See 極める on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぶ"
},
"expansion": "ぶ (bu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "びる"
},
"expansion": "びる (biru)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From classical verb 極む (kiwamu), itself from 際 (kiwa, “edge, brink”) + verb-forming suffix む (mu, “seems like, having that quality”, see also related classical suffix ぶ (bu) and modern derivative びる (biru)).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "極める",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwameru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kifameru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "極め",
"roman": "kiwame",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "極めた",
"roman": "kiwameta",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "極め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwame",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "極める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwameru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "極めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "極めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "極めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwameyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "極められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "極めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "極めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "極められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "極めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "極めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwameyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "極めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "極めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "極めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "極めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "極めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "極めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwameta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "極めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "極めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きわめる",
"hhira": "きはめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "極(きわ)める • (kiwameru) ^(←きはめる (kifameru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 極(きわ)め (kiwame), past 極(きわ)めた (kiwameta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kiwamete",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"word": "極めて"
},
{
"roman": "kiwametsuki",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
],
[
"付",
"つ"
]
],
"word": "極め付き"
},
{
"roman": "kiwamefuda",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
],
[
"札",
"ふだ"
]
],
"word": "極め札"
},
{
"roman": "ichikiwame",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"いち"
],
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"word": "一極め"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to carry to extremes, carry to the end"
],
"id": "en-極める-ja-verb-WlXdZpQG",
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"extremes",
"extremes"
],
[
"end",
"end"
]
]
}
],
"word": "極める"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"決める"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-極める-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "極める"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kiwamete",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"word": "極めて"
},
{
"roman": "kiwametsuki",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
],
[
"付",
"つ"
]
],
"word": "極め付き"
},
{
"roman": "kiwamefuda",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
],
[
"札",
"ふだ"
]
],
"word": "極め札"
},
{
"roman": "ichikiwame",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"いち"
],
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"word": "一極め"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぶ"
},
"expansion": "ぶ (bu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "びる"
},
"expansion": "びる (biru)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From classical verb 極む (kiwamu), itself from 際 (kiwa, “edge, brink”) + verb-forming suffix む (mu, “seems like, having that quality”, see also related classical suffix ぶ (bu) and modern derivative びる (biru)).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "極める",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwameru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kifameru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "極め",
"roman": "kiwame",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "極めた",
"roman": "kiwameta",
"ruby": [
[
"極",
"きわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "極め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwame",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "極める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwameru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "極めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "極めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "極めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwameyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "極められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "極めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "極めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "極められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "極めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "極めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwameyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "極めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "極めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "極めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "極めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "極めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "極めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwameta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "極めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "極めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きわめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kiwamereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きわめる",
"hhira": "きはめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "極(きわ)める • (kiwameru) ^(←きはめる (kifameru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 極(きわ)め (kiwame), past 極(きわ)めた (kiwameta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to carry to extremes, carry to the end"
],
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"extremes",
"extremes"
],
[
"end",
"end"
]
]
}
],
"word": "極める"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"決める"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "極める"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 極める meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"極める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "極める",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"極める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "極める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"極める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "極める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"極める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "極める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"極める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "極める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"極める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "極める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"極める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "極める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"極める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "極める",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.