See شیشه on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "beer bottle",
"roman": "bira şişesi",
"word": "بیرا شیشهسی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "cupping glass",
"roman": "hacâmet şişesi",
"word": "حجامت شیشهسی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "wine bottle",
"roman": "şarab şişesi",
"word": "شراب شیشهسی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to blow glass",
"roman": "şişe üflemek",
"word": "شیشه افلهمك"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to cup using a cupping glass",
"roman": "şişe çekmek",
"word": "شیشه چكمك"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "to apply cupping glass",
"roman": "şişe yapıştırmak",
"word": "شیشه یاپشدرمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "an athlete who plays with thin glass bottles",
"roman": "şişebaz",
"word": "شیشهباز"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "glassblower",
"roman": "şişeci",
"word": "شیشهجی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "glassblowing works",
"roman": "şişehane",
"word": "شیشهخانه"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "a cupping glass applied dry",
"roman": "kuru şişe",
"word": "قورو شیشه"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "şişe"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: şişe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: şişe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "շիշէ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: շիշէ (šišē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: շիշէ (šišē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shishe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: shishe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: shishe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "şişe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Crimean Tatar: şişe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Crimean Tatar: şişe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "шише́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: шише́ (šišé)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: шише́ (šišé)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σισές",
"3": "σισέ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: σισές (sisés), σισέ (sisé)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: σισές (sisés), σισέ (sisé)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arz",
"2": "شیشه",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "→ Egyptian Arabic: شیشه (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Egyptian Arabic: شیشه (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shisha",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: shisha, sheesha, shishah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: shisha, sheesha, shishah"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schischa",
"3": "Shisha",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Schischa, Shisha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Schischa, Shisha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Schischa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Low German: Schischa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Low German: Schischa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "afb",
"2": "شيشة",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "→ Gulf Arabic: شيشة (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gulf Arabic: شيشة (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acw",
"2": "شيشة",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "→ Hijazi Arabic: شيشة (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hijazi Arabic: شيشة (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ayl",
"2": "شيشة",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "→ Libyan Arabic: شيشة (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Libyan Arabic: شيشة (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "шише",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: шише (šiše)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: шише (šiše)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "شیشه",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish شیشه",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "شیشه"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish شیشه",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "شیشه",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian شیشه (šīša)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"gloss": "bottle, flask",
"tr": "šyšk'",
"ts": "šīšag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (šyšk' /šīšag/, “bottle, flask”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish شیشه, from Classical Persian شیشه (šīša), ultimately from Middle Persian [script needed] (šyšk' /šīšag/, “bottle, flask”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "şişe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "شیشهیی",
"roman": "şişeyi",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "شیشهلر",
"roman": "şişeler",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "شیشهیی",
"5": "plural",
"6": "شیشهلر",
"f1tr": "şişeyi",
"f2tr": "şişeler",
"tr": "şişe"
},
"expansion": "شیشه • (şişe) (definite accusative شیشهیی (şişeyi), plural شیشهلر (şişeler))",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 31 5 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Vessels",
"orig": "ota:Vessels",
"parents": [
"Containers",
"Liquids",
"Tools",
"Matter",
"Technology",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bottle, a container made of blown glass used primarily for holding liquids"
],
"id": "en-شیشه-ota-noun-E84dlMTz",
"links": [
[
"bottle",
"bottle"
],
[
"container",
"container"
],
[
"blown glass",
"blown glass"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 53 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ottoman Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 49 4 4 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 52 2 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 50 2 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ota",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "ota:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"blown glass, glass that has been shaped by a glassblower"
],
"id": "en-شیشه-ota-noun-cVGkjhSn",
"links": [
[
"blown glass",
"blown glass"
],
[
"glass",
"glass"
],
[
"glassblower",
"glassblower"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) blown glass, glass that has been shaped by a glassblower"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chimney, the glass flue or cover surrounding the flames of an oil lamp"
],
"id": "en-شیشه-ota-noun-eV9nGgpA",
"links": [
[
"chimney",
"chimney"
],
[
"flue",
"flue"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"flame",
"flame"
],
[
"oil lamp",
"oil lamp"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cupping glass, cupping jar, scarificator, a glass vessel used in cupping"
],
"id": "en-شیشه-ota-noun-Y-Vwnx0r",
"links": [
[
"cupping glass",
"cupping glass"
],
[
"cupping jar",
"cupping jar"
],
[
"scarificator",
"scarificator"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"cupping",
"cupping"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "حجامت شیشهسی"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "şişe",
"word": "շիշէ — Armeno-Turkish"
}
],
"word": "شیشه"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "magician; trickster",
"roman": "šiše bâz",
"word": "شیشه باز"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "glazier",
"roman": "šiše bor",
"word": "شیشه بر"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "timid; glass-soul",
"roman": "šiše jân",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "شیشه جان"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "stained glass",
"roman": "šiše-ye rangi",
"word": "شیشه رنگی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "glassy",
"roman": "šiše-yi",
"word": "شیشهای"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "glassblower",
"roman": "šiše-gar",
"word": "شیشهگر"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "շիշայ",
"3": "շուշայ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: շիշայ (šišay), շուշայ (šušay)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Armenian: շիշայ (šišay), շուշայ (šušay)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "շիշա",
"3": "շուշա"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: շիշա (šiša), շուշա (šuša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: շիշա (šiša), շուշա (šuša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "შუშა",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: შუშა (šuša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: შუშა (šuša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "शीशा"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: शीशा (śīśā)\n→ Telugu: సీసా (sīsā)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: शीशा (śīśā)\n→ Telugu: సీసా (sīsā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "شیشہ",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: شیشہ (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: شیشہ (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "சீசா"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: சீசா (cīcā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: சீசா (cīcā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "शीशी",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: शीशी (śīśī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: शीशी (śīśī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Punjabi:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "شیشہ",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "Shahmukhi script: شیشہ (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmukhi script: شیشہ (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "шише"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: шише (šiše)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: шише (šiše)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "şüşə"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: şüşə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: şüşə"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "шешә",
"3": "шишә"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: шешә (şeşə), шишә (şişə)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: шешә (şeşə), шишә (şişə)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "шиша"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: шиша (şişa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: шиша (şişa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "шише"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: шише (şişe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: шише (şişe)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "сисе"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: сисе (sise)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: сисе (sise)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "шешә",
"3": "шиша"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: шешә (şeşä), шиша (şişa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: шешә (şeşä), шиша (şişa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "шиша",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Eastern Mari: шиша (šiša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Eastern Mari: шиша (šiša)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "شیشه",
"tr": "şişe"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: شیشه (şişe), շիշէ (şişe) — Armeno-Turkish\nTurkish: şişe\n→ Armenian: շիշէ (šišē)\n→ Albanian: shishe\n→ Crimean Tatar: şişe\n→ Bulgarian: шише́ (šišé)\n→ Greek: σισές (sisés), σισέ (sisé)\n→ Egyptian Arabic: شیشه (šīša)\n→ English: shisha, sheesha, shishah\n→ German: Schischa, Shisha\n→ Low German: Schischa\n→ Gulf Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Hijazi Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Libyan Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Macedonian: шише (šiše)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: شیشه (şişe), շիշէ (şişe) — Armeno-Turkish\nTurkish: şişe\n→ Armenian: շիշէ (šišē)\n→ Albanian: shishe\n→ Crimean Tatar: şişe\n→ Bulgarian: шише́ (šišé)\n→ Greek: σισές (sisés), σισέ (sisé)\n→ Egyptian Arabic: شیشه (šīša)\n→ English: shisha, sheesha, shishah\n→ German: Schischa, Shisha\n→ Low German: Schischa\n→ Gulf Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Hijazi Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Libyan Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Macedonian: шише (šiše)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "شېشە",
"3": "шишә"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: شېشە (shëshe), шишә (shishe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: شېشە (shëshe), шишә (shishe)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "shisha"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: shisha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: shisha"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"gloss": "bottle, flask",
"tr": "šyšk'",
"ts": "šīšag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (šyšk' /šīšag/, “bottle, flask”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "շիշ",
"t": "bottle"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian շիշ (šiš, “bottle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "sem"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hbo",
"2": "שַׁיִשׁ",
"t": "alabaster; marble",
"tr": "šayiš"
},
"expansion": "Biblical Hebrew שַׁיִשׁ (šayiš, “alabaster; marble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܫܝܫܐ",
"t": "marble",
"tr": "šēšā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܫܝܫܐ (šēšā, “marble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "šs",
"3": "<hiero>S-s-V6:W3</hiero>",
"t": "alabaster",
"tr": "šs"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian S-s-V6:W3 (šs, “alabaster”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian [script needed] (šyšk' /šīšag/, “bottle, flask”), seemingly from *šīš (compare Old Armenian շիշ (šiš, “bottle”), an Iranian borrowing) + common suffix -ag, probably ultimately from Semitic. Compare Biblical Hebrew שַׁיִשׁ (šayiš, “alabaster; marble”), Classical Syriac ܫܝܫܐ (šēšā, “marble”), Egyptian S-s-V6:W3 (šs, “alabaster”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "šiše",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "šiše",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "شیشه • (šiše)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "šiše"
},
"expansion": "شیشه • (šiše)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He broke the glass. (Iran, literary)",
"roman": "vey šiše râ šekast.",
"text": "وی شیشه را شکست.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He broke the glass. (Iran, colloquial)",
"roman": "un šiša ro šekast.",
"text": "اون شیشه رو شکست.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "شِیشهٔ دِلَم، اَی خُدا، زیرِ سَنگ آمَده.\nšīša-yi dilam, ay xudā, zēr-i sang āmada.\nThe glass of my heart, o God, comes under the stone.\n(Dari, literary)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"glass"
],
"id": "en-شیشه-fa-noun-EyoaORzO",
"links": [
[
"glass",
"glass"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Said the squint-eyed one: “Which of the two bottles shall I bring to you? Explain fully.”",
"ref": "c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 328:",
"roman": "guft ahwal z-ān du šīša man kudām\npēš-i tu āram bikun šarh-i tamām",
"text": "گفت احول ز ان دو شیشه من کدام\nپیش تو آرم بکن شرح تمام",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bottle; flask (of glass)"
],
"id": "en-شیشه-fa-noun-H9aZpRE4",
"links": [
[
"bottle",
"bottle"
],
[
"flask",
"flask"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʃiː.ʃa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃiː.ʃä]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃiː.ʃä]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃiː.ʃä]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃi.ʃä]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃiː.ʃe]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃi.ʃä]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9168 (fas)-Afsham23-شیشه.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Afsham23-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Afsham23-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Afsham23-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Afsham23-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "شیشه"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ottoman Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Ottoman Turkish lemmas",
"Ottoman Turkish nouns",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Ottoman Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms",
"ota:Medicine",
"ota:Vessels"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "beer bottle",
"roman": "bira şişesi",
"word": "بیرا شیشهسی"
},
{
"english": "cupping glass",
"roman": "hacâmet şişesi",
"word": "حجامت شیشهسی"
},
{
"english": "wine bottle",
"roman": "şarab şişesi",
"word": "شراب شیشهسی"
},
{
"english": "to blow glass",
"roman": "şişe üflemek",
"word": "شیشه افلهمك"
},
{
"english": "to cup using a cupping glass",
"roman": "şişe çekmek",
"word": "شیشه چكمك"
},
{
"english": "to apply cupping glass",
"roman": "şişe yapıştırmak",
"word": "شیشه یاپشدرمق"
},
{
"english": "an athlete who plays with thin glass bottles",
"roman": "şişebaz",
"word": "شیشهباز"
},
{
"english": "glassblower",
"roman": "şişeci",
"word": "شیشهجی"
},
{
"english": "glassblowing works",
"roman": "şişehane",
"word": "شیشهخانه"
},
{
"english": "a cupping glass applied dry",
"roman": "kuru şişe",
"word": "قورو شیشه"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "şişe"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: şişe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: şişe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "շիշէ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: շիշէ (šišē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: շիշէ (šišē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shishe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: shishe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: shishe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "şişe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Crimean Tatar: şişe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Crimean Tatar: şişe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "шише́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: шише́ (šišé)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: шише́ (šišé)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σισές",
"3": "σισέ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: σισές (sisés), σισέ (sisé)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: σισές (sisés), σισέ (sisé)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arz",
"2": "شیشه",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "→ Egyptian Arabic: شیشه (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Egyptian Arabic: شیشه (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shisha",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: shisha, sheesha, shishah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: shisha, sheesha, shishah"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schischa",
"3": "Shisha",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Schischa, Shisha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Schischa, Shisha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Schischa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Low German: Schischa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Low German: Schischa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "afb",
"2": "شيشة",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "→ Gulf Arabic: شيشة (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gulf Arabic: شيشة (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acw",
"2": "شيشة",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "→ Hijazi Arabic: شيشة (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hijazi Arabic: شيشة (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ayl",
"2": "شيشة",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "→ Libyan Arabic: شيشة (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Libyan Arabic: شيشة (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "шише",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: шише (šiše)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: шише (šiše)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "شیشه",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish شیشه",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "شیشه"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish شیشه",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "شیشه",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian شیشه (šīša)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"gloss": "bottle, flask",
"tr": "šyšk'",
"ts": "šīšag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (šyšk' /šīšag/, “bottle, flask”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish شیشه, from Classical Persian شیشه (šīša), ultimately from Middle Persian [script needed] (šyšk' /šīšag/, “bottle, flask”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "şişe",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "شیشهیی",
"roman": "şişeyi",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "شیشهلر",
"roman": "şişeler",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "شیشهیی",
"5": "plural",
"6": "شیشهلر",
"f1tr": "şişeyi",
"f2tr": "şişeler",
"tr": "şişe"
},
"expansion": "شیشه • (şişe) (definite accusative شیشهیی (şişeyi), plural شیشهلر (şişeler))",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bottle, a container made of blown glass used primarily for holding liquids"
],
"links": [
[
"bottle",
"bottle"
],
[
"container",
"container"
],
[
"blown glass",
"blown glass"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"blown glass, glass that has been shaped by a glassblower"
],
"links": [
[
"blown glass",
"blown glass"
],
[
"glass",
"glass"
],
[
"glassblower",
"glassblower"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) blown glass, glass that has been shaped by a glassblower"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chimney, the glass flue or cover surrounding the flames of an oil lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"chimney",
"chimney"
],
[
"flue",
"flue"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"flame",
"flame"
],
[
"oil lamp",
"oil lamp"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cupping glass, cupping jar, scarificator, a glass vessel used in cupping"
],
"links": [
[
"cupping glass",
"cupping glass"
],
[
"cupping jar",
"cupping jar"
],
[
"scarificator",
"scarificator"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"cupping",
"cupping"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "حجامت شیشهسی"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "şişe",
"word": "շիշէ — Armeno-Turkish"
}
],
"word": "شیشه"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Semitic languages",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "magician; trickster",
"roman": "šiše bâz",
"word": "شیشه باز"
},
{
"english": "glazier",
"roman": "šiše bor",
"word": "شیشه بر"
},
{
"english": "timid; glass-soul",
"roman": "šiše jân",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "شیشه جان"
},
{
"english": "stained glass",
"roman": "šiše-ye rangi",
"word": "شیشه رنگی"
},
{
"english": "glassy",
"roman": "šiše-yi",
"word": "شیشهای"
},
{
"english": "glassblower",
"roman": "šiše-gar",
"word": "شیشهگر"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "axm",
"2": "շիշայ",
"3": "շուշայ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: շիշայ (šišay), շուշայ (šušay)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Armenian: շիշայ (šišay), շուշայ (šušay)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "շիշա",
"3": "շուշա"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: շիշա (šiša), շուշա (šuša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: շիշա (šiša), շուշա (šuša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "შუშა",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: შუშა (šuša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: შუშა (šuša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "शीशा"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: शीशा (śīśā)\n→ Telugu: సీసా (sīsā)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: शीशा (śīśā)\n→ Telugu: సీసా (sīsā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "شیشہ",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: شیشہ (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: شیشہ (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "சீசா"
},
"expansion": "Tamil: சீசா (cīcā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tamil: சீசா (cīcā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "शीशी",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: शीशी (śīśī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: शीशी (śīśī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Punjabi:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ੀਸ਼ਾ (śīśā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "شیشہ",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "šīša"
},
"expansion": "Shahmukhi script: شیشہ (šīša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shahmukhi script: شیشہ (šīša)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "шише"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: шише (šiše)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: шише (šiše)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "şüşə"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: şüşə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: şüşə"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "шешә",
"3": "шишә"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: шешә (şeşə), шишә (şişə)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: шешә (şeşə), шишә (şişə)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "шиша"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: шиша (şişa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: шиша (şişa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "шише"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: шише (şişe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: шише (şişe)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "сисе"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: сисе (sise)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: сисе (sise)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "шешә",
"3": "шиша"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: шешә (şeşä), шиша (şişa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: шешә (şeşä), шиша (şişa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "шиша",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Eastern Mari: шиша (šiša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Eastern Mari: шиша (šiša)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "شیشه",
"tr": "şişe"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: شیشه (şişe), շիշէ (şişe) — Armeno-Turkish\nTurkish: şişe\n→ Armenian: շիշէ (šišē)\n→ Albanian: shishe\n→ Crimean Tatar: şişe\n→ Bulgarian: шише́ (šišé)\n→ Greek: σισές (sisés), σισέ (sisé)\n→ Egyptian Arabic: شیشه (šīša)\n→ English: shisha, sheesha, shishah\n→ German: Schischa, Shisha\n→ Low German: Schischa\n→ Gulf Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Hijazi Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Libyan Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Macedonian: шише (šiše)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: شیشه (şişe), շիշէ (şişe) — Armeno-Turkish\nTurkish: şişe\n→ Armenian: շիշէ (šišē)\n→ Albanian: shishe\n→ Crimean Tatar: şişe\n→ Bulgarian: шише́ (šišé)\n→ Greek: σισές (sisés), σισέ (sisé)\n→ Egyptian Arabic: شیشه (šīša)\n→ English: shisha, sheesha, shishah\n→ German: Schischa, Shisha\n→ Low German: Schischa\n→ Gulf Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Hijazi Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Libyan Arabic: شيشة (šīša)\n→ Macedonian: шише (šiše)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "شېشە",
"3": "шишә"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: شېشە (shëshe), шишә (shishe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: شېشە (shëshe), шишә (shishe)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "shisha"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: shisha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: shisha"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"gloss": "bottle, flask",
"tr": "šyšk'",
"ts": "šīšag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (šyšk' /šīšag/, “bottle, flask”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "շիշ",
"t": "bottle"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian շիշ (šiš, “bottle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "sem"
},
"expansion": "Semitic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hbo",
"2": "שַׁיִשׁ",
"t": "alabaster; marble",
"tr": "šayiš"
},
"expansion": "Biblical Hebrew שַׁיִשׁ (šayiš, “alabaster; marble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܫܝܫܐ",
"t": "marble",
"tr": "šēšā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܫܝܫܐ (šēšā, “marble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "šs",
"3": "<hiero>S-s-V6:W3</hiero>",
"t": "alabaster",
"tr": "šs"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian S-s-V6:W3 (šs, “alabaster”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian [script needed] (šyšk' /šīšag/, “bottle, flask”), seemingly from *šīš (compare Old Armenian շիշ (šiš, “bottle”), an Iranian borrowing) + common suffix -ag, probably ultimately from Semitic. Compare Biblical Hebrew שַׁיִשׁ (šayiš, “alabaster; marble”), Classical Syriac ܫܝܫܐ (šēšā, “marble”), Egyptian S-s-V6:W3 (šs, “alabaster”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "šiše",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "šiše",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "شیشه • (šiše)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "šiše"
},
"expansion": "شیشه • (šiše)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He broke the glass. (Iran, literary)",
"roman": "vey šiše râ šekast.",
"text": "وی شیشه را شکست.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He broke the glass. (Iran, colloquial)",
"roman": "un šiša ro šekast.",
"text": "اون شیشه رو شکست.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "شِیشهٔ دِلَم، اَی خُدا، زیرِ سَنگ آمَده.\nšīša-yi dilam, ay xudā, zēr-i sang āmada.\nThe glass of my heart, o God, comes under the stone.\n(Dari, literary)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"glass"
],
"links": [
[
"glass",
"glass"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Said the squint-eyed one: “Which of the two bottles shall I bring to you? Explain fully.”",
"ref": "c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 328:",
"roman": "guft ahwal z-ān du šīša man kudām\npēš-i tu āram bikun šarh-i tamām",
"text": "گفت احول ز ان دو شیشه من کدام\nپیش تو آرم بکن شرح تمام",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bottle; flask (of glass)"
],
"links": [
[
"bottle",
"bottle"
],
[
"flask",
"flask"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʃiː.ʃa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃiː.ʃä]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃiː.ʃä]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃiː.ʃä]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃi.ʃä]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃiː.ʃe]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃi.ʃä]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9168 (fas)-Afsham23-شیشه.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Afsham23-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Afsham23-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Afsham23-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Afsham23-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "شیشه"
}
Download raw JSONL data for شیشه meaning in All languages combined (16.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.