"распускаться" meaning in All languages combined

See распускаться on Wiktionary

Verb [Russian]

IPA: [rəspʊˈskat͡sːə]
Etymology: распуска́ть (raspuskátʹ) + -ся (-sja) Etymology templates: {{af|ru|распуска́ть|-ся}} распуска́ть (raspuskátʹ) + -ся (-sja) Head templates: {{ru-verb|распуска́ться|impf|pf=распусти́ться}} распуска́ться • (raspuskátʹsja) impf (perfective распусти́ться) Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|impf|1a|распуска́ться}} Forms: распуска́ться [canonical], raspuskátʹsja [romanization], распусти́ться [perfective], imperfective [table-tags], распуска́ться [imperfective, infinitive], распуска́ющийся [active, participle, present], распуска́вшийся [active, participle, past], - [participle, passive, present], - [participle, passive, past], распуска́ясь [adverbial, participle, present], распуска́вшись [adverbial, participle, past], распуска́юсь [first-person, present, singular], бу́ду распуска́ться [first-person, future, singular], распуска́ешься [present, second-person, singular], бу́дешь распуска́ться [future, second-person, singular], распуска́ется [present, singular, third-person], бу́дет распуска́ться [future, singular, third-person], распуска́емся [first-person, plural, present], бу́дем распуска́ться [first-person, future, plural], распуска́етесь [plural, present, second-person], бу́дете распуска́ться [future, plural, second-person], распуска́ются [plural, present, third-person], бу́дут распуска́ться [future, plural, third-person], распуска́йся [imperative, singular], распуска́йтесь [imperative, plural], распуска́лся [masculine, past, singular], распуска́лись [masculine, past, plural], распуска́лась [feminine, past, singular], распуска́лись [feminine, past, plural], распуска́лось [neuter, past, singular], распуска́лись [neuter, past, plural]
  1. (plants) to open, to blossom out
    Sense id: en-распускаться-ru-verb-0c0ua0yP Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian terms suffixed with -ся Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 52 17 3 6 20 2 Disambiguation of Russian terms suffixed with -ся: 39 18 8 10 17 8
  2. to become loose, to unloosen, to slacken
    Sense id: en-распускаться-ru-verb-wcMNgmSz
  3. (colloquial) to become undisciplined, to get out of hand Tags: colloquial
    Sense id: en-распускаться-ru-verb-yga2Yyfh
  4. to dissolve, to melt
    Sense id: en-распускаться-ru-verb-fgGimzTb
  5. (woolen cloth) to get/come unravelled
    Sense id: en-распускаться-ru-verb-dADe~SW2
  6. passive of распуска́ть (raspuskátʹ) Tags: form-of, passive Form of: распуска́ть (extra: raspuskátʹ)
    Sense id: en-распускаться-ru-verb-yW4mT0k2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: распуска́ть (raspuskátʹ) [imperfective], распусти́ть (raspustítʹ) [perfective], пуска́ть (puskátʹ) [imperfective], пусти́ть (pustítʹ) [perfective], пуска́ться (puskátʹsja) [imperfective], пусти́ться (pustítʹsja) [perfective], пусть (pustʹ), пусково́й (puskovój)

Download JSON data for распускаться meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "распуска́ть",
        "3": "-ся"
      },
      "expansion": "распуска́ть (raspuskátʹ) + -ся (-sja)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "распуска́ть (raspuskátʹ) + -ся (-sja)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "распуска́ться",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "raspuskátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распусти́ться",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1a imperfective reflexive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ться",
      "roman": "raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ющийся",
      "roman": "raspuskájuščijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́вшийся",
      "roman": "raspuskávšijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ясь",
      "roman": "raspuskájasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́вшись",
      "roman": "raspuskávšisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́юсь",
      "roman": "raspuskájusʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdu raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ешься",
      "roman": "raspuskáješʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdešʹ raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ется",
      "roman": "raspuskájetsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdet raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́емся",
      "roman": "raspuskájemsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdem raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́етесь",
      "roman": "raspuskájetesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdete raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ются",
      "roman": "raspuskájutsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdut raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́йся",
      "roman": "raspuskájsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́йтесь",
      "roman": "raspuskájtesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лся",
      "roman": "raspuskálsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лись",
      "roman": "raspuskálisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лась",
      "roman": "raspuskálasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лись",
      "roman": "raspuskálisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лось",
      "roman": "raspuskálosʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лись",
      "roman": "raspuskálisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "распуска́ться",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "распусти́ться"
      },
      "expansion": "распуска́ться • (raspuskátʹsja) impf (perfective распусти́ться)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "1a",
        "3": "распуска́ться"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "raspuskátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "распуска́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "raspustítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "распусти́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "puskátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "пуска́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pustítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "пусти́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "puskátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "пуска́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pustítʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "пусти́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pustʹ",
      "word": "пусть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "puskovój",
      "word": "пусково́й"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 17 3 6 20 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 18 8 10 17 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms suffixed with -ся",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to open, to blossom out"
      ],
      "id": "en-распускаться-ru-verb-0c0ua0yP",
      "links": [
        [
          "open",
          "open"
        ],
        [
          "blossom out",
          "blossom out"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "plants",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(plants) to open, to blossom out"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to become loose, to unloosen, to slacken"
      ],
      "id": "en-распускаться-ru-verb-wcMNgmSz",
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "loose",
          "loose"
        ],
        [
          "unloosen",
          "unloosen"
        ],
        [
          "slacken",
          "slacken"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to become undisciplined, to get out of hand"
      ],
      "id": "en-распускаться-ru-verb-yga2Yyfh",
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "undisciplined",
          "undisciplined"
        ],
        [
          "get out of hand",
          "get out of hand"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to become undisciplined, to get out of hand"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to dissolve, to melt"
      ],
      "id": "en-распускаться-ru-verb-fgGimzTb",
      "links": [
        [
          "dissolve",
          "dissolve"
        ],
        [
          "melt",
          "melt"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to get/come unravelled"
      ],
      "id": "en-распускаться-ru-verb-dADe~SW2",
      "links": [
        [
          "get",
          "get"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "unravelled",
          "unravelled"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "woolen cloth",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(woolen cloth) to get/come unravelled"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "raspuskátʹ",
          "word": "распуска́ть"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "passive of распуска́ть (raspuskátʹ)"
      ],
      "id": "en-распускаться-ru-verb-yW4mT0k2",
      "links": [
        [
          "распуска́ть",
          "распускать#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "passive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[rəspʊˈskat͡sːə]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "распускаться"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 4-syllable words",
    "Russian class 1 verbs",
    "Russian class 1a verbs",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian imperfective verbs",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian reflexive verbs",
    "Russian terms suffixed with -ся",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "распуска́ть",
        "3": "-ся"
      },
      "expansion": "распуска́ть (raspuskátʹ) + -ся (-sja)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "распуска́ть (raspuskátʹ) + -ся (-sja)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "распуска́ться",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "raspuskátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распусти́ться",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1a imperfective reflexive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ться",
      "roman": "raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ющийся",
      "roman": "raspuskájuščijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́вшийся",
      "roman": "raspuskávšijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ясь",
      "roman": "raspuskájasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́вшись",
      "roman": "raspuskávšisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́юсь",
      "roman": "raspuskájusʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdu raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ешься",
      "roman": "raspuskáješʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdešʹ raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ется",
      "roman": "raspuskájetsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdet raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́емся",
      "roman": "raspuskájemsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdem raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́етесь",
      "roman": "raspuskájetesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdete raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́ются",
      "roman": "raspuskájutsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут распуска́ться",
      "roman": "búdut raspuskátʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́йся",
      "roman": "raspuskájsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́йтесь",
      "roman": "raspuskájtesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лся",
      "roman": "raspuskálsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лись",
      "roman": "raspuskálisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лась",
      "roman": "raspuskálasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лись",
      "roman": "raspuskálisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лось",
      "roman": "raspuskálosʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "распуска́лись",
      "roman": "raspuskálisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "распуска́ться",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "распусти́ться"
      },
      "expansion": "распуска́ться • (raspuskátʹsja) impf (perfective распусти́ться)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "1a",
        "3": "распуска́ться"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "raspuskátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "распуска́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "raspustítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "распусти́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "puskátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "пуска́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pustítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "пусти́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "puskátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "пуска́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pustítʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "пусти́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pustʹ",
      "word": "пусть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "puskovój",
      "word": "пусково́й"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to open, to blossom out"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "open",
          "open"
        ],
        [
          "blossom out",
          "blossom out"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "plants",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(plants) to open, to blossom out"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to become loose, to unloosen, to slacken"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "loose",
          "loose"
        ],
        [
          "unloosen",
          "unloosen"
        ],
        [
          "slacken",
          "slacken"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian colloquialisms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to become undisciplined, to get out of hand"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "undisciplined",
          "undisciplined"
        ],
        [
          "get out of hand",
          "get out of hand"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to become undisciplined, to get out of hand"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to dissolve, to melt"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dissolve",
          "dissolve"
        ],
        [
          "melt",
          "melt"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to get/come unravelled"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "get",
          "get"
        ],
        [
          "come",
          "come"
        ],
        [
          "unravelled",
          "unravelled"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "woolen cloth",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(woolen cloth) to get/come unravelled"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "raspuskátʹ",
          "word": "распуска́ть"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "passive of распуска́ть (raspuskátʹ)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "распуска́ть",
          "распускать#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "passive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[rəspʊˈskat͡sːə]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "распускаться"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.