See 外患 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for 外患 meaning in Chinese (4.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "外患"
},
"expansion": "外患",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "外患",
"2": "がいかん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "外患(がいかん) (gaikan)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "외환(外患)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "外患",
"2": "がいかん",
"3": "외환",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "外患",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "外患",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "外患",
"v": "外患",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "がいかん",
"3": "외환"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "外患",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "external disaster",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "nèiyōuwàihuàn",
"word": "內憂外患"
},
{
"roman": "nèiyōuwàihuàn",
"word": "内忧外患"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foreign aggression; aggression from abroad"
],
"id": "en-外患-zh-noun-KT3hwO2W",
"links": [
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"aggression",
"aggression"
],
[
"abroad",
"abroad"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "wàiwǔ",
"word": "外侮"
},
{
"roman": "wàihuò",
"word": "外禍"
},
{
"roman": "wàihuò",
"word": "外祸"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ waan⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gōa-hoān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wai⁴-huan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wài-hwàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wayhuann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "вайхуань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "vajxuanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoih waahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ waan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ wan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gōa-hoān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "guā-huān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "goaxhoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngwajH hwaenH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s [ɡ]ˤro[n]-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ŋʷaːds ɡroːns/"
},
{
"ipa": "/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "[t]"
},
{
"other": "[ɡ]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*ŋʷaːds ɡroːns/"
}
],
"word": "外患"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "nèiyōuwàihuàn",
"word": "內憂外患"
},
{
"roman": "nèiyōuwàihuàn",
"word": "内忧外患"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "外患"
},
"expansion": "外患",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "外患",
"2": "がいかん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "外患(がいかん) (gaikan)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "외환(外患)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "外患",
"2": "がいかん",
"3": "외환",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "外患",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "外患",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "外患",
"v": "外患",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "がいかん",
"3": "외환"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (外患):\n* → Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)\n* → Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "外患",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "external disaster",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"foreign aggression; aggression from abroad"
],
"links": [
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"aggression",
"aggression"
],
[
"abroad",
"abroad"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ waan⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gōa-hoān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wàihuàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "wai⁴-huan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wài-hwàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "wayhuann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "вайхуань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "vajxuanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoih waahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ waan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoi⁶ wan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gōa-hoān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "guā-huān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "goaxhoan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngwajH hwaenH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s [ɡ]ˤro[n]-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ŋʷaːds ɡroːns/"
},
{
"ipa": "/waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "[t]"
},
{
"other": "[ɡ]"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*ŋʷaːds ɡroːns/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "wàiwǔ",
"word": "外侮"
},
{
"roman": "wàihuò",
"word": "外禍"
},
{
"roman": "wàihuò",
"word": "外祸"
}
],
"word": "外患"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"外患"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "外患",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"外患"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "外患",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"外患"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "外患",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"外患"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "外患",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.