See 拘る on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 拘る meaning in All languages combined (25.7kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "小"
},
"expansion": "小",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "個"
},
"expansion": "個",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "戯る"
},
"expansion": "戯る",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "狂る"
},
"expansion": "狂る",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "こ",
"3": "たわる",
"sort": "こだわる",
"t1": "a small thing: 小, 個",
"t2": "to lose oneself in something, to obsess over something: 戯る, 狂る",
"tr1": "ko",
"tr2": "tawaru"
},
"expansion": "こ (ko-, “a small thing: 小, 個”) + たわる (tawaru, “to lose oneself in something, to obsess over something: 戯る, 狂る”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tawaru",
"2": "dawaru",
"sort": "こだわる"
},
"expansion": "The tawaru changes to dawaru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "戯ける",
"3": "",
"4": "to mess around, to act crazy, to be nonsensical",
"tr": "tawakeru"
},
"expansion": "戯ける (tawakeru, “to mess around, to act crazy, to be nonsensical”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "戯言",
"3": "",
"4": "nonsense, crazy talk",
"tr": "tawagoto"
},
"expansion": "戯言 (tawagoto, “nonsense, crazy talk”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "る",
"pos": "indicating spontaneous or passive action",
"tr": "ru"
},
"expansion": "る (ru, indicating spontaneous or passive action)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "堪う"
},
"expansion": "堪う",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "耐う"
},
"expansion": "耐う",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "勝う"
},
"expansion": "勝う",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "たう",
"3": "",
"4": "to stand up to pressure, to remain unchanged, to last; to be appropriate to a task, to have value: 堪う, 耐う, 勝う",
"tr": "tau"
},
"expansion": "たう (tau, “to stand up to pressure, to remain unchanged, to last; to be appropriate to a task, to have value: 堪う, 耐う, 勝う”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From こ (ko-, “a small thing: 小, 個”) + たわる (tawaru, “to lose oneself in something, to obsess over something: 戯る, 狂る”). The tawaru changes to dawaru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nTawaru derives from the same tawa element in words such as 戯ける (tawakeru, “to mess around, to act crazy, to be nonsensical”) or 戯言 (tawagoto, “nonsense, crazy talk”), indicating \"actions or state out of the ordinary: eccentricity, preposterousness, absurdity\":\ntawa + auxiliary verb る (ru, indicating spontaneous or passive action).\nTawa may be the nominalized imperfective form of root verb たう (tau, “to stand up to pressure, to remain unchanged, to last; to be appropriate to a task, to have value: 堪う, 耐う, 勝う”), with the imperfective possibly indicating “not lasting: fickle, changing; not being appropriate, not having value”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "拘る",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kodafaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "拘り",
"roman": "kodawari",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "拘った",
"roman": "kodawatta",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kodaware",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "拘った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "拘って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こだわる",
"hhira": "こだはる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "拘(こだわ)る • (kodawaru) ^(←こだはる (kodafaru)?)intransitive godan (stem 拘(こだわ)り (kodawari), past 拘(こだわ)った (kodawatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 5 2 3 4 3 6 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 11 3 5 7 5 11 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 2 4 5 3 12 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 2 4 5 3 12 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 25 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms prefixed with こ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 9 4 7 7 6 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 14 2 4 4 3 13 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 2 4 4 3 12 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 26 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 20 9 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with rendaku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He got hung up on minor details, and he was late delivering [the product].",
"roman": "Sasai na koto ni kodawatte nōhin ga okureta.",
"ruby": [
[
"些細",
"ささい"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
],
[
"納品",
"のうひん"
],
[
"遅",
"おく"
]
],
"text": "些細なことに拘って納品が遅れた。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to get hung up on something, to not proceed smoothly"
],
"id": "en-拘る-ja-verb-lFRvy3~9",
"links": [
[
"hung up",
"hung up"
],
[
"proceed",
"proceed"
],
[
"smooth",
"smooth"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "86 4 8 2",
"roman": "kōdei",
"ruby": [
[
"拘泥",
"こうでい"
]
],
"sense": "negative: get stuck on, get hung up about",
"word": "拘泥"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 12 21 14",
"roman": "kiwameru",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"sense": "positive: be careful about",
"word": "極める"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 11 3 5 7 5 11 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 2 4 5 3 12 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 2 4 5 3 12 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 14 2 4 4 3 13 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 2 4 4 3 12 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You should be ignoring that, so why are you worrying about it?",
"roman": "Mushi sureba yoi no ni, dōshite kodawaru no.",
"ruby": [
[
"無視",
"むし"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
]
],
"text": "無視すればよいのに、どうして拘るの。"
},
{
"english": "People who have that strange fixation always emphasize, without fail, the process through which the Japanese Constitution was established.",
"ref": "2014, Kimura Sōta, Terebi ga tsutaenai Kenpō no hanashi [What TV doesn’t say about the Constitution], page 191",
"roman": "Sō iu kimyō na kodawari o motsu hito ga kyōchō suru no wa, kimatte, Nihonkoku Kenpō no seitei keī de aru.",
"ruby": [
[
"奇",
"き"
],
[
"妙",
"みょう"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
],
[
"持",
"も"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"調",
"ちょう"
],
[
"決",
"き"
],
[
"日",
"に"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"国",
"こく"
],
[
"憲",
"けん"
],
[
"法",
"ぽう"
],
[
"制",
"せい"
],
[
"定",
"てい"
],
[
"経",
"けい"
],
[
"緯",
"い"
]
],
"text": "そういう奇妙な拘りを持つ人が強調するのは、決まって、日本国憲法の制定経緯である。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be concerned over something that is not worth attention: to be overly fastidious or particular"
],
"id": "en-拘る-ja-verb-WW8oJjlm",
"links": [
[
"concerned",
"concerned"
],
[
"worth",
"worth"
],
[
"attention",
"attention"
],
[
"fastidious",
"fastidious"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to nitpick and complain about the wording of the menu",
"roman": "menyū no kotobazukai ni kodawari monku o iu",
"ruby": [
[
"言葉遣",
"ことばづか"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
],
[
"文句",
"もんく"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "メニューの言葉遣いに拘り文句を言う"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to nitpick about something"
],
"id": "en-拘る-ja-verb-MEnEWCFd",
"links": [
[
"nitpick",
"nitpick"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be careful about quality, to be particular about quality",
"roman": "hinshitsu ni kodawaru",
"ruby": [
[
"品質",
"ひんしつ"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
]
],
"text": "品質に拘る"
},
{
"english": "But in fact, through this remembrance, for example in the process of rereading Yoshiyuki’s early short fiction, Yasuoka’s sincere commitment to the novel becomes clear.",
"ref": "2013 September 29, Matsuyama Iwao, “‘Bunshi no yūjō Yoshiyuki Junnosuke no koto nado’ Yasuoka Shōtarō cho tomo no kioku, bungaku e no kakugo [‘Bunshi no yūjō Yoshiyuki Junnosuke no koto nado’ by Yasuoka Shotaro: memories of a friend, determination toward literature]”, in Yomiuri Shimbun, page 13",
"roman": "Da ga sono jitsu, kioku o yomigaerase tsutsu, tatoeba Yoshiyuki no shoki tanpen o saidoku suru katei de, Yasuoka no shōsetsu e no shinshi na kodawari ga akiraka ni naru.",
"ruby": [
[
"実",
"じつ"
],
[
"記",
"き"
],
[
"憶",
"おく"
],
[
"蘇",
"よみがえ"
],
[
"例",
"たと"
],
[
"吉",
"よし"
],
[
"行",
"ゆき"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"期",
"き"
],
[
"短",
"たん"
],
[
"篇",
"ぺん"
],
[
"再",
"さい"
],
[
"読",
"どく"
],
[
"過",
"か"
],
[
"程",
"てい"
],
[
"安",
"やす"
],
[
"岡",
"おか"
],
[
"小",
"しょう"
],
[
"説",
"せつ"
],
[
"真",
"しん"
],
[
"摯",
"し"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
],
[
"明",
"あき"
]
],
"text": "だがその実、記憶を蘇らせつつ、例えば吉行の初期短篇を再読する過程で、安岡の小説への真摯な拘りが明らかになる。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to take special care over something, to be particular (in a positive way)"
],
"id": "en-拘る-ja-verb-hxNuRrmi",
"links": [
[
"special",
"special"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こだわる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞da̠ɰᵝa̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "拘る"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "抱う"
},
"expansion": "抱う",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "香う"
},
"expansion": "香う",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "かかう",
"3": "",
"4": "to carry, to be carried: 抱う, 香う",
"tr": "kakau"
},
"expansion": "かかう (kakau, “to carry, to be carried: 抱う, 香う”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "る",
"pos": "indicating spontaneous or passive action",
"tr": "ru"
},
"expansion": "る (ru, indicating spontaneous or passive action)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "掛く"
},
"expansion": "掛く",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "懸く"
},
"expansion": "懸く",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "かく",
"3": "",
"4": "to catch one thing atop another: 掛く, 懸く",
"tr": "kaku"
},
"expansion": "かく (kaku, “to catch one thing atop another: 掛く, 懸く”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "う"
},
"expansion": "う",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ふ",
"pos": "indicating repetition or ongoing state: modern verb ending <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">う</i> u",
"tr": "fu"
},
"expansion": "ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state: modern verb ending う u)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the explicitly intransitive or passive form of root verb かかう (kakau, “to carry, to be carried: 抱う, 香う”):\nkakau > imperfective form kakawa + auxiliary verb る (ru, indicating spontaneous or passive action).\nIn turn, kakau derives from root verb かく (kaku, “to catch one thing atop another: 掛く, 懸く”):\nkaku > imperfective form kaka + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state: modern verb ending う u).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "拘る",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"かかわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kakafaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "拘り",
"roman": "kakawari",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"かかわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "拘った",
"roman": "kakawatta",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"かかわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kakaware",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "拘った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "拘って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かかわる",
"hhira": "かかはる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "拘(かかわ)る • (kakawaru) ^(←かかはる (kakafaru)?)intransitive godan (stem 拘(かかわ)り (kakawari), past 拘(かかわ)った (kakawatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I was not involved in that incident.",
"roman": "Sono jiken ni kakawatte imasen.",
"ruby": [
[
"事件",
"じけん"
]
],
"text": "その事件にかかわっていません。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be in relation to, to be relevant to, to be involved in"
],
"id": "en-拘る-ja-verb-Yuw9Ux3T",
"links": [
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"relevant",
"relevant"
],
[
"involved",
"involved"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "77 4 3 16",
"roman": "kankei",
"ruby": [
[
"関係",
"かんけい"
]
],
"sense": "be related to, be relevant to",
"word": "関係"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's a family affair, so it would be best not to interfere.",
"roman": "Kazoku no ken desu node kakawaranai hō ga ii desu.",
"ruby": [
[
"家族",
"かぞく"
],
[
"件",
"けん"
],
[
"方",
"ほう"
],
[
"良",
"い"
]
],
"text": "家族の件ですのでかかわらない方が良いです。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be involved in a negative way: to meddle, to interfere"
],
"id": "en-拘る-ja-verb-AZshBHxO",
"links": [
[
"involved",
"involved"
],
[
"meddle",
"meddle"
],
[
"interfere",
"interfere"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "1 89 2 8",
"roman": "kanshō suru",
"ruby": [
[
"干渉",
"かんしょう"
]
],
"sense": "to meddle",
"word": "干渉する"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 11 3 5 7 5 11 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 2 4 5 3 12 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 2 4 5 3 12 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 14 2 4 4 3 13 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 2 4 4 3 12 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a matter of life and death",
"roman": "inochi ni kakawaru koto",
"ruby": [
[
"命",
"いのち"
]
],
"text": "命にかかわること"
},
{
"english": "a problem affecting / impinging upon one's honor",
"roman": "meiyo ni kakawaru mondai",
"ruby": [
[
"名誉",
"めいよ"
],
[
"問題",
"もんだい"
]
],
"text": "名誉にかかわる問題"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have a substantial effect on something, to endanger something"
],
"id": "en-拘る-ja-verb-y7naQVRX",
"links": [
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"endanger",
"endanger"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 4 81 13",
"roman": "ayauku suru",
"ruby": [
[
"危",
"あや"
]
],
"sense": "to endanger",
"word": "危うくする"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 5 2 3 4 3 6 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 11 3 5 7 5 11 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 2 4 5 3 12 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 12 2 4 5 3 12 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 9 4 7 7 6 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 14 2 4 4 3 13 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 2 4 4 3 12 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Why are you getting hung up on / why are you worrying over such a humdrum issue?",
"roman": "Konna heibon na koto ni naze kakawaru no ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"平凡",
"へいぼん"
]
],
"text": "こんな平凡なことになぜかかわるのか。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to get hung up on something"
],
"id": "en-拘る-ja-verb-hTKok-ZE",
"links": [
[
"hung up",
"hung up"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "8 4 7 81",
"roman": "kōdei suru",
"ruby": [
[
"拘泥",
"こうでい"
]
],
"sense": "get stuck on, get hung up about",
"word": "拘泥する"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かかわる"
},
{
"other": "かかわる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ka̠ɰᵝa̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "19 12 33 36",
"roman": "eikyō suru",
"ruby": [
[
"影響",
"えいきょう"
]
],
"sense": "to affect",
"word": "影響する"
}
],
"word": "拘る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms prefixed with こ",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese type 1 verbs",
"Japanese verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "小"
},
"expansion": "小",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "個"
},
"expansion": "個",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "戯る"
},
"expansion": "戯る",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "狂る"
},
"expansion": "狂る",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "こ",
"3": "たわる",
"sort": "こだわる",
"t1": "a small thing: 小, 個",
"t2": "to lose oneself in something, to obsess over something: 戯る, 狂る",
"tr1": "ko",
"tr2": "tawaru"
},
"expansion": "こ (ko-, “a small thing: 小, 個”) + たわる (tawaru, “to lose oneself in something, to obsess over something: 戯る, 狂る”)",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連濁"
},
"expansion": "連濁",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tawaru",
"2": "dawaru",
"sort": "こだわる"
},
"expansion": "The tawaru changes to dawaru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "戯ける",
"3": "",
"4": "to mess around, to act crazy, to be nonsensical",
"tr": "tawakeru"
},
"expansion": "戯ける (tawakeru, “to mess around, to act crazy, to be nonsensical”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "戯言",
"3": "",
"4": "nonsense, crazy talk",
"tr": "tawagoto"
},
"expansion": "戯言 (tawagoto, “nonsense, crazy talk”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "る",
"pos": "indicating spontaneous or passive action",
"tr": "ru"
},
"expansion": "る (ru, indicating spontaneous or passive action)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "堪う"
},
"expansion": "堪う",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "耐う"
},
"expansion": "耐う",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "勝う"
},
"expansion": "勝う",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "たう",
"3": "",
"4": "to stand up to pressure, to remain unchanged, to last; to be appropriate to a task, to have value: 堪う, 耐う, 勝う",
"tr": "tau"
},
"expansion": "たう (tau, “to stand up to pressure, to remain unchanged, to last; to be appropriate to a task, to have value: 堪う, 耐う, 勝う”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From こ (ko-, “a small thing: 小, 個”) + たわる (tawaru, “to lose oneself in something, to obsess over something: 戯る, 狂る”). The tawaru changes to dawaru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).\nTawaru derives from the same tawa element in words such as 戯ける (tawakeru, “to mess around, to act crazy, to be nonsensical”) or 戯言 (tawagoto, “nonsense, crazy talk”), indicating \"actions or state out of the ordinary: eccentricity, preposterousness, absurdity\":\ntawa + auxiliary verb る (ru, indicating spontaneous or passive action).\nTawa may be the nominalized imperfective form of root verb たう (tau, “to stand up to pressure, to remain unchanged, to last; to be appropriate to a task, to have value: 堪う, 耐う, 勝う”), with the imperfective possibly indicating “not lasting: fickle, changing; not being appropriate, not having value”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "拘る",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kodafaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "拘り",
"roman": "kodawari",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "拘った",
"roman": "kodawatta",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kodaware",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "拘った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "拘って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "こだわれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kodawareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こだわる",
"hhira": "こだはる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "拘(こだわ)る • (kodawaru) ^(←こだはる (kodafaru)?)intransitive godan (stem 拘(こだわ)り (kodawari), past 拘(こだわ)った (kodawatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He got hung up on minor details, and he was late delivering [the product].",
"roman": "Sasai na koto ni kodawatte nōhin ga okureta.",
"ruby": [
[
"些細",
"ささい"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
],
[
"納品",
"のうひん"
],
[
"遅",
"おく"
]
],
"text": "些細なことに拘って納品が遅れた。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to get hung up on something, to not proceed smoothly"
],
"links": [
[
"hung up",
"hung up"
],
[
"proceed",
"proceed"
],
[
"smooth",
"smooth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You should be ignoring that, so why are you worrying about it?",
"roman": "Mushi sureba yoi no ni, dōshite kodawaru no.",
"ruby": [
[
"無視",
"むし"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
]
],
"text": "無視すればよいのに、どうして拘るの。"
},
{
"english": "People who have that strange fixation always emphasize, without fail, the process through which the Japanese Constitution was established.",
"ref": "2014, Kimura Sōta, Terebi ga tsutaenai Kenpō no hanashi [What TV doesn’t say about the Constitution], page 191",
"roman": "Sō iu kimyō na kodawari o motsu hito ga kyōchō suru no wa, kimatte, Nihonkoku Kenpō no seitei keī de aru.",
"ruby": [
[
"奇",
"き"
],
[
"妙",
"みょう"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
],
[
"持",
"も"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"調",
"ちょう"
],
[
"決",
"き"
],
[
"日",
"に"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"国",
"こく"
],
[
"憲",
"けん"
],
[
"法",
"ぽう"
],
[
"制",
"せい"
],
[
"定",
"てい"
],
[
"経",
"けい"
],
[
"緯",
"い"
]
],
"text": "そういう奇妙な拘りを持つ人が強調するのは、決まって、日本国憲法の制定経緯である。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be concerned over something that is not worth attention: to be overly fastidious or particular"
],
"links": [
[
"concerned",
"concerned"
],
[
"worth",
"worth"
],
[
"attention",
"attention"
],
[
"fastidious",
"fastidious"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to nitpick and complain about the wording of the menu",
"roman": "menyū no kotobazukai ni kodawari monku o iu",
"ruby": [
[
"言葉遣",
"ことばづか"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
],
[
"文句",
"もんく"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "メニューの言葉遣いに拘り文句を言う"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to nitpick about something"
],
"links": [
[
"nitpick",
"nitpick"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be careful about quality, to be particular about quality",
"roman": "hinshitsu ni kodawaru",
"ruby": [
[
"品質",
"ひんしつ"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
]
],
"text": "品質に拘る"
},
{
"english": "But in fact, through this remembrance, for example in the process of rereading Yoshiyuki’s early short fiction, Yasuoka’s sincere commitment to the novel becomes clear.",
"ref": "2013 September 29, Matsuyama Iwao, “‘Bunshi no yūjō Yoshiyuki Junnosuke no koto nado’ Yasuoka Shōtarō cho tomo no kioku, bungaku e no kakugo [‘Bunshi no yūjō Yoshiyuki Junnosuke no koto nado’ by Yasuoka Shotaro: memories of a friend, determination toward literature]”, in Yomiuri Shimbun, page 13",
"roman": "Da ga sono jitsu, kioku o yomigaerase tsutsu, tatoeba Yoshiyuki no shoki tanpen o saidoku suru katei de, Yasuoka no shōsetsu e no shinshi na kodawari ga akiraka ni naru.",
"ruby": [
[
"実",
"じつ"
],
[
"記",
"き"
],
[
"憶",
"おく"
],
[
"蘇",
"よみがえ"
],
[
"例",
"たと"
],
[
"吉",
"よし"
],
[
"行",
"ゆき"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"期",
"き"
],
[
"短",
"たん"
],
[
"篇",
"ぺん"
],
[
"再",
"さい"
],
[
"読",
"どく"
],
[
"過",
"か"
],
[
"程",
"てい"
],
[
"安",
"やす"
],
[
"岡",
"おか"
],
[
"小",
"しょう"
],
[
"説",
"せつ"
],
[
"真",
"しん"
],
[
"摯",
"し"
],
[
"拘",
"こだわ"
],
[
"明",
"あき"
]
],
"text": "だがその実、記憶を蘇らせつつ、例えば吉行の初期短篇を再読する過程で、安岡の小説への真摯な拘りが明らかになる。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to take special care over something, to be particular (in a positive way)"
],
"links": [
[
"special",
"special"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こだわる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞da̠ɰᵝa̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kōdei",
"ruby": [
[
"拘泥",
"こうでい"
]
],
"sense": "negative: get stuck on, get hung up about",
"word": "拘泥"
},
{
"roman": "kiwameru",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"sense": "positive: be careful about",
"word": "極める"
}
],
"word": "拘る"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese type 1 verbs",
"Japanese verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "抱う"
},
"expansion": "抱う",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "香う"
},
"expansion": "香う",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "かかう",
"3": "",
"4": "to carry, to be carried: 抱う, 香う",
"tr": "kakau"
},
"expansion": "かかう (kakau, “to carry, to be carried: 抱う, 香う”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "る",
"pos": "indicating spontaneous or passive action",
"tr": "ru"
},
"expansion": "る (ru, indicating spontaneous or passive action)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "掛く"
},
"expansion": "掛く",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "懸く"
},
"expansion": "懸く",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "かく",
"3": "",
"4": "to catch one thing atop another: 掛く, 懸く",
"tr": "kaku"
},
"expansion": "かく (kaku, “to catch one thing atop another: 掛く, 懸く”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "う"
},
"expansion": "う",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ふ",
"pos": "indicating repetition or ongoing state: modern verb ending <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">う</i> u",
"tr": "fu"
},
"expansion": "ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state: modern verb ending う u)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the explicitly intransitive or passive form of root verb かかう (kakau, “to carry, to be carried: 抱う, 香う”):\nkakau > imperfective form kakawa + auxiliary verb る (ru, indicating spontaneous or passive action).\nIn turn, kakau derives from root verb かく (kaku, “to catch one thing atop another: 掛く, 懸く”):\nkaku > imperfective form kaka + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state: modern verb ending う u).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "拘る",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"かかわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kakafaru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "拘り",
"roman": "kakawari",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"かかわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "拘った",
"roman": "kakawatta",
"ruby": [
[
"拘",
"かかわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわら",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawara",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘り",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘る",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawaru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kakaware",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "拘られる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawarareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわらせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわらす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawaraseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawarasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわろう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawarō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわらない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawaranai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘らず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわらず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawarazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "拘ります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわります",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawarimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "拘った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "拘って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "拘れば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かかわれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kakawareba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かかわる",
"hhira": "かかはる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "拘(かかわ)る • (kakawaru) ^(←かかはる (kakafaru)?)intransitive godan (stem 拘(かかわ)り (kakawari), past 拘(かかわ)った (kakawatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I was not involved in that incident.",
"roman": "Sono jiken ni kakawatte imasen.",
"ruby": [
[
"事件",
"じけん"
]
],
"text": "その事件にかかわっていません。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be in relation to, to be relevant to, to be involved in"
],
"links": [
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"relevant",
"relevant"
],
[
"involved",
"involved"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's a family affair, so it would be best not to interfere.",
"roman": "Kazoku no ken desu node kakawaranai hō ga ii desu.",
"ruby": [
[
"家族",
"かぞく"
],
[
"件",
"けん"
],
[
"方",
"ほう"
],
[
"良",
"い"
]
],
"text": "家族の件ですのでかかわらない方が良いです。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be involved in a negative way: to meddle, to interfere"
],
"links": [
[
"involved",
"involved"
],
[
"meddle",
"meddle"
],
[
"interfere",
"interfere"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a matter of life and death",
"roman": "inochi ni kakawaru koto",
"ruby": [
[
"命",
"いのち"
]
],
"text": "命にかかわること"
},
{
"english": "a problem affecting / impinging upon one's honor",
"roman": "meiyo ni kakawaru mondai",
"ruby": [
[
"名誉",
"めいよ"
],
[
"問題",
"もんだい"
]
],
"text": "名誉にかかわる問題"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have a substantial effect on something, to endanger something"
],
"links": [
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"endanger",
"endanger"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Why are you getting hung up on / why are you worrying over such a humdrum issue?",
"roman": "Konna heibon na koto ni naze kakawaru no ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"平凡",
"へいぼん"
]
],
"text": "こんな平凡なことになぜかかわるのか。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to get hung up on something"
],
"links": [
[
"hung up",
"hung up"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かかわる"
},
{
"other": "かかわる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ka̠ɰᵝa̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kankei",
"ruby": [
[
"関係",
"かんけい"
]
],
"sense": "be related to, be relevant to",
"word": "関係"
},
{
"roman": "eikyō suru",
"ruby": [
[
"影響",
"えいきょう"
]
],
"sense": "to affect",
"word": "影響する"
},
{
"roman": "ayauku suru",
"ruby": [
[
"危",
"あや"
]
],
"sense": "to endanger",
"word": "危うくする"
},
{
"roman": "kanshō suru",
"ruby": [
[
"干渉",
"かんしょう"
]
],
"sense": "to meddle",
"word": "干渉する"
},
{
"roman": "kōdei suru",
"ruby": [
[
"拘泥",
"こうでい"
]
],
"sense": "get stuck on, get hung up about",
"word": "拘泥する"
}
],
"word": "拘る"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.