"руча" meaning in All languages combined

See руча on Wiktionary

Verb [Macedonian]

IPA: [ˈrut͡ʃa]
Head templates: {{mk-verb|impf|pf=изруча|pf2=се наруча}} руча • (ruča) third-singular present, impf (perfective изруча or се наруча) Inflection templates: {{mk-conj-а|impf|руч}}, {{mk-conj-table|a=impf|adj_ptc=ручан|adv_ptc=ручајќи|aori_1pl=ручавме|aori_1sg=ручав|aori_2pl=ручавте|aori_2sg=руча|aori_3pl=ручаа|aori_3sg=руча|aori_l_f=ручала|aori_l_m=ручал|aori_l_n=ручало|aori_l_pl=ручале|impf_1pl=ручавме|impf_1sg=ручав|impf_2pl=ручавте|impf_2sg=ручаше|impf_3pl=ручаа|impf_3sg=ручаше|impf_l_f=ручала|impf_l_m=ручал|impf_l_n=ручало|impf_l_pl=ручале|impr_pl=ручајте|impr_sg=ручај|noap=|pres_1pl=ручаме|pres_1sg=ручам|pres_2pl=ручате|pres_2sg=ручаш|pres_3pl=ручаат|pres_3sg=руча|prf_ptc=ручано|refl=|title=present in <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="mk">-а</i>|vnoun=ручање}} Forms: ruča [romanization], изруча [perfective], се наруча [perfective], imperfective [table-tags], ручал [imperfect, masculine], - [aorist, masculine], ручан [adjectival, aorist, participle], ручала [feminine, imperfect], - [aorist, feminine], ручајќи [adverbial, aorist, participle], ручало [imperfect, neuter], - [aorist, neuter], ручање [aorist, noun-from-verb], ручале [imperfect, plural], - [aorist, plural], ручано [aorist, participle, perfect], ручам [first-person, present, singular], ручав [first-person, imperfect, singular], - [aorist, first-person, singular], - [aorist, first-person, imperative, singular], ручаш [present, second-person, singular], ручаше [imperfect, second-person, singular], - [aorist, second-person, singular], ручај [aorist, imperative, second-person, singular], руча [present, singular, third-person], ручаше [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [aorist, singular, third-person], - [aorist, imperative, singular, third-person], ручаме [first-person, plural, present], ручавме [first-person, imperfect, plural], - [aorist, first-person, plural], - [aorist, first-person, imperative, plural], ручате [plural, present, second-person], ручавте [imperfect, plural, second-person], - [aorist, plural, second-person], ручајте [aorist, imperative, plural, second-person], ручаат [plural, present, third-person], ручаа [imperfect, plural, third-person], - [aorist, plural, third-person], - [aorist, imperative, plural, third-person], сум ручал [imperfect, multiword-construction, perfect, present], present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) + imperfect l-participle [aorist, multiword-construction, perfect], present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) + imperfect l-participle [imperative, multiword-construction, perfect], имам ручано [imperfect, multiword-construction, perfect, present, има], present of има + perfect participle [aorist, multiword-construction, perfect, има], present of има + perfect participle [imperative, multiword-construction, perfect, има], бев ручал [imperfect, multiword-construction, pluperfect, present], imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle [aorist, multiword-construction, pluperfect], imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle [imperative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], имав ручано [imperfect, multiword-construction, pluperfect, present, има], imperfect of има + perfect participle [aorist, multiword-construction, pluperfect, има], imperfect of има + perfect participle [imperative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, има], сум имал ручано [imperfect, multiword-construction, perfect, present, reported, има], perfect of има + perfect participle [aorist, multiword-construction, perfect, reported, има], perfect of има + perfect participle [multiword-construction, perfect, reported, има], ќе ручам [future, imperfect, multiword-construction, present], ќе + present [aorist, future, multiword-construction], ќе + present [future, imperative, multiword-construction], ќе имам ручано [future, imperfect, multiword-construction, present, има], future of има + perfect participle [aorist, future, multiword-construction, има], future of има + perfect participle [future, imperative, multiword-construction, има], ќе ручав [imperfect, multiword-construction, past-future, present], ќе + imperfect [aorist, multiword-construction, past-future], ќе + imperfect [imperative, multiword-construction, past-future], ќе имав ручано [future, imperfect, multiword-construction, past, present, има], future in the past of има + perfect participle [aorist, future, multiword-construction, past, има], future in the past of има + perfect participle [future, imperative, multiword-construction, past, има], ќе сум ручал [future, imperfect, multiword-construction, present, reported], ќе + imperfect l-participle [aorist, future, multiword-construction, reported], ќе + imperfect l-participle [future, multiword-construction, reported], ќе сум имал ручано [future, imperfect, multiword-construction, present, reported, има], future reported of има + perfect participle [aorist, future, multiword-construction, reported, има], future reported of има + perfect participle [future, multiword-construction, reported, има], би ручал [conditional, imperfect, multiword-construction, present], би + imperfect l-participle [aorist, conditional, multiword-construction], би + imperfect l-participle [conditional, multiword-construction], би имал ручано [conditional, imperfect, multiword-construction, present, има], conditional of има + perfect participle [aorist, conditional, multiword-construction, има], conditional of има + perfect participle [conditional, multiword-construction, има]
  1. (transitive) to eat lunch Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-руча-mk-verb-AfAhALPu
  2. (transitive, colloquial) to eat in general Tags: colloquial, transitive
    Sense id: en-руча-mk-verb-9NAaikl3 Categories (other): Macedonian entries with incorrect language header, Macedonian verbs in -а Disambiguation of Macedonian entries with incorrect language header: 29 71 Disambiguation of Macedonian verbs in -а: 25 75
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: ручек (ruček) [masculine]

Noun [Ukrainian]

IPA: [rʊˈt͡ʃa]
Etymology: рука́ (ruká) + -а́ (-á) Etymology templates: {{affix|uk|рука́|-я́|alt2=-а́|id2=neuter t-stem}} рука́ (ruká) + -а́ (-á) Head templates: {{uk-noun|руча́<inan.t>}} руча́ • (ručá) n inan (genitive руча́ти, nominative plural руча́та, genitive plural руча́т) Inflection templates: {{uk-ndecl|руча́<inan.t>}} Forms: руча́ [canonical], ručá [romanization], руча́ти [genitive], руча́та [nominative, plural], руча́т [genitive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], руча́ [nominative, singular], руча́та [nominative, plural], руча́ти [genitive, singular], руча́т [genitive, plural], руча́ті [dative, singular], руча́там [dative, plural], руча́ [accusative, singular], руча́та [accusative, plural], руча́м [instrumental, singular], руча́тами [instrumental, plural], руча́ті [locative, singular], руча́тах [locative, plural], руча́ [singular, vocative], руча́та [plural, vocative]
  1. endearing diminutive of рука́ (ruká, “hand”) Tags: diminutive, endearing, form-of, plural-normally, rare Form of: рука́ (extra: ruká, “hand”) Synonyms: рученя́

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for руча meaning in All languages combined (14.6kB)

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruča",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изруча",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "се наруча",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mk-conj-а",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручал",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручан",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "aorist",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручала",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручајќи",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "aorist",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручало",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручање",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручале",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "participle",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручам",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручав",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаш",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаше",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручај",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаше",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаме",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручавме",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручате",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручавте",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручајте",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаат",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаа",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сум ручал",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "имам ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бев ручал",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "имав ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сум имал ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе ручам",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + present",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + present",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе имам ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе ручав",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе имав ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе сум ручал",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе сум имал ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би ручал",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би имал ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "pf": "изруча",
        "pf2": "се наруча"
      },
      "expansion": "руча • (ruča) third-singular present, impf (perfective изруча or се наруча)",
      "name": "mk-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "руч"
      },
      "name": "mk-conj-а"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "a": "impf",
        "adj_ptc": "ручан",
        "adv_ptc": "ручајќи",
        "aori_1pl": "ручавме",
        "aori_1sg": "ручав",
        "aori_2pl": "ручавте",
        "aori_2sg": "руча",
        "aori_3pl": "ручаа",
        "aori_3sg": "руча",
        "aori_l_f": "ручала",
        "aori_l_m": "ручал",
        "aori_l_n": "ручало",
        "aori_l_pl": "ручале",
        "impf_1pl": "ручавме",
        "impf_1sg": "ручав",
        "impf_2pl": "ручавте",
        "impf_2sg": "ручаше",
        "impf_3pl": "ручаа",
        "impf_3sg": "ручаше",
        "impf_l_f": "ручала",
        "impf_l_m": "ручал",
        "impf_l_n": "ручало",
        "impf_l_pl": "ручале",
        "impr_pl": "ручајте",
        "impr_sg": "ручај",
        "noap": "",
        "pres_1pl": "ручаме",
        "pres_1sg": "ручам",
        "pres_2pl": "ручате",
        "pres_2sg": "ручаш",
        "pres_3pl": "ручаат",
        "pres_3sg": "руча",
        "prf_ptc": "ручано",
        "refl": "",
        "title": "present in <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"mk\">-а</i>",
        "vnoun": "ручање"
      },
      "name": "mk-conj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ruček",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ручек"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to eat lunch"
      ],
      "id": "en-руча-mk-verb-AfAhALPu",
      "links": [
        [
          "lunch",
          "lunch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to eat lunch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian verbs in -а",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to eat in general"
      ],
      "id": "en-руча-mk-verb-9NAaikl3",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial) to eat in general"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈrut͡ʃa]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "руча"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "рука́",
        "3": "-я́",
        "alt2": "-а́",
        "id2": "neuter t-stem"
      },
      "expansion": "рука́ (ruká) + -а́ (-á)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "рука́ (ruká) + -а́ (-á)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "руча́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ručá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́ти",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́та",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́т",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "t-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́",
      "roman": "ručá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́та",
      "roman": "ručáta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́ти",
      "roman": "ručáty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́т",
      "roman": "ručát",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́ті",
      "roman": "ručáti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́там",
      "roman": "ručátam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́",
      "roman": "ručá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́та",
      "roman": "ručáta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́м",
      "roman": "ručám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́тами",
      "roman": "ručátamy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́ті",
      "roman": "ručáti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́тах",
      "roman": "ručátax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́",
      "roman": "ručá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́та",
      "roman": "ručáta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "руча́<inan.t>"
      },
      "expansion": "руча́ • (ručá) n inan (genitive руча́ти, nominative plural руча́та, genitive plural руча́т)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "руча́<inan.t>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian terms suffixed with -я (neuter t-stem)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "ruká, “hand”",
          "word": "рука́"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "endearing diminutive of рука́ (ruká, “hand”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-руча-uk-noun-A~AyMcaV",
      "links": [
        [
          "рука́",
          "рука#Ukrainian"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "рученя́"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "endearing",
        "form-of",
        "plural-normally",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[rʊˈt͡ʃa]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "руча"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Macedonian 2-syllable words",
    "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Macedonian imperfective verbs",
    "Macedonian lemmas",
    "Macedonian paroxytone terms",
    "Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Macedonian verbs",
    "Macedonian verbs in -а"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruča",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "изруча",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "се наруча",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mk-conj-а",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручал",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручан",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "aorist",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручала",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручајќи",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "aorist",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручало",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручање",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручале",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "participle",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручам",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручав",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаш",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаше",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручај",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаше",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаме",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручавме",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручате",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручавте",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручајте",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаат",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ручаа",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сум ручал",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "имам ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бев ручал",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "имав ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сум имал ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе ручам",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + present",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + present",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе имам ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе ручав",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past-future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе имав ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе сум ручал",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ќе сум имал ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "multiword-construction",
        "reported",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би ручал",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "би имал ручано",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "imperfect",
        "multiword-construction",
        "present",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "има"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "pf": "изруча",
        "pf2": "се наруча"
      },
      "expansion": "руча • (ruča) third-singular present, impf (perfective изруча or се наруча)",
      "name": "mk-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "руч"
      },
      "name": "mk-conj-а"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "a": "impf",
        "adj_ptc": "ручан",
        "adv_ptc": "ручајќи",
        "aori_1pl": "ручавме",
        "aori_1sg": "ручав",
        "aori_2pl": "ручавте",
        "aori_2sg": "руча",
        "aori_3pl": "ручаа",
        "aori_3sg": "руча",
        "aori_l_f": "ручала",
        "aori_l_m": "ручал",
        "aori_l_n": "ручало",
        "aori_l_pl": "ручале",
        "impf_1pl": "ручавме",
        "impf_1sg": "ручав",
        "impf_2pl": "ручавте",
        "impf_2sg": "ручаше",
        "impf_3pl": "ручаа",
        "impf_3sg": "ручаше",
        "impf_l_f": "ручала",
        "impf_l_m": "ручал",
        "impf_l_n": "ручало",
        "impf_l_pl": "ручале",
        "impr_pl": "ручајте",
        "impr_sg": "ручај",
        "noap": "",
        "pres_1pl": "ручаме",
        "pres_1sg": "ручам",
        "pres_2pl": "ручате",
        "pres_2sg": "ручаш",
        "pres_3pl": "ручаат",
        "pres_3sg": "руча",
        "prf_ptc": "ручано",
        "refl": "",
        "title": "present in <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"mk\">-а</i>",
        "vnoun": "ручање"
      },
      "name": "mk-conj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "ruček",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ручек"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to eat lunch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lunch",
          "lunch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to eat lunch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian colloquialisms",
        "Macedonian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to eat in general"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial) to eat in general"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈrut͡ʃa]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "руча"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "рука́",
        "3": "-я́",
        "alt2": "-а́",
        "id2": "neuter t-stem"
      },
      "expansion": "рука́ (ruká) + -а́ (-á)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "рука́ (ruká) + -а́ (-á)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "руча́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ručá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́ти",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́та",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́т",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "t-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́",
      "roman": "ručá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́та",
      "roman": "ručáta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́ти",
      "roman": "ručáty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́т",
      "roman": "ručát",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́ті",
      "roman": "ručáti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́там",
      "roman": "ručátam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́",
      "roman": "ručá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́та",
      "roman": "ručáta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́м",
      "roman": "ručám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́тами",
      "roman": "ručátamy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́ті",
      "roman": "ručáti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́тах",
      "roman": "ručátax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́",
      "roman": "ručá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "руча́та",
      "roman": "ručáta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "руча́<inan.t>"
      },
      "expansion": "руча́ • (ručá) n inan (genitive руча́ти, nominative plural руча́та, genitive plural руча́т)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "руча́<inan.t>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ukrainian diminutive nouns",
        "Ukrainian endearing terms",
        "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ukrainian inanimate nouns",
        "Ukrainian lemmas",
        "Ukrainian neuter nouns",
        "Ukrainian nouns",
        "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern b",
        "Ukrainian rare terms",
        "Ukrainian t-stem neuter-form accent-b nouns",
        "Ukrainian t-stem neuter-form nouns",
        "Ukrainian terms suffixed with -я (neuter t-stem)",
        "Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "ruká, “hand”",
          "word": "рука́"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "endearing diminutive of рука́ (ruká, “hand”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "рука́",
          "рука#Ukrainian"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "рученя́"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "diminutive",
        "endearing",
        "form-of",
        "plural-normally",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[rʊˈt͡ʃa]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "руча"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.