See кельме on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kelmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kelmə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "geluma"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian geluma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kīlma"
},
"expansion": "Livonian kīlma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "кылме"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari кылме (kylme)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kelmə, inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä ~ *kilmä (“cold; coldness, frost”), possibly borrowed from Pre-Baltic *gu̯el(u)mā (compare Lithuanian geluma).\nCognate with Finnish kylmä, Livonian kīlma, Eastern Mari кылме (kylme).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keľme",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "small",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кельме",
"roman": "keľme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кельметь",
"roman": "keľmeť",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмень",
"roman": "keľmeń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельменень",
"roman": "keľmeneń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмеде",
"roman": "keľmede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмесэ",
"roman": "keľmesë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельместэ",
"roman": "keľmestë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмес",
"roman": "keľmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмева",
"roman": "keľmeva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмекс",
"roman": "keľmeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмешка",
"roman": "keľmeška",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмевтеме",
"roman": "keľmevteme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кӓльме",
"roman": "käľme",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "кельме • (keľme)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Erzya entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"english": "Today it is five degrees cold.",
"roman": "Teči vete gradust keľme .",
"text": "Течи вете градуст кельме.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"id": "en-кельме-myv-noun-4nLe7N5y",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkelʲme/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkælʲme/"
}
],
"word": "кельме"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kelmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kelmə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "geluma"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian geluma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kīlma"
},
"expansion": "Livonian kīlma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "кылме"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari кылме (kylme)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kelmə, inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä ~ *kilmä (“cold; coldness, frost”), possibly borrowed from Pre-Baltic *gu̯el(u)mā (compare Lithuanian geluma).\nCognate with Finnish kylmä, Livonian kīlma, Eastern Mari кылме (kylme).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keľme",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кӓльме",
"roman": "käľme",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "adj"
},
"expansion": "кельме • (keľme)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Erzya entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"english": "to drink cold water",
"roman": "simems keľme vedte",
"text": "симемс кельме ведте",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"id": "en-кельме-myv-adj-4nLe7N5y",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkelʲme/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkælʲme/"
}
],
"word": "кельме"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "geluma"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian geluma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kīlma"
},
"expansion": "Livonian kīlma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä~*kilmä, possibly borrowed from Pre-Baltic *gu̯el(u)mā (compare Lithuanian geluma). Cognate with Finnish kylmä, Livonian kīlma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keľmä",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "keľmä"
},
"expansion": "кельме • (keľmä)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 0 17 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 17 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Moksha entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Moksha terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frost"
],
"id": "en-кельме-mdf-noun-178Mnqbq",
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kelʲmʲæ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kelʲmæ/"
}
],
"word": "кельме"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "geluma"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian geluma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kīlma"
},
"expansion": "Livonian kīlma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä~*kilmä, possibly borrowed from Pre-Baltic *gu̯el(u)mā (compare Lithuanian geluma). Cognate with Finnish kylmä, Livonian kīlma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keľme",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "adj"
},
"expansion": "кельме • (keľme)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"id": "en-кельме-mdf-adj-4nLe7N5y",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kelʲmʲæ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kelʲmæ/"
}
],
"word": "кельме"
}
{
"categories": [
"Erzya adjectives",
"Erzya entries with incorrect language header",
"Erzya lemmas",
"Erzya nouns",
"Erzya terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Erzya terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kelmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kelmə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "geluma"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian geluma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kīlma"
},
"expansion": "Livonian kīlma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "кылме"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari кылме (kylme)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kelmə, inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä ~ *kilmä (“cold; coldness, frost”), possibly borrowed from Pre-Baltic *gu̯el(u)mā (compare Lithuanian geluma).\nCognate with Finnish kylmä, Livonian kīlma, Eastern Mari кылме (kylme).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keľme",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "small",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кельме",
"roman": "keľme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кельметь",
"roman": "keľmeť",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмень",
"roman": "keľmeń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельменень",
"roman": "keľmeneń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмеде",
"roman": "keľmede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмесэ",
"roman": "keľmesë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельместэ",
"roman": "keľmestë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмес",
"roman": "keľmes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмева",
"roman": "keľmeva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмекс",
"roman": "keľmeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмешка",
"roman": "keľmeška",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кельмевтеме",
"roman": "keľmevteme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кӓльме",
"roman": "käľme",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "кельме • (keľme)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Erzya terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"english": "Today it is five degrees cold.",
"roman": "Teči vete gradust keľme .",
"text": "Течи вете градуст кельме.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkelʲme/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkælʲme/"
}
],
"word": "кельме"
}
{
"categories": [
"Erzya adjectives",
"Erzya entries with incorrect language header",
"Erzya lemmas",
"Erzya nouns",
"Erzya terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Erzya terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kelmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kelmə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "geluma"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian geluma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kīlma"
},
"expansion": "Livonian kīlma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "кылме"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari кылме (kylme)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kelmə, inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä ~ *kilmä (“cold; coldness, frost”), possibly borrowed from Pre-Baltic *gu̯el(u)mā (compare Lithuanian geluma).\nCognate with Finnish kylmä, Livonian kīlma, Eastern Mari кылме (kylme).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keľme",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кӓльме",
"roman": "käľme",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "adj"
},
"expansion": "кельме • (keľme)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Erzya terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"english": "to drink cold water",
"roman": "simems keľme vedte",
"text": "симемс кельме ведте",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkelʲme/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkælʲme/"
}
],
"word": "кельме"
}
{
"categories": [
"Moksha adjectives",
"Moksha entries with incorrect language header",
"Moksha lemmas",
"Moksha nouns",
"Moksha terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Moksha terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "geluma"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian geluma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kīlma"
},
"expansion": "Livonian kīlma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä~*kilmä, possibly borrowed from Pre-Baltic *gu̯el(u)mā (compare Lithuanian geluma). Cognate with Finnish kylmä, Livonian kīlma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keľmä",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "keľmä"
},
"expansion": "кельме • (keľmä)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"frost"
],
"links": [
[
"frost",
"frost"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kelʲmʲæ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kelʲmæ/"
}
],
"word": "кельме"
}
{
"categories": [
"Moksha adjectives",
"Moksha entries with incorrect language header",
"Moksha lemmas",
"Moksha nouns",
"Moksha terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Moksha terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "geluma"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian geluma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "kīlma"
},
"expansion": "Livonian kīlma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä~*kilmä, possibly borrowed from Pre-Baltic *gu̯el(u)mā (compare Lithuanian geluma). Cognate with Finnish kylmä, Livonian kīlma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "keľme",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "adj"
},
"expansion": "кельме • (keľme)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kelʲmʲæ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kelʲmæ/"
}
],
"word": "кельме"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кельме meaning in All languages combined (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.