"پهلوی" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃",
        "sc": "Mani",
        "t": "Parthian",
        "ts": "pahlawīg"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃 (phlwʾnyg /⁠pahlawīg⁠/, “Parthian”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "peo",
        "3": "𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺",
        "t": "Parthia",
        "ts": "Parθavaʰ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /⁠Parθavaʰ⁠/, “Parthia”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "پهلو\n<t:ancient hero>",
        "3": "ـی"
      },
      "expansion": "پهلو (pahlav, “ancient hero”) + ـی (-i)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃 (phlwʾnyg /⁠pahlawīg⁠/, “Parthian”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /⁠Parθavaʰ⁠/, “Parthia”).\nIn the time of the Islamic conquest, Pahlawīg referred specifically to the Parthian language, as opposed to Pārsīg, literary Middle Persian, and Darīg, the vernacular descendant of Pārsīg which would become New Persian. But with the revival of Persian literature in the tenth century, both پارسی (pārsī) and دری (darī) came to refer to the same New Persian language written in Arabic script. As a result, Middle Persian was now also called پهلوی (pahlawī), which came to mean \"pre-Islamic language of Iran\". In practice, this usually refers to Middle Persian if without any further specification.\nپهلو (pahlaw, literally “Parthian (person)”) was also affected by this semantic shift, so that by surface analysis, the word is now پهلو (pahlav, “ancient hero”) + ـی (-i): the language of the pre-Islamic heroes.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pahlavi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "id": "",
        "tr": "pahlavi",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": "",
        "tr4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "پهلوی • (pahlavi)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "pahlavi"
      },
      "expansion": "پهلوی • (pahlavi)",
      "name": "fa-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 15 19 15 22 22 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 19 22 19 16 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـی",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Pahlavi script",
          "roman": "xatt-e pahlavi",
          "text": "خط پهلوی",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "He wrote an imperial book on it;\nIn those times, there was no script except for Pahlavi.",
          "ref": "c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Khusraw Nōshēnrawān”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:",
          "roman": "nibišt ō bar-ān nāma-yi xusrawī\nna-būd ān zamān xatt juz pahlawī",
          "text": "نبشت او بران نامهٔ خسروی\nنبود آن زمان خط جز پهلوی",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Middle Persian language",
        "the Pahlavi scripts, in which Middle Persian was written"
      ],
      "id": "en-پهلوی-fa-name-wrrsmT~L",
      "links": [
        [
          "Middle Persian",
          "Middle Persian"
        ],
        [
          "Pahlavi",
          "Pahlavi"
        ],
        [
          "script",
          "script"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "فارسی میانه"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 7 20 3 31 31 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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        {
          "_dis": "5 7 20 3 30 30 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 15 19 15 22 22 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 19 22 19 16 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـی",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "مثنوی معنوی مولوی هست قرآن در زبان پهلوی.\nmasnavi-ye ma'navi-ye mowlavi hast qor'ân dar zabân-e pahlavi.\nRumi's Spiritual Masnavi is the Quran in the Persian tongue.\n(a couplet attributed to the fifteenth-century poet Jami)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Even if I am Indian, I have, by force of talent,\nA claim to championship among those of Persian tongue.",
          "ref": "c. 1590, Fayzī, دیوان فیضی:",
          "roman": "gar hindī-am walēkin dāram ba zōr-i qudrat\nbā pahlawī zabānān da'wā-yi pahlawānī",
          "text": "گر هندیم ولیکن دارم بزور قدرت\nبا پهلوی زبانان دعوی پهلوانی",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Middle Persian language",
        "the New Persian language (emphasizing the language's prestigious history)"
      ],
      "id": "en-پهلوی-fa-name-CN3YIoGR",
      "links": [
        [
          "Middle Persian",
          "Middle Persian"
        ],
        [
          "New Persian",
          "New Persian"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "higher register",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "the Middle Persian language",
        "(obsolete, poetic, higher register) the New Persian language (emphasizing the language's prestigious history)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "فارسی میانه"
        },
        {
          "word": "پارسی"
        },
        {
          "word": "دری"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian terms with collocations",
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            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 15 19 15 22 22 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 19 22 19 16 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـی",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ادبیات پهلوی ― adabiyat-e pahlavi ― Middle Persian literature",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "The Kalīla was translated from Middle Persian to Arabic,\nIt is in this way that you hear it [recited] today.",
          "ref": "c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Khusraw Nōshēnrawān”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:",
          "roman": "kalīla ba tāzī šud az pahlawī\nbad-īn sān ki aknūn hamē-bišnawī",
          "text": "کلیله به تازی شد از پهلوی\nبدین سان که اکنون همیبشنوی",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Middle Persian language"
      ],
      "id": "en-پهلوی-fa-name-f3SzbReF",
      "links": [
        [
          "Middle Persian",
          "Middle Persian"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "فارسی میانه"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 7 20 3 31 31 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
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        {
          "_dis": "5 7 20 3 30 30 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 15 19 15 22 22 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 19 22 19 16 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـی",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Northwestern Iranian language:",
        "the Parthian language; usually پهلوی اشکانی (pahlavi-e aškâni, “Arsacid Pahlavi”) for disambiguation."
      ],
      "id": "en-پهلوی-fa-name-gOd9bxli",
      "links": [
        [
          "Parthian",
          "Parthian"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ],
        [
          "پهلوی اشکانی",
          "پهلوی اشکانی#Persian"
        ],
        [
          "Arsacid",
          "w:Arsacid"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "پارتی"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "fahlavi, “medieval NW Iranian vernacular dialects, especially in Jibal and Azarbaijan”",
          "word": "فهلوی"
        }
      ],
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        {
          "_dis": "5 7 20 3 31 31 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "5 7 20 3 30 30 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 15 19 15 22 22 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 19 22 19 16 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـی",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Its people are white-faced and resemble Turks, and most of them are of the Hanafi rite, and their language is an Arabized Northwestern Iranian. (The language described is Old Azeri.)",
          "ref": "c. 1340, Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī, نزهةالقلوب [Nuzhat al-Qulub]:",
          "roman": "mardum-aš safēd-čihra u turk-waš mē-bašand u bēštar bar mazhab-i hanafī mē-bašand u zabān-išān pahlawī-yi mu'arrab ast.",
          "text": "مردمش سفیدچهره و ترکوش میباشند و بیشتر بر مذهب حنفی میباشند و زبانشان پهلوی معرب است",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Northwestern Iranian language:",
        "Alternative form of فهلوی (fahlavi, “medieval NW Iranian vernacular dialects, especially in Jibal and Azarbaijan”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-پهلوی-fa-name-ZAb8Ay5B",
      "links": [
        [
          "فهلوی",
          "فهلوی#Persian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A Northwestern Iranian language:",
        "(obsolete) Alternative form of فهلوی (fahlavi, “medieval NW Iranian vernacular dialects, especially in Jibal and Azarbaijan”)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "رضا شاه پهلوی ― rezâ šâh-e pahlavi ― Reza Shah Pahlavi",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname, Pahlavi: the surname of the last shahs of Iran"
      ],
      "id": "en-پهلوی-fa-name-2k240LbK",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ],
        [
          "Pahlavi",
          "Pahlavi#English"
        ],
        [
          "shah",
          "shah"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pah.la.ˈwiː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰɑː.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰɔː.lä.wí]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰæɦ.læ.víː]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.ví]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Middle Persian",
    "New Persian",
    "Parthian language"
  ],
  "word": "پهلوی"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃",
        "sc": "Mani",
        "t": "Parthian",
        "ts": "pahlawīg"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃 (phlwʾnyg /⁠pahlawīg⁠/, “Parthian”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "peo",
        "3": "𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺",
        "t": "Parthia",
        "ts": "Parθavaʰ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /⁠Parθavaʰ⁠/, “Parthia”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "پهلو\n<t:ancient hero>",
        "3": "ـی"
      },
      "expansion": "پهلو (pahlav, “ancient hero”) + ـی (-i)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃 (phlwʾnyg /⁠pahlawīg⁠/, “Parthian”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /⁠Parθavaʰ⁠/, “Parthia”).\nIn the time of the Islamic conquest, Pahlawīg referred specifically to the Parthian language, as opposed to Pārsīg, literary Middle Persian, and Darīg, the vernacular descendant of Pārsīg which would become New Persian. But with the revival of Persian literature in the tenth century, both پارسی (pārsī) and دری (darī) came to refer to the same New Persian language written in Arabic script. As a result, Middle Persian was now also called پهلوی (pahlawī), which came to mean \"pre-Islamic language of Iran\". In practice, this usually refers to Middle Persian if without any further specification.\nپهلو (pahlaw, literally “Parthian (person)”) was also affected by this semantic shift, so that by surface analysis, the word is now پهلو (pahlav, “ancient hero”) + ـی (-i): the language of the pre-Islamic heroes.",
  "forms": [
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      "tags": [
        "romanization"
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    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "pahlavi"
      },
      "expansion": "پهلوی • (pahlavi)",
      "name": "fa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When they arrived near the realm of Iran,\nThey tore asunder all their pahlawī robes.",
          "ref": "c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Siyāwush”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:",
          "roman": "ču nazdīkī-yi šahr-i ērān rasīd\nhama jāma-yi pahlawī bardarīd",
          "text": "چو نزدیکی شهر ایران رسید\nهمه جامهٔ پهلوی بردرید",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ancient, pre-Islamic; of or relating to the age of the Iranian heroes before Islam"
      ],
      "id": "en-پهلوی-fa-adj-Z-moPByX",
      "links": [
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ],
        [
          "pre-",
          "pre-"
        ],
        [
          "Islamic",
          "Islamic"
        ],
        [
          "age",
          "age"
        ],
        [
          "Iranian",
          "Iranian"
        ],
        [
          "hero",
          "hero"
        ],
        [
          "Islam",
          "Islam"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) ancient, pre-Islamic; of or relating to the age of the Iranian heroes before Islam"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pah.la.ˈwiː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰɑː.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰɔː.lä.wí]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰæɦ.læ.víː]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.ví]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Middle Persian",
    "New Persian",
    "Parthian language"
  ],
  "word": "پهلوی"
}

{
  "categories": [
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    "Pages with entries",
    "Persian adjectives",
    "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Persian lemmas",
    "Persian proper nouns",
    "Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
    "Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
    "Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
    "Persian terms suffixed with ـی",
    "Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
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  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃",
        "sc": "Mani",
        "t": "Parthian",
        "ts": "pahlawīg"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃 (phlwʾnyg /⁠pahlawīg⁠/, “Parthian”)",
      "name": "inh"
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        "t": "Parthia",
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      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /⁠Parθavaʰ⁠/, “Parthia”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "پهلو\n<t:ancient hero>",
        "3": "ـی"
      },
      "expansion": "پهلو (pahlav, “ancient hero”) + ـی (-i)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃 (phlwʾnyg /⁠pahlawīg⁠/, “Parthian”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /⁠Parθavaʰ⁠/, “Parthia”).\nIn the time of the Islamic conquest, Pahlawīg referred specifically to the Parthian language, as opposed to Pārsīg, literary Middle Persian, and Darīg, the vernacular descendant of Pārsīg which would become New Persian. But with the revival of Persian literature in the tenth century, both پارسی (pārsī) and دری (darī) came to refer to the same New Persian language written in Arabic script. As a result, Middle Persian was now also called پهلوی (pahlawī), which came to mean \"pre-Islamic language of Iran\". In practice, this usually refers to Middle Persian if without any further specification.\nپهلو (pahlaw, literally “Parthian (person)”) was also affected by this semantic shift, so that by surface analysis, the word is now پهلو (pahlav, “ancient hero”) + ـی (-i): the language of the pre-Islamic heroes.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pahlavi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "id": "",
        "tr": "pahlavi",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": "",
        "tr4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "پهلوی • (pahlavi)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "pahlavi"
      },
      "expansion": "پهلوی • (pahlavi)",
      "name": "fa-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian terms with collocations",
        "Persian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Pahlavi script",
          "roman": "xatt-e pahlavi",
          "text": "خط پهلوی",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "He wrote an imperial book on it;\nIn those times, there was no script except for Pahlavi.",
          "ref": "c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Khusraw Nōshēnrawān”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:",
          "roman": "nibišt ō bar-ān nāma-yi xusrawī\nna-būd ān zamān xatt juz pahlawī",
          "text": "نبشت او بران نامهٔ خسروی\nنبود آن زمان خط جز پهلوی",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Middle Persian language",
        "the Pahlavi scripts, in which Middle Persian was written"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Middle Persian",
          "Middle Persian"
        ],
        [
          "Pahlavi",
          "Pahlavi"
        ],
        [
          "script",
          "script"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "فارسی میانه"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian higher register terms",
        "Persian poetic terms",
        "Persian terms with collocations",
        "Persian terms with obsolete senses",
        "Persian terms with quotations",
        "Persian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "مثنوی معنوی مولوی هست قرآن در زبان پهلوی.\nmasnavi-ye ma'navi-ye mowlavi hast qor'ân dar zabân-e pahlavi.\nRumi's Spiritual Masnavi is the Quran in the Persian tongue.\n(a couplet attributed to the fifteenth-century poet Jami)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Even if I am Indian, I have, by force of talent,\nA claim to championship among those of Persian tongue.",
          "ref": "c. 1590, Fayzī, دیوان فیضی:",
          "roman": "gar hindī-am walēkin dāram ba zōr-i qudrat\nbā pahlawī zabānān da'wā-yi pahlawānī",
          "text": "گر هندیم ولیکن دارم بزور قدرت\nبا پهلوی زبانان دعوی پهلوانی",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Middle Persian language",
        "the New Persian language (emphasizing the language's prestigious history)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Middle Persian",
          "Middle Persian"
        ],
        [
          "New Persian",
          "New Persian"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "higher register",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "the Middle Persian language",
        "(obsolete, poetic, higher register) the New Persian language (emphasizing the language's prestigious history)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "فارسی میانه"
        },
        {
          "word": "پارسی"
        },
        {
          "word": "دری"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian terms with collocations",
        "Persian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ادبیات پهلوی ― adabiyat-e pahlavi ― Middle Persian literature",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "The Kalīla was translated from Middle Persian to Arabic,\nIt is in this way that you hear it [recited] today.",
          "ref": "c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Reign of Khusraw Nōshēnrawān”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:",
          "roman": "kalīla ba tāzī šud az pahlawī\nbad-īn sān ki aknūn hamē-bišnawī",
          "text": "کلیله به تازی شد از پهلوی\nبدین سان که اکنون همیبشنوی",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Middle Persian language"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Middle Persian",
          "Middle Persian"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "فارسی میانه"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A Northwestern Iranian language:",
        "the Parthian language; usually پهلوی اشکانی (pahlavi-e aškâni, “Arsacid Pahlavi”) for disambiguation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Parthian",
          "Parthian"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ],
        [
          "پهلوی اشکانی",
          "پهلوی اشکانی#Persian"
        ],
        [
          "Arsacid",
          "w:Arsacid"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "پارتی"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "fahlavi, “medieval NW Iranian vernacular dialects, especially in Jibal and Azarbaijan”",
          "word": "فهلوی"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Persian terms with obsolete senses",
        "Persian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Its people are white-faced and resemble Turks, and most of them are of the Hanafi rite, and their language is an Arabized Northwestern Iranian. (The language described is Old Azeri.)",
          "ref": "c. 1340, Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī, نزهةالقلوب [Nuzhat al-Qulub]:",
          "roman": "mardum-aš safēd-čihra u turk-waš mē-bašand u bēštar bar mazhab-i hanafī mē-bašand u zabān-išān pahlawī-yi mu'arrab ast.",
          "text": "مردمش سفیدچهره و ترکوش میباشند و بیشتر بر مذهب حنفی میباشند و زبانشان پهلوی معرب است",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A Northwestern Iranian language:",
        "Alternative form of فهلوی (fahlavi, “medieval NW Iranian vernacular dialects, especially in Jibal and Azarbaijan”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "فهلوی",
          "فهلوی#Persian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A Northwestern Iranian language:",
        "(obsolete) Alternative form of فهلوی (fahlavi, “medieval NW Iranian vernacular dialects, especially in Jibal and Azarbaijan”)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian surnames",
        "Persian terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "رضا شاه پهلوی ― rezâ šâh-e pahlavi ― Reza Shah Pahlavi",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname, Pahlavi: the surname of the last shahs of Iran"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ],
        [
          "Pahlavi",
          "Pahlavi#English"
        ],
        [
          "shah",
          "shah"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pah.la.ˈwiː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰɑː.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰɔː.lä.wí]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰæɦ.læ.víː]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.ví]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Middle Persian",
    "New Persian",
    "Parthian language"
  ],
  "word": "پهلوی"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Persian adjectives",
    "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Persian lemmas",
    "Persian proper nouns",
    "Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
    "Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
    "Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
    "Persian terms suffixed with ـی",
    "Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃",
        "sc": "Mani",
        "t": "Parthian",
        "ts": "pahlawīg"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃 (phlwʾnyg /⁠pahlawīg⁠/, “Parthian”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "peo",
        "3": "𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺",
        "t": "Parthia",
        "ts": "Parθavaʰ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /⁠Parθavaʰ⁠/, “Parthia”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "پهلو\n<t:ancient hero>",
        "3": "ـی"
      },
      "expansion": "پهلو (pahlav, “ancient hero”) + ـی (-i)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐫛𐫍𐫓𐫇𐫀𐫗𐫏𐫃 (phlwʾnyg /⁠pahlawīg⁠/, “Parthian”), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 (p-r-θ-v /⁠Parθavaʰ⁠/, “Parthia”).\nIn the time of the Islamic conquest, Pahlawīg referred specifically to the Parthian language, as opposed to Pārsīg, literary Middle Persian, and Darīg, the vernacular descendant of Pārsīg which would become New Persian. But with the revival of Persian literature in the tenth century, both پارسی (pārsī) and دری (darī) came to refer to the same New Persian language written in Arabic script. As a result, Middle Persian was now also called پهلوی (pahlawī), which came to mean \"pre-Islamic language of Iran\". In practice, this usually refers to Middle Persian if without any further specification.\nپهلو (pahlaw, literally “Parthian (person)”) was also affected by this semantic shift, so that by surface analysis, the word is now پهلو (pahlav, “ancient hero”) + ـی (-i): the language of the pre-Islamic heroes.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pahlavi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "pahlavi"
      },
      "expansion": "پهلوی • (pahlavi)",
      "name": "fa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian terms with archaic senses",
        "Persian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When they arrived near the realm of Iran,\nThey tore asunder all their pahlawī robes.",
          "ref": "c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Siyāwush”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:",
          "roman": "ču nazdīkī-yi šahr-i ērān rasīd\nhama jāma-yi pahlawī bardarīd",
          "text": "چو نزدیکی شهر ایران رسید\nهمه جامهٔ پهلوی بردرید",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ancient, pre-Islamic; of or relating to the age of the Iranian heroes before Islam"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ],
        [
          "pre-",
          "pre-"
        ],
        [
          "Islamic",
          "Islamic"
        ],
        [
          "age",
          "age"
        ],
        [
          "Iranian",
          "Iranian"
        ],
        [
          "hero",
          "hero"
        ],
        [
          "Islam",
          "Islam"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) ancient, pre-Islamic; of or relating to the age of the Iranian heroes before Islam"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pah.la.ˈwiː]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰɑː.lä.wíː]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰɔː.lä.wí]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰæɦ.læ.víː]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pʰäɦ.lä.ví]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Middle Persian",
    "New Persian",
    "Parthian language"
  ],
  "word": "پهلوی"
}

{
  "called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
  "msg": "''the Middle Persian language'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
  "path": [
    "پهلوی"
  ],
  "section": "Persian",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "پهلوی",
  "trace": ""
}