See 強硬 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "强硬",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "強硬",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "qiángyìngpài",
"word": "強硬派"
},
{
"roman": "qiángyìngpài",
"word": "强硬派"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong; tough; unyielding"
],
"id": "en-強硬-zh-adj--k8fdPED",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"unyielding",
"unyielding"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "qiánglì",
"word": "強力"
},
{
"roman": "qiánglì",
"word": "强力"
},
{
"roman": "qiángdà",
"word": "強大"
},
{
"roman": "qiángdà",
"word": "强大"
},
{
"roman": "qiángyǒulì",
"word": "強有力"
},
{
"roman": "qiángyǒulì",
"word": "强有力"
},
{
"roman": "délì",
"word": "得力"
},
{
"roman": "nù",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "怒"
},
{
"roman": "tǐngbá",
"word": "挺拔"
},
{
"roman": "yǒulì",
"word": "有力"
},
{
"roman": "xióngjìng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "雄勁"
},
{
"roman": "xióngjìng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "雄劲"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "qiángyìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "koeng⁴ ngaang⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngē"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiâng-ngēe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "qiángyìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ciángyìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "chʻiang²-ying⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "chyáng-yìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "chyangyinq"
},
{
"roman": "cjanʺin",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цянъин"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ iŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "koeng⁴ ngaang⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "kèuhng ngaahng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "koeng⁴ ngaang⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "kêng⁴ ngang⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰœːŋ²¹ ŋaːŋ²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngē"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngē"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kiongnge"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²³⁻³³ ŋẽ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngǐ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ŋĩ²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kiongngi"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ŋĩ²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋĩ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiâng-ngēe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiâng-ngēe"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaŋ¹³⁻²² ŋɛ̃²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "強硬"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "nanjaku",
"ruby": [
[
"軟弱",
"なんじゃく"
]
],
"word": "軟弱"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "強硬 -na",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"硬",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬な",
"roman": "kyōkō na",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"硬",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬に",
"roman": "kyōkō ni",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"硬",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkōsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうこう",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "強(きょう)硬(こう) • (kyōkō) -na (adnominal 強(きょう)硬(こう)な (kyōkō na), adverbial 強(きょう)硬(こう)に (kyōkō ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "きょうこう",
"lemma": "強硬",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kyōkōha",
"ruby": [
[
"強硬派",
"きょうこうは"
]
],
"word": "強硬派"
},
{
"roman": "kyōkōsaku",
"ruby": [
[
"強硬策",
"きょうこうさく"
]
],
"word": "強硬策"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
78,
84
],
[
107,
113
]
],
"english": "This could give the impression that the Japanese government is silent towards stronger opponents and takes strong measures against weaker opponents.",
"ref": "2025 February 27, 高橋永 [Ei Takahashi], quotee, “第217回国会 衆議院 予算委員会第三分科会 第1号 令和7年2月27日 [217th Diet House of Representatives Budget Committee Third Subcommittee No. 1 February 27, 2025]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library], retrieved 21 Sep 2025:",
"roman": "Kore ni yori, Nippon seifu ga tsuyoi aite ni wa chinmoku shi, yowai aite ni wa kyōkō na sochi o toru to iu inshō o ataeru kanōsei mo ari masu.",
"text": "これにより、日本政府が強い相手には沈黙し、弱い相手には強硬な措置を取るという印象を与える可能性もあります。",
"translation": "This could give the impression that the Japanese government is silent towards stronger opponents and takes strong measures against weaker opponents.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong; forceful; tough; hardline"
],
"id": "en-強硬-ja-adj-71hM0kFb",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"forceful",
"forceful"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"hardline",
"hardline"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʲo̞ːko̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "強硬"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "強硬",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"硬",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうこう"
},
"expansion": "強(きょう)硬(こう) • (kyōkō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firmness"
],
"id": "en-強硬-ja-noun-janq0RpN"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʲo̞ːko̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "強硬"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ganggyeong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "강경",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "강경"
},
"expansion": "強硬 • (ganggyeong) (hangeul 강경)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "강경"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 강경"
],
"id": "en-強硬-ko-noun-LxtH7qRu",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"강경",
"강경#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "強硬"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "qiángyìngpài",
"word": "強硬派"
},
{
"roman": "qiángyìngpài",
"word": "强硬派"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "强硬",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "強硬",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese adjectives",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 強",
"Chinese terms spelled with 硬",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien adjectives",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Mandarin adjectives",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"strong; tough; unyielding"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"unyielding",
"unyielding"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "qiángyìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "koeng⁴ ngaang⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngē"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiâng-ngēe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "qiángyìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ciángyìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "chʻiang²-ying⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "chyáng-yìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "chyangyinq"
},
{
"roman": "cjanʺin",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "цянъин"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ iŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "koeng⁴ ngaang⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "kèuhng ngaahng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "koeng⁴ ngaang⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "kêng⁴ ngang⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰœːŋ²¹ ŋaːŋ²²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngē"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngē"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kiongnge"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²³⁻³³ ŋẽ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngǐ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngǐ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ŋĩ²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiông-ngī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kiongngi"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ŋĩ²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋĩ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kiâng-ngēe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kiâng-ngēe"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaŋ¹³⁻²² ŋɛ̃²²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou",
"IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "qiánglì",
"word": "強力"
},
{
"roman": "qiánglì",
"word": "强力"
},
{
"roman": "qiángdà",
"word": "強大"
},
{
"roman": "qiángdà",
"word": "强大"
},
{
"roman": "qiángyǒulì",
"word": "強有力"
},
{
"roman": "qiángyǒulì",
"word": "强有力"
},
{
"roman": "délì",
"word": "得力"
},
{
"roman": "nù",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "怒"
},
{
"roman": "tǐngbá",
"word": "挺拔"
},
{
"roman": "yǒulì",
"word": "有力"
},
{
"roman": "xióngjìng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "雄勁"
},
{
"roman": "xióngjìng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "雄劲"
}
],
"word": "強硬"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "nanjaku",
"ruby": [
[
"軟弱",
"なんじゃく"
]
],
"word": "軟弱"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kyōkōha",
"ruby": [
[
"強硬派",
"きょうこうは"
]
],
"word": "強硬派"
},
{
"roman": "kyōkōsaku",
"ruby": [
[
"強硬策",
"きょうこうさく"
]
],
"word": "強硬策"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "強硬 -na",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"硬",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬な",
"roman": "kyōkō na",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"硬",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬に",
"roman": "kyōkō ni",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"硬",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "強硬さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "きょうこうさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkōsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうこう",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "強(きょう)硬(こう) • (kyōkō) -na (adnominal 強(きょう)硬(こう)な (kyōkō na), adverbial 強(きょう)硬(こう)に (kyōkō ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "きょうこう",
"lemma": "強硬",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
78,
84
],
[
107,
113
]
],
"english": "This could give the impression that the Japanese government is silent towards stronger opponents and takes strong measures against weaker opponents.",
"ref": "2025 February 27, 高橋永 [Ei Takahashi], quotee, “第217回国会 衆議院 予算委員会第三分科会 第1号 令和7年2月27日 [217th Diet House of Representatives Budget Committee Third Subcommittee No. 1 February 27, 2025]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library], retrieved 21 Sep 2025:",
"roman": "Kore ni yori, Nippon seifu ga tsuyoi aite ni wa chinmoku shi, yowai aite ni wa kyōkō na sochi o toru to iu inshō o ataeru kanōsei mo ari masu.",
"text": "これにより、日本政府が強い相手には沈黙し、弱い相手には強硬な措置を取るという印象を与える可能性もあります。",
"translation": "This could give the impression that the Japanese government is silent towards stronger opponents and takes strong measures against weaker opponents.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong; forceful; tough; hardline"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"forceful",
"forceful"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"hardline",
"hardline"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʲo̞ːko̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "強硬"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese な-na adjectives",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "強硬",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"きょう"
],
[
"硬",
"こう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kyōkō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きょうこう"
},
"expansion": "強(きょう)硬(こう) • (kyōkō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"firmness"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʲo̞ːko̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "強硬"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ganggyeong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "강경",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "강경"
},
"expansion": "強硬 • (ganggyeong) (hangeul 강경)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "강경"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 강경"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"강경",
"강경#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "強硬"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 強硬 meaning in All languages combined (16.3kB)
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"path": [
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"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "強硬",
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (4f87547 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.