"外患" meaning in All languages combined

See 外患 on Wiktionary

Noun [Chinese]

IPA: /waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/, /ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/, /ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/, /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/, /ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/, /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/, /ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/ Chinese transliterations: wàihuàn [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄢˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ngoi⁶ waan⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], gōa-hoān, wàihuàn [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], wàihuàn [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], wai⁴-huan⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], wài-hwàn [Mandarin, Yale], wayhuann [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], вайхуань [Mandarin, Palladius], vajxuanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], ngoih waahn [Cantonese, Yale], ngoi⁶ waan⁶ [Cantonese, Pinyin], ngoi⁶ wan⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], gōa-hoān [Hokkien, POJ], guā-huān [Hokkien, Tai-lo], goaxhoan [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], ngwajH hwaenH [Middle-Chinese], /*[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s [ɡ]ˤro[n]-s/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*ŋʷaːds ɡroːns/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 外患
  1. foreign aggression; aggression from abroad Synonyms: 外侮 (wàiwǔ), 外禍 (wàihuò), 外祸 (wàihuò) Derived forms: 內憂外患 (nèiyōuwàihuàn), 内忧外患 (nèiyōuwàihuàn)
    Sense id: en-外患-zh-noun-KT3hwO2W Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ɡa̠ikã̠ɴ] Forms: 外患 [canonical] (ruby: (がい), (かん)), gaikan [romanization], gwaikwan [romanization], ぐわいくわん [hiragana, historical]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|がいかん|hhira=ぐわいくわん}} 外(がい)患(かん) • (gaikan) ^(←ぐわいくわん (gwaikwan)?)
  1. external pressure; foreign threat Derived forms: 外患罪 (gaikanzai) (ruby: (がい), (かん), (ざい)), 内憂外患 (naiyū gaikan) (ruby: (ない), (ゆう), (がい), (かん))

Noun [Korean]

Forms: oehwan [romanization], 외환 [hangeul]
Head templates: {{ko-noun|hangeul=외환}} 外患 • (oehwan) (hangeul 외환)
  1. Hanja form of 외환. Tags: alt-of, hanja Alternative form of: 외환

Download JSONL data for 外患 meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "外患"
          },
          "expansion": "外患",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "外患",
            "2": "がいかん",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "外患(がいかん) (gaikan)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "외환(外患)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "外患",
            "2": "がいかん",
            "3": "외환",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "外患",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "外患",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "外患",
            "v": "外患",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "がいかん",
            "3": "외환"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "外患",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "external disaster",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "nèiyōuwàihuàn",
          "word": "內憂外患"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nèiyōuwàihuàn",
          "word": "内忧外患"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "foreign aggression; aggression from abroad"
      ],
      "id": "en-外患-zh-noun-KT3hwO2W",
      "links": [
        [
          "foreign",
          "foreign"
        ],
        [
          "aggression",
          "aggression"
        ],
        [
          "abroad",
          "abroad"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "wàiwǔ",
          "word": "外侮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wàihuò",
          "word": "外禍"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wàihuò",
          "word": "外祸"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ waan⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gōa-hoān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wai⁴-huan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wài-hwàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wayhuann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "вайхуань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "vajxuanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngoih waahn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ waan⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ wan⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gōa-hoān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guā-huān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "goaxhoan"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngwajH hwaenH"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s [ɡ]ˤro[n]-s/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*ŋʷaːds ɡroːns/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[ŋ]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[t]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[ɡ]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[n]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*ŋʷaːds ɡroːns/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "外患"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "外患",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "外",
          "がい"
        ],
        [
          "患",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaikan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gwaikwan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぐわいくわん",
      "roman": "gwaikwan",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "がいかん",
        "hhira": "ぐわいくわん"
      },
      "expansion": "外(がい)患(かん) • (gaikan) ^(←ぐわいくわん (gwaikwan)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "内患"
        },
        {
          "word": "内憂"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "gaikanzai",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "外",
              "がい"
            ],
            [
              "患",
              "かん"
            ],
            [
              "罪",
              "ざい"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "外患罪"
        },
        {
          "roman": "naiyū gaikan",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "内",
              "ない"
            ],
            [
              "憂",
              "ゆう"
            ],
            [
              "外",
              "がい"
            ],
            [
              "患",
              "かん"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "内憂外患"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "external pressure; foreign threat"
      ],
      "id": "en-外患-ja-noun-qp7VPlRY",
      "links": [
        [
          "external",
          "external"
        ],
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ],
        [
          "foreign",
          "foreign"
        ],
        [
          "threat",
          "threat"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "がいかん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɡa̠ikã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "外患"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "oehwan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "외환",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hangeul": "외환"
      },
      "expansion": "外患 • (oehwan) (hangeul 외환)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "외환"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 외환."
      ],
      "id": "en-外患-ko-noun-hj8CLNqr",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "외환",
          "외환#Korean"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "外患"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "nèiyōuwàihuàn",
      "word": "內憂外患"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nèiyōuwàihuàn",
      "word": "内忧外患"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "外患"
          },
          "expansion": "外患",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "外患",
            "2": "がいかん",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "外患(がいかん) (gaikan)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "외환(外患)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "外患",
            "2": "がいかん",
            "3": "외환",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "外患",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "外患",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "外患",
            "v": "外患",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "がいかん",
            "3": "외환"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "外患",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "external disaster",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Hokkien nouns",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns",
        "Middle Chinese lemmas",
        "Old Chinese lemmas"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "foreign aggression; aggression from abroad"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "foreign",
          "foreign"
        ],
        [
          "aggression",
          "aggression"
        ],
        [
          "abroad",
          "abroad"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ waan⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "gōa-hoān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wai⁴-huan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wài-hwàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "wayhuann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "вайхуань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "vajxuanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngoih waahn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ waan⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ wan⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gōa-hoān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "guā-huān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "goaxhoan"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ngwajH hwaenH"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s [ɡ]ˤro[n]-s/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*ŋʷaːds ɡroːns/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[ŋ]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[t]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[ɡ]"
    },
    {
      "other": "[n]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*ŋʷaːds ɡroːns/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "wàiwǔ",
      "word": "外侮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wàihuò",
      "word": "外禍"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wàihuò",
      "word": "外祸"
    }
  ],
  "word": "外患"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "gaikanzai",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "外",
          "がい"
        ],
        [
          "患",
          "かん"
        ],
        [
          "罪",
          "ざい"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "外患罪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "naiyū gaikan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "内",
          "ない"
        ],
        [
          "憂",
          "ゆう"
        ],
        [
          "外",
          "がい"
        ],
        [
          "患",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "内憂外患"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "外患",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "外",
          "がい"
        ],
        [
          "患",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gaikan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gwaikwan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぐわいくわん",
      "roman": "gwaikwan",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "がいかん",
        "hhira": "ぐわいくわん"
      },
      "expansion": "外(がい)患(かん) • (gaikan) ^(←ぐわいくわん (gwaikwan)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "内患"
        },
        {
          "word": "内憂"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese nouns",
        "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "external pressure; foreign threat"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "external",
          "external"
        ],
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ],
        [
          "foreign",
          "foreign"
        ],
        [
          "threat",
          "threat"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "がいかん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɡa̠ikã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "外患"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "oehwan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "외환",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hangeul": "외환"
      },
      "expansion": "外患 • (oehwan) (hangeul 외환)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "외환"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean nouns",
        "Korean nouns in Han script",
        "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 외환."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "외환",
          "외환#Korean"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "外患"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "外患"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "外患",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "外患"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "外患",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "外患"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "外患",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "外患"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "外患",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "外患"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "外患",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "外患"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "外患",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.