"իշխան" meaning in All languages combined

See իշխան on Wiktionary

Noun [Armenian]

IPA: /iʃˈχɑn/ [Eastern-Armenian], [iʃχɑ́n] [Eastern-Armenian], /iʃˈχɑn/ [Western-Armenian], [iʃχɑ́n] [Western-Armenian]
Etymology: Inherited from Old Armenian իշխան (išxan). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|hy|xcl|իշխան|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Armenian իշխան (išxan), {{inh+|hy|xcl|իշխան}} Inherited from Old Armenian իշխան (išxan) Head templates: {{head|hy|noun|||||||cat2=|g=|head=|id=}} իշխան • (išxan), {{hy-noun}} իշխան • (išxan) Inflection templates: {{hy-decl-noun|իշխան|11=իշխանին|11s=իշխաններիցս|13=իշխանների|13s=իշխանովս|15=իշխաններին|15s=իշխաններովս|17=իշխանից|17s=—|19=իշխաններից|19s=—|1s=իշխանս|21=իշխանով|21s=իշխանդ|23=իշխաններով|23s=իշխաններդ|25=—|25s=իշխանիդ|27=—|27s=իշխաններիդ|29s=իշխանիցդ|3=իշխանը/իշխանն|31s=իշխաններիցդ|33s=իշխանովդ|35s=իշխաններովդ|37s=—|39s=—|3s=իշխաններս|5=իշխաններ|5s=իշխանիս|7=իշխանները/իշխաններն|7s=իշխաններիս|9=իշխանի|9s=իշխանիցս|n=|note=|stem=i-type, animate}} Forms: išxan [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], իշխան [nominative, singular], իշխաններ [nominative, plural], իշխանի [dative, singular], իշխանների [dative, plural], իշխանից [ablative, singular], իշխաններից [ablative, plural], իշխանով [instrumental, singular], իշխաններով [instrumental, plural], - [locative, singular], - [locative, plural], իշխանը [definite, nominative, singular], իշխանն [definite, nominative, singular], իշխանները [definite, nominative, plural], իշխաններն [definite, nominative, plural], իշխանին [dative, definite, singular], իշխաններին [dative, definite, plural], իշխանս [first-person, nominative, possessive, singular], իշխաններս [first-person, nominative, plural, possessive], իշխանիս [dative, first-person, possessive, singular], իշխաններիս [dative, first-person, plural, possessive], իշխանիցս [ablative, first-person, possessive, singular], իշխաններիցս [ablative, first-person, plural, possessive], իշխանովս [first-person, instrumental, possessive, singular], իշխաններովս [first-person, instrumental, plural, possessive], - [first-person, locative, possessive, singular], - [first-person, locative, plural, possessive], իշխանդ [nominative, possessive, second-person, singular], իշխաններդ [nominative, plural, possessive, second-person], իշխանիդ [dative, possessive, second-person, singular], իշխաններիդ [dative, plural, possessive, second-person], իշխանիցդ [ablative, possessive, second-person, singular], իշխաններիցդ [ablative, plural, possessive, second-person], իշխանովդ [instrumental, possessive, second-person, singular], իշխաններովդ [instrumental, plural, possessive, second-person], - [locative, possessive, second-person, singular], - [locative, plural, possessive, second-person]
  1. prince, ruler, ishkhan
    Sense id: en-իշխան-hy-noun-K8D3MKfR
  2. Sevan trout, Salmo ischchan Categories (topical): Nobility, Titles Categories (lifeform): Fruits, Prunus genus plants, Salmonids
    Sense id: en-իշխան-hy-noun-~XPtP~sq Disambiguation of Nobility: 6 88 6 Disambiguation of Titles: 3 94 3 Disambiguation of Fruits: 2 87 11 Disambiguation of Prunus genus plants: 2 92 6 Disambiguation of Salmonids: 2 96 2 Categories (other): Armenian entries with incorrect language header, Armenian links with redundant wikilinks, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Armenian entries with incorrect language header: 1 98 1 Disambiguation of Armenian links with redundant wikilinks: 1 97 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 2 96 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 98 1
  3. (Ardanuç) a variety of plum
    Sense id: en-իշխան-hy-noun-1EKtBKGu Categories (other): Ardanuç Armenian
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: գերիշխան (gerišxan)

Noun [Old Armenian]

Etymology: Borrowed from a Middle Iranian descendant of Old Iranian *xšāna-, with a prothetic vowel and metathesis; ultimately from Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”). Among the cognates compare especially Sogdian [script needed] (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/), [script needed] (ʾγšywny /⁠(ə)xšēwanē⁠/), [script needed] (ʾxšywn(y) /⁠əxšēwanē⁠/, “king”), further also Manichaean Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”). Related to իշխեմ (išxem, “to rule”). Etymology templates: {{bor|xcl|ira-mid}} Middle Iranian, {{der|xcl|ira-old}} Old Iranian, {{cog|ira-pro|*xšaH-|t=to rule, be lord of}} Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”), {{cog|sog|tr=ʾγšʾwʾn|ts=(ə)xšāwan}} Sogdian [script needed] (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/), {{cog|xpr|𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅|sc=Mani|t=prince|ts=axšēnd}} Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”) Head templates: {{head|xcl|noun|cat2=|g=|head=}} իշխան • (išxan), {{xcl-noun}} իշխան • (išxan) Inflection templates: {{xcl-decl-noun|իշխան|11=իշխանաց|13=իշխան|15=իշխանս|17=իշխանէ|19=իշխանաց|21=իշխանաւ|23=իշխանաւք = իշխանօք|25=իշխանի|27=իշխանս|3=իշխանք|5=իշխանի|7=իշխանաց|9=իշխանի|note=|type=i-a-type}} Forms: išxan [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], իշխան [nominative, singular], իշխանք [nominative, plural], իշխանի [genitive, singular], իշխանաց [genitive, plural], իշխանի [dative, singular], իշխանաց [dative, plural], իշխան [accusative, singular], իշխանս [accusative, plural], իշխանէ [ablative, singular], իշխանաց [ablative, plural], իշխանաւ [instrumental, singular], իշխանաւք = իշխանօք (išxanawkʻ = išxanōkʻ) [instrumental, plural], իշխանի [locative, singular], իշխանս [locative, plural]
  1. prince, ruler, ishkhan; master Wikipedia link: Ehsan Yarshater Categories (topical): Nobility, Titles Related terms: իշխեմ (išxem)
    Sense id: en-իշխան-xcl-noun-8rbvDgGj Categories (other): Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header, Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Undetermined language links Derived forms: ազատիշխանական (azatišxanakan), ամենիշխան (amenišxan), ամէնիշխան (amēnišxan), անիշխան (anišxan), անիշխանանամ (anišxananam), անիշխանութիւն (anišxanutʻiwn), անձնիշխան (anjnišxan), անձնիշխանաբար (anjnišxanabar), անձնիշխանակամութիւն (anjnišxanakamutʻiwn), անձնիշխանական (anjnišxanakan), անձնիշխանապէս (anjnišxanapēs), անձնիշխանութիւն (anjnišxanutʻiwn), բազմիշխանութիւն (bazmišxanutʻiwn), գերիշխանական (gerišxanakan), ինքնիշխան (inkʻnišxan), ինքնիշխանաբար (inkʻnišxanabar), ինքնիշխանական (inkʻnišxanakan), ինքնիշխանապէս (inkʻnišxanapēs), ինքնիշխանութիւն (inkʻnišxanutʻiwn), իշխանաբար (išxanabar), իշխանագոյն (išxanagoyn), իշխանագործ (išxanagorc), իշխանազն (išxanazn), իշխանակալութիւն (išxanakalutʻiwn), իշխանական (išxanakan), իշխանականաբար (išxanakanabar), իշխանականագոյն (išxanakanagoyn), իշխանականագործ (išxanakanagorc), իշխանականութիւն (išxanakanutʻiwn), իշխանակին (išxanakin), իշխանակիր (išxanakir), իշխանակից (išxanakicʻ), իշխանակցութիւն (išxanakcʻutʻiwn), իշխանայք (išxanaykʻ), իշխանանամ (išxananam), իշխանանիստ (išxananist), իշխանապանծ (išxanapanc), իշխանապետ (išxanapet), իշխանապերճ (išxanaperč), իշխանապէս (išxanapēs), իշխանասաստ (išxanasast), իշխանասէր (išxanasēr), իշխանասիրութիւն (išxanasirutʻiwn), իշխանատուն (išxanatun), իշխանարար (išxanarar), իշխանաւէտ (išxanawēt), իշխանաւոր (išxanawor), իշխանափոխ (išxanapʻox), իշխանիկ (išxanik), իշխանորդի (išxanordi), իշխանութիւն (išxanutʻiwn), իշխանուհի (išxanuhi), իշխանսիրական (išxansirakan), իշխանսիրութիւն (išxansirutʻiwn), իշխանօրէն (išxanōrēn), հոմիշխան (homišxan), մենիշխանութիւն (menišxanutʻiwn), միիշխանական (miišxanakan), միիշխանութիւն (miišxanutʻiwn), նախիշխանութիւն (naxišxanutʻiwn), ներիշխանական (nerišxanakan), սակաւիշխանական (sakawišxanakan), Իշխան (Išxan), Իշխանակ (Išxanak), Իշխանիկ (Išxanik)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "gerišxan",
      "word": "գերիշխան"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "ishkhan",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: ishkhan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: ishkhan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "იშხანი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "ишхан",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ишха́н",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "իշխան",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian իշխան (išxan)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "իշխան"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Armenian իշխան (išxan)",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Armenian իշխան (išxan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "išxan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hy-noun-ի-ներ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխան",
      "roman": "išxan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններ",
      "roman": "išxanner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանների",
      "roman": "išxanneri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանից",
      "roman": "išxanicʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններից",
      "roman": "išxannericʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանով",
      "roman": "išxanov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններով",
      "roman": "išxannerov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանը",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանն",
      "roman": "išxanə/išxann",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանները",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններն",
      "roman": "išxannerə/išxannern",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանին",
      "roman": "išxanin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններին",
      "roman": "išxannerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանս",
      "roman": "išxans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններս",
      "roman": "išxanners",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանիս",
      "roman": "išxanis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններիս",
      "roman": "išxanneris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանիցս",
      "roman": "išxanicʻs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններիցս",
      "roman": "išxannericʻs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանովս",
      "roman": "išxanovs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "instrumental",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններովս",
      "roman": "išxannerovs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանդ",
      "roman": "išxand",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններդ",
      "roman": "išxannerd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանիդ",
      "roman": "išxanid",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններիդ",
      "roman": "išxannerid",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանիցդ",
      "roman": "išxanicʻd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններիցդ",
      "roman": "išxannericʻd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանովդ",
      "roman": "išxanovd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններովդ",
      "roman": "išxannerovd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "hy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "իշխան",
        "11": "իշխանին",
        "11s": "իշխաններիցս",
        "13": "իշխանների",
        "13s": "իշխանովս",
        "15": "իշխաններին",
        "15s": "իշխաններովս",
        "17": "իշխանից",
        "17s": "—",
        "19": "իշխաններից",
        "19s": "—",
        "1s": "իշխանս",
        "21": "իշխանով",
        "21s": "իշխանդ",
        "23": "իշխաններով",
        "23s": "իշխաններդ",
        "25": "—",
        "25s": "իշխանիդ",
        "27": "—",
        "27s": "իշխաններիդ",
        "29s": "իշխանիցդ",
        "3": "իշխանը/իշխանն",
        "31s": "իշխաններիցդ",
        "33s": "իշխանովդ",
        "35s": "իշխաններովդ",
        "37s": "—",
        "39s": "—",
        "3s": "իշխաններս",
        "5": "իշխաններ",
        "5s": "իշխանիս",
        "7": "իշխանները/իշխաններն",
        "7s": "իշխաններիս",
        "9": "իշխանի",
        "9s": "իշխանիցս",
        "n": "",
        "note": "",
        "stem": "i-type, animate"
      },
      "name": "hy-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Armenian",
  "lang_code": "hy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "prince, ruler, ishkhan"
      ],
      "id": "en-իշխան-hy-noun-K8D3MKfR",
      "links": [
        [
          "prince",
          "prince"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "ishkhan",
          "ishkhan"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 98 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 97 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 96 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 98 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 87 11",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "hy",
          "name": "Fruits",
          "orig": "hy:Fruits",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Plants",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 92 6",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "hy",
          "name": "Prunus genus plants",
          "orig": "hy:Prunus genus plants",
          "parents": [
            "Rose family plants",
            "Stone fruits",
            "Rosales order plants",
            "Fruits",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Plants",
            "Foods",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 96 2",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "hy",
          "name": "Salmonids",
          "orig": "hy:Salmonids",
          "parents": [
            "Fish",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 88 6",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hy",
          "name": "Nobility",
          "orig": "hy:Nobility",
          "parents": [
            "High society",
            "People",
            "Society",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 94 3",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hy",
          "name": "Titles",
          "orig": "hy:Titles",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Sevan trout, Salmo ischchan"
      ],
      "id": "en-իշխան-hy-noun-~XPtP~sq",
      "links": [
        [
          "Sevan trout",
          "Sevan trout"
        ],
        [
          "Salmo ischchan",
          "Salmo ischchan#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ardanuç Armenian",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a variety of plum"
      ],
      "id": "en-իշխան-hy-noun-1EKtBKGu",
      "links": [
        [
          "plum",
          "plum"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Ardanuç) a variety of plum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/iʃˈχɑn/",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern-Armenian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[iʃχɑ́n]",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern-Armenian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iʃˈχɑn/",
      "tags": [
        "Western-Armenian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[iʃχɑ́n]",
      "tags": [
        "Western-Armenian"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "hy:Իշխան (տիտղոս)",
    "hy:Սևանի իշխան"
  ],
  "word": "իշխան"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "իշխան"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: իշխան (išxan)\n→ English: ishkhan\n→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)\n→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)\n→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: իշխան (išxan)\n→ English: ishkhan\n→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)\n→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)\n→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira-mid"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Iranian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira-old"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*xšaH-",
        "t": "to rule, be lord of"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sog",
        "tr": "ʾγšʾwʾn",
        "ts": "(ə)xšāwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Sogdian [script needed] (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpr",
        "2": "𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅",
        "sc": "Mani",
        "t": "prince",
        "ts": "axšēnd"
      },
      "expansion": "Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from a Middle Iranian descendant of Old Iranian *xšāna-, with a prothetic vowel and metathesis; ultimately from Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”). Among the cognates compare especially Sogdian [script needed] (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/), [script needed] (ʾγšywny /⁠(ə)xšēwanē⁠/), [script needed] (ʾxšywn(y) /⁠əxšēwanē⁠/, “king”), further also Manichaean Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”). Related to իշխեմ (išxem, “to rule”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "išxan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ի-ա",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխան",
      "roman": "išxan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանք",
      "roman": "išxankʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխան",
      "roman": "išxan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանս",
      "roman": "išxans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանէ",
      "roman": "išxanē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաւ",
      "roman": "išxanaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաւք = իշխանօք (išxanawkʻ = išxanōkʻ)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանս",
      "roman": "išxans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "xcl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "իշխան",
        "11": "իշխանաց",
        "13": "իշխան",
        "15": "իշխանս",
        "17": "իշխանէ",
        "19": "իշխանաց",
        "21": "իշխանաւ",
        "23": "իշխանաւք = իշխանօք",
        "25": "իշխանի",
        "27": "իշխանս",
        "3": "իշխանք",
        "5": "իշխանի",
        "7": "իշխանաց",
        "9": "իշխանի",
        "note": "",
        "type": "i-a-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined language links",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "xcl",
          "name": "Nobility",
          "orig": "xcl:Nobility",
          "parents": [
            "High society",
            "People",
            "Society",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "xcl",
          "name": "Titles",
          "orig": "xcl:Titles",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "azatišxanakan",
          "word": "ազատիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "amenišxan",
          "word": "ամենիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "amēnišxan",
          "word": "ամէնիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anišxan",
          "word": "անիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anišxananam",
          "word": "անիշխանանամ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "անիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxan",
          "word": "անձնիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxanabar",
          "word": "անձնիշխանաբար"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxanakamutʻiwn",
          "word": "անձնիշխանակամութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxanakan",
          "word": "անձնիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxanapēs",
          "word": "անձնիշխանապէս"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anjnišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "անձնիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bazmišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "բազմիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gerišxanakan",
          "word": "գերիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "inkʻnišxan",
          "word": "ինքնիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "inkʻnišxanabar",
          "word": "ինքնիշխանաբար"
        },
        {
          "roman": "inkʻnišxanakan",
          "word": "ինքնիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "inkʻnišxanapēs",
          "word": "ինքնիշխանապէս"
        },
        {
          "roman": "inkʻnišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "ինքնիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanabar",
          "word": "իշխանաբար"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanagoyn",
          "word": "իշխանագոյն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanagorc",
          "word": "իշխանագործ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanazn",
          "word": "իշխանազն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakalutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանակալութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakan",
          "word": "իշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakanabar",
          "word": "իշխանականաբար"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakanagoyn",
          "word": "իշխանականագոյն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakanagorc",
          "word": "իշխանականագործ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakanutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանականութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakin",
          "word": "իշխանակին"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakir",
          "word": "իշխանակիր"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakicʻ",
          "word": "իշխանակից"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanakcʻutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանակցութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanaykʻ",
          "word": "իշխանայք"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxananam",
          "word": "իշխանանամ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxananist",
          "word": "իշխանանիստ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanapanc",
          "word": "իշխանապանծ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanapet",
          "word": "իշխանապետ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanaperč",
          "word": "իշխանապերճ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanapēs",
          "word": "իշխանապէս"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanasast",
          "word": "իշխանասաստ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanasēr",
          "word": "իշխանասէր"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanasirutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանասիրութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanatun",
          "word": "իշխանատուն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanarar",
          "word": "իշխանարար"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanawēt",
          "word": "իշխանաւէտ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanawor",
          "word": "իշխանաւոր"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanapʻox",
          "word": "իշխանափոխ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanik",
          "word": "իշխանիկ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanordi",
          "word": "իշխանորդի"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanuhi",
          "word": "իշխանուհի"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxansirakan",
          "word": "իշխանսիրական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxansirutʻiwn",
          "word": "իշխանսիրութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "išxanōrēn",
          "word": "իշխանօրէն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "homišxan",
          "word": "հոմիշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "menišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "մենիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "miišxanakan",
          "word": "միիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "miišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "միիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "naxišxanutʻiwn",
          "word": "նախիշխանութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nerišxanakan",
          "word": "ներիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sakawišxanakan",
          "word": "սակաւիշխանական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Išxan",
          "word": "Իշխան"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Išxanak",
          "word": "Իշխանակ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Išxanik",
          "word": "Իշխանիկ"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the sovereign, the king; prince, crown-prince, heir-apparent",
          "roman": "išxanacʻ išxan, išxan ašxarhi",
          "text": "իշխանաց իշխան, իշխան աշխարհի",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "իշխան զօրուն ― išxan zōrun ― general of the army",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "master of the choir",
          "roman": "išxan ergocʻ",
          "text": "իշխան երգոց",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the prince of darkness, satan, demon, fiend",
          "roman": "išxan ašxarhi, xawari, molorutʻean",
          "text": "իշխան աշխարհի, խաւարի, մոլորութեան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the authorities",
          "roman": "išxankʻ",
          "text": "իշխանք",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to rule, to command, to be in power, in authority",
          "roman": "išxan linel",
          "text": "իշխան լինել",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to give power to someone",
          "roman": "išxan aṙnel zokʻ",
          "text": "իշխան առնել զոք",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he was master of himself, or his own master",
          "roman": "išxan ēr iwrocʻ axticʻ",
          "text": "իշխան էր իւրոց ախտից",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "you are not lord of your own life",
          "roman": "kʻum glxoyd čʻes išxan",
          "text": "քում գլխոյդ չես իշխան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he cannot, he is not authorized to",
          "roman": "čʻē išxan",
          "text": "չէ իշխան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to pass oneself off for a prince; to play the grandee, to lord it",
          "roman": "zišxani tʻekn acel",
          "text": "զիշխանի թեկն ածել",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Translation by Claude E. Cox\nHe pours dishonour on rulers, and he healed the humble.",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, Job 12.21",
          "roman": "Hełu anargutʻiwn i veray išxanacʻ; ew zxonarhs bžškeacʻ.",
          "text": "Հեղու անարգութիւն ի վերայ իշխանաց․ եւ զխոնարհս բժշկեաց։"
        },
        {
          "english": "Translation by Robert W. Thomson\nThe first division he entrusted to the prince of Artsrunik‘, with the great prince of Mokk‘ in support. Many other nobles he appointed as adjutants to these two, and deployed the mass of the troops on the wings to either side.",
          "ref": "5th century, Ełišē, Vasn Vardanay ew Hayocʻ paterazmin [History of Vardan and the Armenian War] 6",
          "roman": "Zgundn aṙaǰin tayr i jeṙn išxanin Arcruneacʻ, ew nizakakicʻ nma zmec išxann Mokacʻ; ew zayln amenayn naxararean hamaharzs erkocʻuncʻ, ew zemanayn bazmutʻiwn gndin tʻews asti ew anti kazmēr nocʻa.",
          "text": "Զգունդն առաջին տայր ի ձեռն իշխանին Արծրունեաց, և նիզակակից նմա զմեծ իշխանն Մոկաց․ և զայլն ամենայն նախարարեան համահարզս երկոցունց, և զեմանայն բազմութիւն գնդին թեւս աստի և անտի կազմէր նոցա։"
        },
        {
          "english": "1999 translation by Robert W. Thomson\nThe commander of their force was a certain Persian prince named Datoyean, [appointed] by royal command.",
          "ref": "7th century, Sebēos, Patmutʻiwnʻ [History] 28",
          "roman": "Ew ēr hramanatar zawrun nora parsik omn išxan, anun Datoyean, hramanaw arkʻuni.",
          "text": "Եւ էր հրամանատար զաւրուն նորա պարսիկ ոմն իշխան՝ անուն Դատոյեան, հրամանաւ արքունի։"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "prince, ruler, ishkhan; master"
      ],
      "id": "en-իշխան-xcl-noun-8rbvDgGj",
      "links": [
        [
          "prince",
          "prince"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "ishkhan",
          "ishkhan"
        ],
        [
          "master",
          "master"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "išxem",
          "word": "իշխեմ"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Ehsan Yarshater"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "իշխան"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Armenian lemmas",
    "Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Armenian nouns",
    "Armenian terms derived from Old Armenian",
    "Armenian terms inherited from Old Armenian",
    "Armenian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "hy:Fruits",
    "hy:Nobility",
    "hy:Prunus genus plants",
    "hy:Salmonids",
    "hy:Titles"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "gerišxan",
      "word": "գերիշխան"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "ishkhan",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: ishkhan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: ishkhan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "იშხანი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "ишхан",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ишха́н",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "իշխան",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian իշխան (išxan)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "xcl",
        "3": "իշխան"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Armenian իշխան (išxan)",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Armenian իշխան (išxan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "išxan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hy-noun-ի-ներ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխան",
      "roman": "išxan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններ",
      "roman": "išxanner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանների",
      "roman": "išxanneri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանից",
      "roman": "išxanicʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններից",
      "roman": "išxannericʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանով",
      "roman": "išxanov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններով",
      "roman": "išxannerov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանը",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանն",
      "roman": "išxanə/išxann",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանները",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններն",
      "roman": "išxannerə/išxannern",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանին",
      "roman": "išxanin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններին",
      "roman": "išxannerin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանս",
      "roman": "išxans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններս",
      "roman": "išxanners",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանիս",
      "roman": "išxanis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններիս",
      "roman": "išxanneris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանիցս",
      "roman": "išxanicʻs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններիցս",
      "roman": "išxannericʻs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանովս",
      "roman": "išxanovs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "instrumental",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններովս",
      "roman": "išxannerovs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանդ",
      "roman": "išxand",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններդ",
      "roman": "išxannerd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանիդ",
      "roman": "išxanid",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններիդ",
      "roman": "išxannerid",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանիցդ",
      "roman": "išxanicʻd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններիցդ",
      "roman": "išxannericʻd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանովդ",
      "roman": "išxanovd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխաններովդ",
      "roman": "išxannerovd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "hy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "իշխան",
        "11": "իշխանին",
        "11s": "իշխաններիցս",
        "13": "իշխանների",
        "13s": "իշխանովս",
        "15": "իշխաններին",
        "15s": "իշխաններովս",
        "17": "իշխանից",
        "17s": "—",
        "19": "իշխաններից",
        "19s": "—",
        "1s": "իշխանս",
        "21": "իշխանով",
        "21s": "իշխանդ",
        "23": "իշխաններով",
        "23s": "իշխաններդ",
        "25": "—",
        "25s": "իշխանիդ",
        "27": "—",
        "27s": "իշխաններիդ",
        "29s": "իշխանիցդ",
        "3": "իշխանը/իշխանն",
        "31s": "իշխաններիցդ",
        "33s": "իշխանովդ",
        "35s": "իշխաններովդ",
        "37s": "—",
        "39s": "—",
        "3s": "իշխաններս",
        "5": "իշխաններ",
        "5s": "իշխանիս",
        "7": "իշխանները/իշխաններն",
        "7s": "իշխաններիս",
        "9": "իշխանի",
        "9s": "իշխանիցս",
        "n": "",
        "note": "",
        "stem": "i-type, animate"
      },
      "name": "hy-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Armenian",
  "lang_code": "hy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "prince, ruler, ishkhan"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prince",
          "prince"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "ishkhan",
          "ishkhan"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Sevan trout, Salmo ischchan"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Sevan trout",
          "Sevan trout"
        ],
        [
          "Salmo ischchan",
          "Salmo ischchan#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ardanuç Armenian"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a variety of plum"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plum",
          "plum"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Ardanuç) a variety of plum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/iʃˈχɑn/",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern-Armenian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[iʃχɑ́n]",
      "tags": [
        "Eastern-Armenian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iʃˈχɑn/",
      "tags": [
        "Western-Armenian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[iʃχɑ́n]",
      "tags": [
        "Western-Armenian"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "hy:Իշխան (տիտղոս)",
    "hy:Սևանի իշխան"
  ],
  "word": "իշխան"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "azatišxanakan",
      "word": "ազատիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "amenišxan",
      "word": "ամենիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "amēnišxan",
      "word": "ամէնիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anišxan",
      "word": "անիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anišxananam",
      "word": "անիշխանանամ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "անիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxan",
      "word": "անձնիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxanabar",
      "word": "անձնիշխանաբար"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxanakamutʻiwn",
      "word": "անձնիշխանակամութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxanakan",
      "word": "անձնիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxanapēs",
      "word": "անձնիշխանապէս"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anjnišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "անձնիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bazmišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "բազմիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gerišxanakan",
      "word": "գերիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "inkʻnišxan",
      "word": "ինքնիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "inkʻnišxanabar",
      "word": "ինքնիշխանաբար"
    },
    {
      "roman": "inkʻnišxanakan",
      "word": "ինքնիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "inkʻnišxanapēs",
      "word": "ինքնիշխանապէս"
    },
    {
      "roman": "inkʻnišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "ինքնիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanabar",
      "word": "իշխանաբար"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanagoyn",
      "word": "իշխանագոյն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanagorc",
      "word": "իշխանագործ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanazn",
      "word": "իշխանազն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakalutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանակալութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakan",
      "word": "իշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakanabar",
      "word": "իշխանականաբար"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakanagoyn",
      "word": "իշխանականագոյն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakanagorc",
      "word": "իշխանականագործ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakanutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանականութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakin",
      "word": "իշխանակին"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakir",
      "word": "իշխանակիր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakicʻ",
      "word": "իշխանակից"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanakcʻutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանակցութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanaykʻ",
      "word": "իշխանայք"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxananam",
      "word": "իշխանանամ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxananist",
      "word": "իշխանանիստ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanapanc",
      "word": "իշխանապանծ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanapet",
      "word": "իշխանապետ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanaperč",
      "word": "իշխանապերճ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanapēs",
      "word": "իշխանապէս"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanasast",
      "word": "իշխանասաստ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanasēr",
      "word": "իշխանասէր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanasirutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանասիրութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanatun",
      "word": "իշխանատուն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanarar",
      "word": "իշխանարար"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanawēt",
      "word": "իշխանաւէտ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanawor",
      "word": "իշխանաւոր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanapʻox",
      "word": "իշխանափոխ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanik",
      "word": "իշխանիկ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanordi",
      "word": "իշխանորդի"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanuhi",
      "word": "իշխանուհի"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxansirakan",
      "word": "իշխանսիրական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxansirutʻiwn",
      "word": "իշխանսիրութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "išxanōrēn",
      "word": "իշխանօրէն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "homišxan",
      "word": "հոմիշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "menišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "մենիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "miišxanakan",
      "word": "միիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "miišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "միիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "naxišxanutʻiwn",
      "word": "նախիշխանութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nerišxanakan",
      "word": "ներիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sakawišxanakan",
      "word": "սակաւիշխանական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Išxan",
      "word": "Իշխան"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Išxanak",
      "word": "Իշխանակ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Išxanik",
      "word": "Իշխանիկ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "իշխան"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: իշխան (išxan)\n→ English: ishkhan\n→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)\n→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)\n→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: իշխան (išxan)\n→ English: ishkhan\n→ Georgian: იშხანი (išxani)\n→ Kyrgyz: ишхан (işhan)\n→ Russian: ишха́н (išxán)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira-mid"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Iranian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ira-old"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*xšaH-",
        "t": "to rule, be lord of"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sog",
        "tr": "ʾγšʾwʾn",
        "ts": "(ə)xšāwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Sogdian [script needed] (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpr",
        "2": "𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅",
        "sc": "Mani",
        "t": "prince",
        "ts": "axšēnd"
      },
      "expansion": "Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from a Middle Iranian descendant of Old Iranian *xšāna-, with a prothetic vowel and metathesis; ultimately from Proto-Iranian *xšaH- (“to rule, be lord of”). Among the cognates compare especially Sogdian [script needed] (ʾγšʾwʾn /⁠(ə)xšāwan⁠/), [script needed] (ʾγšywny /⁠(ə)xšēwanē⁠/), [script needed] (ʾxšywn(y) /⁠əxšēwanē⁠/, “king”), further also Manichaean Parthian 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾxšynd /⁠axšēnd⁠/, “prince”). Related to իշխեմ (išxem, “to rule”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "išxan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ի-ա",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխան",
      "roman": "išxan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանք",
      "roman": "išxankʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխան",
      "roman": "išxan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանս",
      "roman": "išxans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանէ",
      "roman": "išxanē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաց",
      "roman": "išxanacʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաւ",
      "roman": "išxanaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանաւք = իշխանօք (išxanawkʻ = išxanōkʻ)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանի",
      "roman": "išxani",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "իշխանս",
      "roman": "išxans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "իշխան • (išxan)",
      "name": "xcl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "իշխան",
        "11": "իշխանաց",
        "13": "իշխան",
        "15": "իշխանս",
        "17": "իշխանէ",
        "19": "իշխանաց",
        "21": "իշխանաւ",
        "23": "իշխանաւք = իշխանօք",
        "25": "իշխանի",
        "27": "իշխանս",
        "3": "իշխանք",
        "5": "իշխանի",
        "7": "իշխանաց",
        "9": "իշխանի",
        "note": "",
        "type": "i-a-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "išxem",
      "word": "իշխեմ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Armenian lemmas",
        "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Old Armenian nouns",
        "Old Armenian terms borrowed from Middle Iranian languages",
        "Old Armenian terms derived from Middle Iranian languages",
        "Old Armenian terms derived from Old Iranian languages",
        "Old Armenian terms with quotations",
        "Old Armenian terms with usage examples",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Requests for native script for Sogdian terms",
        "Undetermined language links",
        "xcl:Nobility",
        "xcl:Titles"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "the sovereign, the king; prince, crown-prince, heir-apparent",
          "roman": "išxanacʻ išxan, išxan ašxarhi",
          "text": "իշխանաց իշխան, իշխան աշխարհի",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "իշխան զօրուն ― išxan zōrun ― general of the army",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "master of the choir",
          "roman": "išxan ergocʻ",
          "text": "իշխան երգոց",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the prince of darkness, satan, demon, fiend",
          "roman": "išxan ašxarhi, xawari, molorutʻean",
          "text": "իշխան աշխարհի, խաւարի, մոլորութեան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the authorities",
          "roman": "išxankʻ",
          "text": "իշխանք",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to rule, to command, to be in power, in authority",
          "roman": "išxan linel",
          "text": "իշխան լինել",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to give power to someone",
          "roman": "išxan aṙnel zokʻ",
          "text": "իշխան առնել զոք",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he was master of himself, or his own master",
          "roman": "išxan ēr iwrocʻ axticʻ",
          "text": "իշխան էր իւրոց ախտից",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "you are not lord of your own life",
          "roman": "kʻum glxoyd čʻes išxan",
          "text": "քում գլխոյդ չես իշխան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he cannot, he is not authorized to",
          "roman": "čʻē išxan",
          "text": "չէ իշխան",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to pass oneself off for a prince; to play the grandee, to lord it",
          "roman": "zišxani tʻekn acel",
          "text": "զիշխանի թեկն ածել",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Translation by Claude E. Cox\nHe pours dishonour on rulers, and he healed the humble.",
          "ref": "5th century, Bible, Job 12.21",
          "roman": "Hełu anargutʻiwn i veray išxanacʻ; ew zxonarhs bžškeacʻ.",
          "text": "Հեղու անարգութիւն ի վերայ իշխանաց․ եւ զխոնարհս բժշկեաց։"
        },
        {
          "english": "Translation by Robert W. Thomson\nThe first division he entrusted to the prince of Artsrunik‘, with the great prince of Mokk‘ in support. Many other nobles he appointed as adjutants to these two, and deployed the mass of the troops on the wings to either side.",
          "ref": "5th century, Ełišē, Vasn Vardanay ew Hayocʻ paterazmin [History of Vardan and the Armenian War] 6",
          "roman": "Zgundn aṙaǰin tayr i jeṙn išxanin Arcruneacʻ, ew nizakakicʻ nma zmec išxann Mokacʻ; ew zayln amenayn naxararean hamaharzs erkocʻuncʻ, ew zemanayn bazmutʻiwn gndin tʻews asti ew anti kazmēr nocʻa.",
          "text": "Զգունդն առաջին տայր ի ձեռն իշխանին Արծրունեաց, և նիզակակից նմա զմեծ իշխանն Մոկաց․ և զայլն ամենայն նախարարեան համահարզս երկոցունց, և զեմանայն բազմութիւն գնդին թեւս աստի և անտի կազմէր նոցա։"
        },
        {
          "english": "1999 translation by Robert W. Thomson\nThe commander of their force was a certain Persian prince named Datoyean, [appointed] by royal command.",
          "ref": "7th century, Sebēos, Patmutʻiwnʻ [History] 28",
          "roman": "Ew ēr hramanatar zawrun nora parsik omn išxan, anun Datoyean, hramanaw arkʻuni.",
          "text": "Եւ էր հրամանատար զաւրուն նորա պարսիկ ոմն իշխան՝ անուն Դատոյեան, հրամանաւ արքունի։"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "prince, ruler, ishkhan; master"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prince",
          "prince"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "ishkhan",
          "ishkhan"
        ],
        [
          "master",
          "master"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Ehsan Yarshater"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "իշխան"
}

Download raw JSONL data for իշխան meaning in All languages combined (20.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Ardanuç",
  "path": [
    "իշխան"
  ],
  "section": "Armenian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "իշխան",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Ardanuç",
  "path": [
    "իշխան"
  ],
  "section": "Armenian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "իշխան",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.