See кефир on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kefir",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кефир",
"roman": "kefir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефирот",
"roman": "kefirot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кефиров",
"roman": "kefirov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефирон",
"roman": "kefiron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефиру",
"roman": "kefiru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "кефир • (kefir) m",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "кефирје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "кефира",
"def_dist_pl": "кефирине",
"def_dist_sg": "кефирон",
"def_prox_pl": "кефириве",
"def_prox_sg": "кефиров",
"def_unsp_pl": "кефирите",
"def_unsp_sg": "кефирот",
"ind_pl": "кефири",
"ind_sg": "кефир",
"n": "sg",
"voc_pl": "кефири",
"voc_sg": "кефиру",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table-single"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian singularia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kefir"
],
"id": "en-кефир-mk-noun-HZ~3z4k5",
"links": [
[
"kefir",
"kefir"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɛfir]"
}
],
"word": "кефир"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kefir",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: kefir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: kefir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kefir",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kefir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kefir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κεφίρ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: κεφίρ (kefír)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: κεφίρ (kefír)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "케피르",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 케피르 (kepireu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 케피르 (kepireu)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ქიფური"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian ქიფური (kipuri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "къӕпы"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian къӕпы (k’æpy)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "гыпы"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar гыпы (gıpı)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "köpürmek",
"t": "to foam"
},
"expansion": "Turkish köpürmek (“to foam”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed into Russian from a language of the Caucausus; compare Mingrelian ქიფური (kipuri), Ossetian къӕпы (k’æpy), Karachay-Balkar гыпы (gıpı). The ultimate origin is unknown. Relation with a potential Kipchak substrate *köpür-, akin to Turkish köpürmek (“to foam”), is unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кефи́р",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kefír",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ра",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ры",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ров",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́рный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́рчик",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́р",
"roman": "kefír",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ры",
"roman": "kefíry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ра",
"roman": "kefíra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ров",
"roman": "kefírov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ру",
"roman": "kefíru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́рам",
"roman": "kefíram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́р",
"roman": "kefír",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ры",
"roman": "kefíry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ром",
"roman": "kefírom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́рами",
"roman": "kefírami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ре",
"roman": "kefíre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́рах",
"roman": "kefírax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ръ",
"roman": "kefír",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "кафи́р",
"roman": "kafír",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "кэфи́р",
"roman": "kɛfír",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "кафи́ръ",
"roman": "kafír",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "кэфи́ръ",
"roman": "kɛfír",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кефи́р",
"adj": "кефи́рный",
"dim": "кефи́рчик"
},
"expansion": "кефи́р • (kefír) m inan (genitive кефи́ра, nominative plural кефи́ры, genitive plural кефи́ров, relational adjective кефи́рный, diminutive кефи́рчик)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Beverages",
"orig": "ru:Beverages",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Dairy products",
"orig": "ru:Dairy products",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"english": "I just love kefir, but, on the other hand, I hate milk!",
"roman": "Ja prósto obožáju kefír, no zató terpétʹ ne mogú molokó!",
"text": "Я про́сто обожа́ю кефи́р, но зато́ терпе́ть не могу́ молоко́!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kefir (a yogurt-like beverage made from fermented cows' milk)"
],
"id": "en-кефир-ru-noun--IEsmZSK",
"links": [
[
"kefir",
"kefir"
],
[
"yogurt",
"yogurt"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"fermented",
"fermented"
],
[
"cows'",
"cow"
],
[
"milk",
"milk"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "rjáženka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ря́женка"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Ru-кефир.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲɪˈfʲir]"
}
],
"word": "кефир"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kefir",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кефир",
"roman": "kefir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефирот",
"roman": "kefirot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кефиров",
"roman": "kefirov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефирон",
"roman": "kefiron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефиру",
"roman": "kefiru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "кефир • (kefir) m",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "кефирје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "кефира",
"def_dist_pl": "кефирине",
"def_dist_sg": "кефирон",
"def_prox_pl": "кефириве",
"def_prox_sg": "кефиров",
"def_unsp_pl": "кефирите",
"def_unsp_sg": "кефирот",
"ind_pl": "кефири",
"ind_sg": "кефир",
"n": "sg",
"voc_pl": "кефири",
"voc_sg": "кефиру",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table-single"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian masculine nouns",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian singularia tantum",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"kefir"
],
"links": [
[
"kefir",
"kefir"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɛfir]"
}
],
"word": "кефир"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kefir",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: kefir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: kefir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kefir",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kefir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kefir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "κεφίρ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: κεφίρ (kefír)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: κεφίρ (kefír)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "케피르",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 케피르 (kepireu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 케피르 (kepireu)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ქიფური"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian ქიფური (kipuri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "къӕпы"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian къӕпы (k’æpy)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "гыпы"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar гыпы (gıpı)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "köpürmek",
"t": "to foam"
},
"expansion": "Turkish köpürmek (“to foam”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed into Russian from a language of the Caucausus; compare Mingrelian ქიფური (kipuri), Ossetian къӕпы (k’æpy), Karachay-Balkar гыпы (gıpı). The ultimate origin is unknown. Relation with a potential Kipchak substrate *köpür-, akin to Turkish köpürmek (“to foam”), is unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кефи́р",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kefír",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ра",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ры",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ров",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́рный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́рчик",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́р",
"roman": "kefír",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ры",
"roman": "kefíry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ра",
"roman": "kefíra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ров",
"roman": "kefírov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ру",
"roman": "kefíru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́рам",
"roman": "kefíram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́р",
"roman": "kefír",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ры",
"roman": "kefíry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ром",
"roman": "kefírom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́рами",
"roman": "kefírami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ре",
"roman": "kefíre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́рах",
"roman": "kefírax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "кефи́ръ",
"roman": "kefír",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "кафи́р",
"roman": "kafír",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "кэфи́р",
"roman": "kɛfír",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "кафи́ръ",
"roman": "kafír",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "кэфи́ръ",
"roman": "kɛfír",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кефи́р",
"adj": "кефи́рный",
"dim": "кефи́рчик"
},
"expansion": "кефи́р • (kefír) m inan (genitive кефи́ра, nominative plural кефи́ры, genitive plural кефи́ров, relational adjective кефи́рный, diminutive кефи́рчик)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "rjáženka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ря́женка"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with unknown etymologies",
"Russian terms with usage examples",
"ru:Beverages",
"ru:Dairy products"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"english": "I just love kefir, but, on the other hand, I hate milk!",
"roman": "Ja prósto obožáju kefír, no zató terpétʹ ne mogú molokó!",
"text": "Я про́сто обожа́ю кефи́р, но зато́ терпе́ть не могу́ молоко́!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kefir (a yogurt-like beverage made from fermented cows' milk)"
],
"links": [
[
"kefir",
"kefir"
],
[
"yogurt",
"yogurt"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"fermented",
"fermented"
],
[
"cows'",
"cow"
],
[
"milk",
"milk"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Ru-кефир.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲɪˈfʲir]"
}
],
"word": "кефир"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кефир meaning in All languages combined (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (99a4ed9 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.