See 污染 on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "jìnghuà",
"word": "淨化"
},
{
"roman": "jìnghuà",
"word": "净化"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "汙染",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "污染",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Ecology",
"orig": "zh:Ecology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "80 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "二次污染"
},
{
"roman": "guāngwūrǎn",
"word": "光污染"
},
{
"roman": "zàoyīn wūrǎn",
"word": "噪音污染"
},
{
"roman": "tǔrǎng wūrǎn",
"word": "土壤污染"
},
{
"word": "大氣污染"
},
{
"word": "大气污染"
},
{
"word": "放射污染"
},
{
"word": "核污染"
},
{
"roman": "shuǐwūrǎn",
"word": "水污染"
},
{
"roman": "wūrǎnyuán",
"word": "污染源"
},
{
"roman": "wūrǎnwù",
"word": "污染物"
},
{
"word": "油污染"
},
{
"word": "海水污染"
},
{
"word": "熱污染"
},
{
"word": "热污染"
},
{
"roman": "huánjìng wūrǎn",
"word": "環境污染"
},
{
"roman": "huánjìng wūrǎn",
"word": "环境污染"
},
{
"roman": "báisè wūrǎn",
"word": "白色污染"
},
{
"roman": "kōngqì wūrǎn",
"word": "空氣污染"
},
{
"roman": "kōngqì wūrǎn",
"word": "空气污染"
},
{
"roman": "jīngshén wūrǎn",
"word": "精神污染"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"english": "polluted air",
"roman": "bèi wūrǎn de kōngqì",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "被污染的空氣",
"translation": "polluted air",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"english": "polluted air",
"roman": "bèi wūrǎn de kōngqì",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "被污染的空气",
"translation": "polluted air",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
20
]
],
"english": "to prevent pollution",
"roman": "fángzhǐ wūrǎn",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "防止污染",
"translation": "to prevent pollution",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"english": "to prevent and control pollution",
"roman": "fángzhì wūrǎn",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "防治污染",
"translation": "to prevent and control pollution",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"english": "groundwater pollution remediation",
"roman": "dìxiàshuǐ wūrǎn xiūfù",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "地下水污染修復",
"translation": "groundwater pollution remediation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"english": "groundwater pollution remediation",
"roman": "dìxiàshuǐ wūrǎn xiūfù",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "地下水污染修复",
"translation": "groundwater pollution remediation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
35,
43
]
],
"english": "Lanzhou is one of the world's most polluted cities.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "Lánzhōu shì quánqiú wūrǎn zuì yánzhòng chéngshì zhīyī.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "蘭州是全球污染最嚴重城市之一。",
"translation": "Lanzhou is one of the world's most polluted cities.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
35,
43
]
],
"english": "Lanzhou is one of the world's most polluted cities.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "Lánzhōu shì quánqiú wūrǎn zuì yánzhòng chéngshì zhīyī.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "兰州是全球污染最严重城市之一。",
"translation": "Lanzhou is one of the world's most polluted cities.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pollute; to contaminate"
],
"id": "en-污染-zh-verb-xM7ruKwM",
"links": [
[
"pollute",
"pollute"
],
[
"contaminate",
"contaminate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally, figuratively) to pollute; to contaminate"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wūrǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨ ㄖㄢˇ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-wuran.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/Zh-wuran.ogg/Zh-wuran.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-wuran.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "wu¹ jim⁵"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "vû-ngiam"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "vu^ˋ ngiam^˖"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "u⁴ zieng³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-giám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "u¹ riam²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wūrǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨ ㄖㄢˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wurǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wu¹-jan³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wū-rǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "uraan"
},
{
"roman": "užanʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "ужань"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵⁵ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "wu¹ jim⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wū yíhm"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wu¹ jim⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "wu¹ yim⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/wuː⁵⁵ jiːm¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "vû-ngiam"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "vu^ˊ ngiam"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "vu¹ ngiam⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/vu²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯am⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "vu^ˋ ngiam^˖"
},
{
"ipa": "/vu⁵³ ŋiam³³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "u⁴ zieng³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "u¹ zieng³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "u̍-ciâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡siɛŋ⁴⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "u⁴ zieng³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "u¹ zieng³"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡siɛŋ³³²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "uoliarm"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liam⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "u-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "uliarm"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴⁴⁻³³ liam⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴⁴⁻²² liam⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "u-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "ujiarm"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴⁴⁻³³ ziam⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziam⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "uojiarm"
},
{
"ipa": "/u²¹⁻⁴¹ ziam⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Longyan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-giám"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Longyan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "u-giám"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Longyan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "u'giarm"
},
{
"ipa": "/u³³⁴ ɡiam²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Longyan",
"Longyan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "u¹ riam²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u jiám"
},
{
"ipa": "/u³³⁻²³ d͡ziam⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "污染"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "污染",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "污染",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of ô nhiễm (“pollution”)"
],
"id": "en-污染-vi-noun-P9x3QN5A",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"ô nhiễm",
"ô nhiễm#Vietnamese:_污染"
],
[
"pollution",
"pollution"
]
]
}
],
"word": "污染"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "污染",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "污染",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of ô nhiễm (“pollutant”)"
],
"id": "en-污染-vi-adj-0hjs5BGH",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"ô nhiễm",
"ô nhiễm#Vietnamese:_污染"
],
[
"pollutant",
"pollutant"
]
]
}
],
"word": "污染"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "jìnghuà",
"word": "淨化"
},
{
"roman": "jìnghuà",
"word": "净化"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "二次污染"
},
{
"roman": "guāngwūrǎn",
"word": "光污染"
},
{
"roman": "zàoyīn wūrǎn",
"word": "噪音污染"
},
{
"roman": "tǔrǎng wūrǎn",
"word": "土壤污染"
},
{
"word": "大氣污染"
},
{
"word": "大气污染"
},
{
"word": "放射污染"
},
{
"word": "核污染"
},
{
"roman": "shuǐwūrǎn",
"word": "水污染"
},
{
"roman": "wūrǎnyuán",
"word": "污染源"
},
{
"roman": "wūrǎnwù",
"word": "污染物"
},
{
"word": "油污染"
},
{
"word": "海水污染"
},
{
"word": "熱污染"
},
{
"word": "热污染"
},
{
"roman": "huánjìng wūrǎn",
"word": "環境污染"
},
{
"roman": "huánjìng wūrǎn",
"word": "环境污染"
},
{
"roman": "báisè wūrǎn",
"word": "白色污染"
},
{
"roman": "kōngqì wūrǎn",
"word": "空氣污染"
},
{
"roman": "kōngqì wūrǎn",
"word": "空气污染"
},
{
"roman": "jīngshén wūrǎn",
"word": "精神污染"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "汙染",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "汚染",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "污染",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 染",
"Chinese terms spelled with 污",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Puxian Min lemmas",
"Puxian Min verbs",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew verbs",
"zh:Ecology"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"english": "polluted air",
"roman": "bèi wūrǎn de kōngqì",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "被污染的空氣",
"translation": "polluted air",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"english": "polluted air",
"roman": "bèi wūrǎn de kōngqì",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "被污染的空气",
"translation": "polluted air",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
20
]
],
"english": "to prevent pollution",
"roman": "fángzhǐ wūrǎn",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "防止污染",
"translation": "to prevent pollution",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"english": "to prevent and control pollution",
"roman": "fángzhì wūrǎn",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "防治污染",
"translation": "to prevent and control pollution",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"english": "groundwater pollution remediation",
"roman": "dìxiàshuǐ wūrǎn xiūfù",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "地下水污染修復",
"translation": "groundwater pollution remediation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"english": "groundwater pollution remediation",
"roman": "dìxiàshuǐ wūrǎn xiūfù",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "地下水污染修复",
"translation": "groundwater pollution remediation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
35,
43
]
],
"english": "Lanzhou is one of the world's most polluted cities.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "Lánzhōu shì quánqiú wūrǎn zuì yánzhòng chéngshì zhīyī.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "蘭州是全球污染最嚴重城市之一。",
"translation": "Lanzhou is one of the world's most polluted cities.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
35,
43
]
],
"english": "Lanzhou is one of the world's most polluted cities.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC"
],
"roman": "Lánzhōu shì quánqiú wūrǎn zuì yánzhòng chéngshì zhīyī.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "兰州是全球污染最严重城市之一。",
"translation": "Lanzhou is one of the world's most polluted cities.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to pollute; to contaminate"
],
"links": [
[
"pollute",
"pollute"
],
[
"contaminate",
"contaminate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally, figuratively) to pollute; to contaminate"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wūrǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨ ㄖㄢˇ"
},
{
"audio": "Zh-wuran.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/Zh-wuran.ogg/Zh-wuran.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-wuran.ogg",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "wu¹ jim⁵"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-污染.wav"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "vû-ngiam"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "vu^ˋ ngiam^˖"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "u⁴ zieng³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-giám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "u¹ riam²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wūrǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨ ㄖㄢˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wurǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wu¹-jan³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wū-rǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "uraan"
},
{
"roman": "užanʹ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "ужань"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁵⁵ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "wu¹ jim⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wū yíhm"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wu¹ jim⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "wu¹ yim⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/wuː⁵⁵ jiːm¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "vû-ngiam"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "vu^ˊ ngiam"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "vu¹ ngiam⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/vu²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯am⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "vu^ˋ ngiam^˖"
},
{
"ipa": "/vu⁵³ ŋiam³³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "u⁴ zieng³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "u¹ zieng³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "u̍-ciâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡siɛŋ⁴⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "u⁴ zieng³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "u¹ zieng³"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡siɛŋ³³²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "uoliarm"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liam⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "u-liám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "uliarm"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴⁴⁻³³ liam⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴⁴⁻²² liam⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "u-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "ujiarm"
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴⁴⁻³³ ziam⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/u⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziam⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "ù-jiám"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "uojiarm"
},
{
"ipa": "/u²¹⁻⁴¹ ziam⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Longyan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u-giám"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Longyan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "u-giám"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Longyan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "u'giarm"
},
{
"ipa": "/u³³⁴ ɡiam²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Longyan",
"Longyan"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "u¹ riam²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "u jiám"
},
{
"ipa": "/u³³⁻²³ d͡ziam⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "污染"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "污染",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "污染",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of ô nhiễm (“pollution”)"
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"ô nhiễm",
"ô nhiễm#Vietnamese:_污染"
],
[
"pollution",
"pollution"
]
]
}
],
"word": "污染"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "污染",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "污染",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of ô nhiễm (“pollutant”)"
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"ô nhiễm",
"ô nhiễm#Vietnamese:_污染"
],
[
"pollutant",
"pollutant"
]
]
}
],
"word": "污染"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 污染 meaning in All languages combined (12.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.