"方法論" meaning in All languages combined

See 方法論 on Wiktionary

Noun [Chinese]

IPA: /fɑŋ⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ faːt̚³ lɵn²²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²²/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun²²/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /hɔŋ³³ huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /fɑŋ⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/, /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ faːt̚³ lɵn²²/, /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²²/, /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun²²/, /hɔŋ³³ huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/ Chinese transliterations: fāngfǎlùn [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄈㄤ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], fong¹ faat³ leon⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], hong-hoat-lūn, fāngfǎlùn [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], fangfǎlùn [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], fang¹-fa³-lun⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], fāng-fǎ-lwùn [Mandarin, Yale], fangfaaluenn [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], фанфалунь [Mandarin, Palladius], fanfalunʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], fōng faat leuhn [Cantonese, Yale], fong¹ faat⁸ loen⁶ [Cantonese, Pinyin], fong¹ fad³ lên⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], hong-hoat-lūn [Hokkien, POJ], hong-huat-lūn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], honghoatlun [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 方法論
  1. methodology Derived forms: 科學方法論 (kēxué fāngfǎlùn), 科学方法论 (kēxué fāngfǎlùn) Related terms: 認識論 (rènshilùn), 认识论 (rènshilùn), 知識論 (zhīshilùn), 知识论 (zhīshilùn)
    Sense id: en-方法論-zh-noun--eU-9pXy Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ho̞ːho̞ːɾõ̞ɴ] Forms: 方法論 [canonical] (ruby: (ほう), (ほう), (ろん)), hōhōron [romanization], faufafuron [romanization], はうはふろん [hiragana, historical]
Etymology: From 方法 (hōhō, “method”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”), perhaps a calque of a European language. Compare French méthodologie, German Methodologie and English methodology. Etymology templates: {{suf|ja|方法|論|sort=ほうほうろん|t1=method|t2=theory|tr1=hōhō|tr2=ron}} 方法 (hōhō, “method”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”), {{cog|fr|méthodologie}} French méthodologie, {{cog|de|Methodologie}} German Methodologie, {{cog|en|methodology}} English methodology Head templates: {{ja-noun|ほうほうろん|hhira=はうはふろん}} 方(ほう)法(ほう)論(ろん) • (hōhōron) ^(←はうはふろん (faufafuron)?)
  1. methodology Wikipedia link: ja:方法論 Categories (topical): Sciences

Noun [Korean]

Forms: bangbeomnon [romanization], pangbŏmnon [McCune-Reischauer, romanization], pangpeplon [Yale, romanization], 방법론 [hangeul]
Head templates: {{ko-noun|hangeul=방법론|mr=pangbŏmnon|y=pangpeplon}} 方法論 • (bangbeomnon or McCune-Reischauer: pangbŏmnon or Yale: pangpeplon) (hangeul 방법론)
  1. Hanja form of 방법론 (“methodology”). Tags: alt-of, hanja Alternative form of: 방법론 (extra: methodology)

Adjective [Vietnamese]

Head templates: {{head|vi|adjective|||||head=|tr=}} 方法論, {{vi-adj|sc=Hani}} 方法論
  1. chữ Hán form of phương pháp luận (“methodological”).
    Sense id: en-方法論-vi-adj-Wq306y8P Categories (other): Vietnamese Chữ Hán, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header, Vietnamese nouns without classifiers Disambiguation of Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header: 51 49 Disambiguation of Vietnamese nouns without classifiers: 58 42

Noun [Vietnamese]

Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=}} 方法論, {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} 方法論
  1. chữ Hán form of phương pháp luận (“methodology”).
    Sense id: en-方法論-vi-noun-AiVhfFzS Categories (other): Vietnamese Chữ Hán, Vietnamese adjectives in Han script, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Vietnamese adjectives in Han script: 43 57 Disambiguation of Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header: 51 49

Download JSON data for 方法論 meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "方法論",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "kēxué fāngfǎlùn",
          "word": "科學方法論"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kēxué fāngfǎlùn",
          "word": "科学方法论"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "methodology"
      ],
      "id": "en-方法論-zh-noun--eU-9pXy",
      "links": [
        [
          "methodology",
          "methodology"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "rènshilùn",
          "word": "認識論"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rènshilùn",
          "word": "认识论"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhīshilùn",
          "word": "知識論"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhīshilùn",
          "word": "知识论"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fāngfǎlùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄈㄤ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fong¹ faat³ leon⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "hong-hoat-lūn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fāngfǎlùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fangfǎlùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fang¹-fa³-lun⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fāng-fǎ-lwùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fangfaaluenn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "фанфалунь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fanfalunʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɑŋ⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fōng faat leuhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fong¹ faat⁸ loen⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fong¹ fad³ lên⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ faːt̚³ lɵn²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hong-hoat-lūn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hong-huat-lūn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "honghoatlun"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɑŋ⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ faːt̚³ lɵn²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "方法論"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "방법론",
            "bor": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 방법론 (bangbeomnon)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Korean: 방법론 (bangbeomnon)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "phương pháp luận",
            "bor": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: phương pháp luận",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Vietnamese: phương pháp luận"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "方法",
        "3": "論",
        "sort": "ほうほうろん",
        "t1": "method",
        "t2": "theory",
        "tr1": "hōhō",
        "tr2": "ron"
      },
      "expansion": "方法 (hōhō, “method”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”)",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "méthodologie"
      },
      "expansion": "French méthodologie",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Methodologie"
      },
      "expansion": "German Methodologie",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "methodology"
      },
      "expansion": "English methodology",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 方法 (hōhō, “method”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”), perhaps a calque of a European language. Compare French méthodologie, German Methodologie and English methodology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "方法論",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "方",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "法",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "論",
          "ろん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōhōron",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "faufafuron",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はうはふろん",
      "roman": "faufafuron",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ほうほうろん",
        "hhira": "はうはふろん"
      },
      "expansion": "方(ほう)法(ほう)論(ろん) • (hōhōron) ^(←はうはふろん (faufafuron)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms suffixed with 論",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Sciences",
          "orig": "ja:Sciences",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "methodology"
      ],
      "id": "en-方法論-ja-noun--eU-9pXy",
      "links": [
        [
          "methodology",
          "methodology"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "ja:方法論"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ほーほーろん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ho̞ːho̞ːɾõ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "方法論"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bangbeomnon",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pangbŏmnon",
      "tags": [
        "McCune-Reischauer",
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pangpeplon",
      "tags": [
        "Yale",
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "방법론",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hangeul": "방법론",
        "mr": "pangbŏmnon",
        "y": "pangpeplon"
      },
      "expansion": "方法論 • (bangbeomnon or McCune-Reischauer: pangbŏmnon or Yale: pangpeplon) (hangeul 방법론)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "methodology",
          "word": "방법론"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 방법론 (“methodology”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-方法論-ko-noun-BsCQDhMn",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "방법론",
          "방법론#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "methodology",
          "methodology"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "方法論"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "方法論",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "方法論",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of phương pháp luận (“methodology”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-方法論-vi-noun-AiVhfFzS",
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "phương pháp luận",
          "phương pháp luận#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "methodology",
          "methodology"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "方法論"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "方法論",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "方法論",
      "name": "vi-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of phương pháp luận (“methodological”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-方法論-vi-adj-Wq306y8P",
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "phương pháp luận",
          "phương pháp luận#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "methodological",
          "methodological"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "方法論"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kēxué fāngfǎlùn",
      "word": "科學方法論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kēxué fāngfǎlùn",
      "word": "科学方法论"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "方法論",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "rènshilùn",
      "word": "認識論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rènshilùn",
      "word": "认识论"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhīshilùn",
      "word": "知識論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhīshilùn",
      "word": "知识论"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Hokkien nouns",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "methodology"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "methodology",
          "methodology"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fāngfǎlùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄈㄤ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fong¹ faat³ leon⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "hong-hoat-lūn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fāngfǎlùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fangfǎlùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fang¹-fa³-lun⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fāng-fǎ-lwùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fangfaaluenn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "фанфалунь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fanfalunʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɑŋ⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fōng faat leuhn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fong¹ faat⁸ loen⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fong¹ fad³ lên⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ faːt̚³ lɵn²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hong-hoat-lūn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hong-huat-lūn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "honghoatlun"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɑŋ⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ faːt̚³ lɵn²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁴ lun²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²⁻⁵ lun²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/hɔŋ³³ huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "方法論"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "방법론",
            "bor": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 방법론 (bangbeomnon)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Korean: 방법론 (bangbeomnon)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "phương pháp luận",
            "bor": "y"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: phương pháp luận",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Vietnamese: phương pháp luận"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "方法",
        "3": "論",
        "sort": "ほうほうろん",
        "t1": "method",
        "t2": "theory",
        "tr1": "hōhō",
        "tr2": "ron"
      },
      "expansion": "方法 (hōhō, “method”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”)",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "méthodologie"
      },
      "expansion": "French méthodologie",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Methodologie"
      },
      "expansion": "German Methodologie",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "methodology"
      },
      "expansion": "English methodology",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From 方法 (hōhō, “method”) + 論 (-ron, “theory”), perhaps a calque of a European language. Compare French méthodologie, German Methodologie and English methodology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "方法論",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "方",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "法",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "論",
          "ろん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōhōron",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "faufafuron",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はうはふろん",
      "roman": "faufafuron",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ほうほうろん",
        "hhira": "はうはふろん"
      },
      "expansion": "方(ほう)法(ほう)論(ろん) • (hōhōron) ^(←はうはふろん (faufafuron)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese nouns",
        "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms suffixed with 論",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms written with three Han script characters",
        "ja:Sciences"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "methodology"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "methodology",
          "methodology"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "ja:方法論"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ほーほーろん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ho̞ːho̞ːɾõ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "方法論"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bangbeomnon",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pangbŏmnon",
      "tags": [
        "McCune-Reischauer",
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pangpeplon",
      "tags": [
        "Yale",
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "방법론",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hangeul": "방법론",
        "mr": "pangbŏmnon",
        "y": "pangpeplon"
      },
      "expansion": "方法論 • (bangbeomnon or McCune-Reischauer: pangbŏmnon or Yale: pangpeplon) (hangeul 방법론)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "methodology",
          "word": "방법론"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean nouns",
        "Korean nouns in Han script",
        "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 방법론 (“methodology”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "방법론",
          "방법론#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "methodology",
          "methodology"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "方法論"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Vietnamese adjectives",
    "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
    "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "方法論",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "方法論",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of phương pháp luận (“methodology”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "phương pháp luận",
          "phương pháp luận#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "methodology",
          "methodology"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "方法論"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Vietnamese adjectives",
    "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
    "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "方法論",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "方法論",
      "name": "vi-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of phương pháp luận (“methodological”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "phương pháp luận",
          "phương pháp luận#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "methodological",
          "methodological"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "方法論"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "方法論"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "方法論",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "方法論"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "方法論",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "方法論"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "方法論",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "方法論"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "方法論",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "方法論"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "方法論",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "方法論"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "方法論",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.