See とし on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "the spirit or god of the year",
"roman": "Toshigami",
"ruby": [
[
"年",
"とし"
],
[
"神",
"がみ"
]
],
"word": "年神"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "toshi o toru",
"word": "年を取る: to pass New Years"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "to age"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨to₂si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨to₂si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "とし"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*təsi",
"sort": "とし"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *təsi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨to₂si⟩ → /tosi/ → /toɕi/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təsi. Originally referred to grain, particularly rice, and by extension, the year's harvest.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tosi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "とし",
"roman": "tosi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "とし"
},
"expansion": "とし • (toshi) ^(←とし (tosi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"grain, particularly rice"
],
"id": "en-とし-ja-noun-vJSlouV6",
"links": [
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"rice",
"rice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) grain, particularly rice"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a grain harvest, a grain crop"
],
"id": "en-とし-ja-noun-i7w7YZ5F",
"links": [
[
"harvest",
"harvest"
],
[
"crop",
"crop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a grain harvest, a grain crop"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a year"
],
"id": "en-とし-ja-noun-VFJriz2Z",
"links": [
[
"year",
"year"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"age"
],
"id": "en-とし-ja-noun-AT9UQAyC",
"links": [
[
"age",
"age"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 12 4 14 4 25 3 3 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 4 4 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 3 9 3 17 2 2 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 19 4 4 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 3 9 3 17 2 2 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 17 6 24 0 0 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 7 7 7 16 0 0 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "because one is no longer young",
"roman": "toshi nanode",
"ruby": [
[
"歳",
"とし"
]
],
"text": "歳なので",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to describe the age of someone who should not do things inappropriate for their age"
],
"id": "en-とし-ja-noun-H-s4PL0R",
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) used to describe the age of someone who should not do things inappropriate for their age"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "いいとし"
}
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "とし"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tō ni",
"word": "とうに"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tokku ni",
"word": "とっくに"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "都市",
"2": "杜詩",
"3": "妬視",
"4": "徒死"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ja-see-kango"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "toshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "とく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tokara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とかり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tokari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "とき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tokaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tokere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tokare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とからず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tokarazu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とけれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "tokeredo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "とければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tokereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とくば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tokuba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "とかりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tokariki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "とかりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tokarikeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "とく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "toku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"infl": "ku"
},
"expansion": "とし • (toshi) ^†-ku",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "と",
"2": "adj-ku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"redirects": [
"都市",
"杜詩",
"妬視",
"徒死"
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"利し, 鋭し: sharp"
],
"id": "en-とし-ja-adj-BJwsUU4M",
"links": [
[
"利し",
"利し#Japanese"
],
[
"鋭し",
"鋭し#Japanese"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"敏し, 聆し: smart, clever"
],
"id": "en-とし-ja-adj-v1D1GTkk",
"links": [
[
"敏し",
"敏し#Japanese"
],
[
"聆し",
"聆し#Japanese"
],
[
"smart",
"smart"
],
[
"clever",
"clever"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"疾し, 捷し: fast, quick"
],
"id": "en-とし-ja-adj-AJQWMHy1",
"links": [
[
"疾し",
"疾し#Japanese"
],
[
"捷し",
"捷し#Japanese"
],
[
"fast",
"fast"
],
[
"quick",
"quick"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"疾し, 鋭し: powerful, intense"
],
"id": "en-とし-ja-adj-rh6SJmMV",
"links": [
[
"疾し",
"疾し#Japanese"
],
[
"鋭し",
"鋭し#Japanese"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
],
[
"intense",
"intense"
]
]
}
],
"word": "とし"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese く-ku adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "the spirit or god of the year",
"roman": "Toshigami",
"ruby": [
[
"年",
"とし"
],
[
"神",
"がみ"
]
],
"word": "年神"
},
{
"roman": "toshi o toru",
"word": "年を取る: to pass New Years"
},
{
"word": "to age"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨to₂si⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨to₂si⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "とし"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*təsi",
"sort": "とし"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *təsi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨to₂si⟩ → /tosi/ → /toɕi/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təsi. Originally referred to grain, particularly rice, and by extension, the year's harvest.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tosi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "とし",
"roman": "tosi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "とし"
},
"expansion": "とし • (toshi) ^(←とし (tosi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"grain, particularly rice"
],
"links": [
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"rice",
"rice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) grain, particularly rice"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a grain harvest, a grain crop"
],
"links": [
[
"harvest",
"harvest"
],
[
"crop",
"crop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a grain harvest, a grain crop"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a year"
],
"links": [
[
"year",
"year"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"age"
],
"links": [
[
"age",
"age"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "because one is no longer young",
"roman": "toshi nanode",
"ruby": [
[
"歳",
"とし"
]
],
"text": "歳なので",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to describe the age of someone who should not do things inappropriate for their age"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) used to describe the age of someone who should not do things inappropriate for their age"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "いいとし"
}
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とし"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "とし"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese く-ku adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tō ni",
"word": "とうに"
},
{
"roman": "tokku ni",
"word": "とっくに"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "都市",
"2": "杜詩",
"3": "妬視",
"4": "徒死"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ja-see-kango"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "toshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "とく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とから",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tokara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とかり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tokari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とし",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tosi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "とき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とかる",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "toki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tokaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tokere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tokare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "とからず",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tokarazu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とけれど",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "tokeredo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "とければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tokereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とくば",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tokuba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "とかりき",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tokariki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "とかりけり",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tokarikeri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "とく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "toku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"infl": "ku"
},
"expansion": "とし • (toshi) ^†-ku",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "と",
"2": "adj-ku"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"redirects": [
"都市",
"杜詩",
"妬視",
"徒死"
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"利し, 鋭し: sharp"
],
"links": [
[
"利し",
"利し#Japanese"
],
[
"鋭し",
"鋭し#Japanese"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"敏し, 聆し: smart, clever"
],
"links": [
[
"敏し",
"敏し#Japanese"
],
[
"聆し",
"聆し#Japanese"
],
[
"smart",
"smart"
],
[
"clever",
"clever"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"疾し, 捷し: fast, quick"
],
"links": [
[
"疾し",
"疾し#Japanese"
],
[
"捷し",
"捷し#Japanese"
],
[
"fast",
"fast"
],
[
"quick",
"quick"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"疾し, 鋭し: powerful, intense"
],
"links": [
[
"疾し",
"疾し#Japanese"
],
[
"鋭し",
"鋭し#Japanese"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
],
[
"intense",
"intense"
]
]
}
],
"word": "とし"
}
Download raw JSONL data for とし meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"とし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "とし",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"とし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "とし",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"とし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "とし",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ^([1])Without auxiliary verb. ^([2])With auxiliary verb., style: text-align:left;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"とし"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "とし",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.