahamism",
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Theology",
          "orig": "zh:Theology",
          "parents": [
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "All topics",
            "Culture",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "94 6",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Afterlife",
          "orig": "zh:Afterlife",
          "parents": [
            "Death",
            "Mythology",
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Nature",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "purgatory"
      ],
      "id": "en-煉獄-zh-noun-2Q1FyepN",
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "Roman Catholicism",
          "Roman Catholicism"
        ],
        [
          "purgatory",
          "purgatory"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(theology, Roman Catholicism) purgatory"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Catholicism",
        "Christianity",
        "Roman-Catholicism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion",
        "theology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "abyss of misery"
      ],
      "id": "en-煉獄-zh-noun-fShnOnCB",
      "links": [
        [
          "abyss",
          "abyss"
        ],
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) abyss of misery"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liànyù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄢˋ ㄩˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lin⁶ juk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lien-ngiu̍k"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "liān-ge̍k"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "liān-ga̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liànyù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liànyù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lien⁴-yü⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lyàn-yù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liannyuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ляньюй"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ljanʹjuj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lihn yuhk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lin⁶ juk⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lin⁶ yug⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liːn²² jʊk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lien-ngiu̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lien ngiug"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lian⁴ ngiug⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯en⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liān-ge̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liān-gi̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liexn'gek"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liān-ga̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liān-ga̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liexn'gak"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liːn²² jʊk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯en⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "煉獄"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "煉",
        "3": "獄",
        "sort": "れんごく",
        "t1": "to refine",
        "t2": "prison",
        "tr1": "ren",
        "tr2": "goku"
      },
      "expansion": "煉 (ren, “to refine”) + 獄 (goku, “prison”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "煉 (ren, “to refine”) + 獄 (goku, “prison”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "煉獄",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "煉",
          "れん"
        ],
        [
          "獄",
          "ごく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rengoku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "れんごく"
      },
      "expansion": "煉(れん)獄(ごく) • (rengoku)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Afterlife",
          "orig": "ja:Afterlife",
          "parents": [
            "Death",
            "Mythology",
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Nature",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Theology",
          "orig": "ja:Theology",
          "parents": [
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "All topics",
            "Culture",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Just like purgatory.",
          "ref": "2003, Enrico Maxwell- page 76 in Chapter 42 (\"Aubird Force\") of Hellsing volume 6",
          "roman": "Maru de rengoku.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "煉獄",
              "れんごく"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "まるで煉獄。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "purgatory"
      ],
      "id": "en-煉獄-ja-noun-2Q1FyepN",
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "purgatory",
          "purgatory"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(theology) purgatory"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion",
        "theology"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "ja:煉獄"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "れんごく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "煉獄"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "yeonok",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yŏnok",
      "tags": [
        "McCune-Reischauer",
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yēn.ok",
      "tags": [
        "Yale",
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "연옥",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hangeul": "연옥",
        "mr": "yŏnok",
        "y": "yēn.ok"
      },
      "expansion": "煉獄 • (yeonok or McCune-Reischauer: yŏnok or Yale: yēn.ok) (hangeul 연옥)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "purgatory",
          "word": "연옥"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 연옥 (“purgatory”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-煉獄-ko-noun-eyFoWgZJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "연옥",
          "연옥#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "purgatory",
          "purgatory"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "煉獄"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "煉獄",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "煉獄",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of luyện ngục (“purgatory”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-煉獄-vi-noun-T-TvqHVf",
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "luyện ngục",
          "luyện ngục#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "purgatory",
          "purgatory"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "煉獄"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "zh:Afterlife"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "煉獄",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Roman Catholicism",
        "zh:Theology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "purgatory"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "Roman Catholicism",
          "Roman Catholicism"
        ],
        [
          "purgatory",
          "purgatory"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(theology, Roman Catholicism) purgatory"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Catholicism",
        "Christianity",
        "Roman-Catholicism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion",
        "theology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "abyss of misery"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "abyss",
          "abyss"
        ],
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) abyss of misery"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liànyù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄢˋ ㄩˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lin⁶ juk⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lien-ngiu̍k"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "liān-ge̍k"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "liān-ga̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liànyù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liànyù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lien⁴-yü⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lyàn-yù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liannyuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ляньюй"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ljanʹjuj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lihn yuhk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lin⁶ juk⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lin⁶ yug⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liːn²² jʊk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lien-ngiu̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lien ngiug"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lian⁴ ngiug⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯en⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liān-ge̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liān-gi̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liexn'gek"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liān-ga̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liān-ga̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liexn'gak"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liːn²² jʊk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯en⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liɛn³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "煉獄"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "煉",
        "3": "獄",
        "sort": "れんごく",
        "t1": "to refine",
        "t2": "prison",
        "tr1": "ren",
        "tr2": "goku"
      },
      "expansion": "煉 (ren, “to refine”) + 獄 (goku, “prison”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "煉 (ren, “to refine”) + 獄 (goku, “prison”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "煉獄",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "煉",
          "れん"
        ],
        [
          "獄",
          "ごく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rengoku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "れんごく"
      },
      "expansion": "煉(れん)獄(ごく) • (rengoku)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese compound terms",
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese nouns",
        "Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
        "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples",
        "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
        "Pages with raw sortkeys",
        "ja:Afterlife",
        "ja:Theology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Just like purgatory.",
          "ref": "2003, Enrico Maxwell- page 76 in Chapter 42 (\"Aubird Force\") of Hellsing volume 6",
          "roman": "Maru de rengoku.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "煉獄",
              "れんごく"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "まるで煉獄。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "purgatory"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "purgatory",
          "purgatory"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(theology) purgatory"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion",
        "theology"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "ja:煉獄"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "れんごく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "煉獄"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "yeonok",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yŏnok",
      "tags": [
        "McCune-Reischauer",
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yēn.ok",
      "tags": [
        "Yale",
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "연옥",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hangeul": "연옥",
        "mr": "yŏnok",
        "y": "yēn.ok"
      },
      "expansion": "煉獄 • (yeonok or McCune-Reischauer: yŏnok or Yale: yēn.ok) (hangeul 연옥)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "purgatory",
          "word": "연옥"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean nouns",
        "Korean nouns in Han script",
        "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Pages with raw sortkeys"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 연옥 (“purgatory”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "연옥",
          "연옥#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "purgatory",
          "purgatory"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "煉獄"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "煉獄",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "煉獄",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with raw sortkeys",
        "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese nouns",
        "Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
        "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of luyện ngục (“purgatory”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "luyện ngục",
          "luyện ngục#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "purgatory",
          "purgatory"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "煉獄"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "煉獄"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "煉獄",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "煉獄"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "煉獄",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "煉獄"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "煉獄",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "煉獄"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "煉獄",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "煉獄"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "煉獄",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.