"затруднять" meaning in All languages combined

See затруднять on Wiktionary

Verb [Russian]

IPA: [zətrʊdʲˈnʲætʲ] Audio: LL-Q7737 (rus)-Pacha Tchernof-затруднять.wav
Etymology: затрудни́ть (zatrudnítʹ) + -я́ть (-játʹ) Etymology templates: {{af|ru|затрудни́ть|-я́ть}} затрудни́ть (zatrudnítʹ) + -я́ть (-játʹ) Head templates: {{ru-verb|затрудня́ть|impf|pf=затрудни́ть}} затрудня́ть • (zatrudnjátʹ) impf (perfective затрудни́ть) Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|impf|1a|затрудня́ть}} Forms: затрудня́ть [canonical], zatrudnjátʹ [romanization], затрудни́ть [perfective], imperfective transitive [table-tags], затрудня́ть [imperfective, infinitive], затрудня́ющий [active, participle, present], затрудня́вший [active, participle, past], затрудня́емый [participle, passive, present], - [participle, passive, past], затрудня́я [adverbial, participle, present], затрудня́в [adverbial, participle, past], затрудня́вши [adverbial, participle, past], затрудня́ю [first-person, present, singular], бу́ду затрудня́ть [first-person, future, singular], затрудня́ешь [present, second-person, singular], бу́дешь затрудня́ть [future, second-person, singular], затрудня́ет [present, singular, third-person], бу́дет затрудня́ть [future, singular, third-person], затрудня́ем [first-person, plural, present], бу́дем затрудня́ть [first-person, future, plural], затрудня́ете [plural, present, second-person], бу́дете затрудня́ть [future, plural, second-person], затрудня́ют [plural, present, third-person], бу́дут затрудня́ть [future, plural, third-person], затрудня́й [imperative, singular], затрудня́йте [imperative, plural], затрудня́л [masculine, past, singular], затрудня́ли [masculine, past, plural], затрудня́ла [feminine, past, singular], затрудня́ли [feminine, past, plural], затрудня́ло [neuter, past, singular], затрудня́ли [neuter, past, plural]
  1. to hamper, to impede, to complicate
    Sense id: en-затруднять-ru-verb-nDG9aaCZ Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian terms suffixed with -ять Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 82 18 Disambiguation of Russian terms suffixed with -ять: 64 36
  2. to give/cause someone trouble, to make difficulties (for), to embarrass
    Sense id: en-затруднять-ru-verb-0SGAf997
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: затруднённый (zatrudnjónnyj), затрудне́ние (zatrudnénije), затрудни́тельный (zatrudnítelʹnyj), тру́дный (trúdnyj), тру́дно (trúdno), тру́дность (trúdnostʹ), труди́ть (trudítʹ) [imperfective], труди́ться (trudítʹsja), труд (trud), трудово́й (trudovój), утрудни́ть (utrudnítʹ)

Download JSON data for затруднять meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "затрудни́ть",
        "3": "-я́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "затрудни́ть (zatrudnítʹ) + -я́ть (-játʹ)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "затрудни́ть (zatrudnítʹ) + -я́ть (-játʹ)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zatrudnjátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудни́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1a imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ющий",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájuščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́вший",
      "roman": "zatrudnjávšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́емый",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájemyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́я",
      "roman": "zatrudnjája",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́в",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáv",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́вши",
      "roman": "zatrudnjávši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ю",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdu zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ешь",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáješʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ет",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdet zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ем",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdem zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ете",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdete zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ют",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdut zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́й",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́йте",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́л",
      "roman": "zatrudnjál",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ли",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ла",
      "roman": "zatrudnjála",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ли",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ло",
      "roman": "zatrudnjálo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ли",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "затрудня́ть",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "затрудни́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "затрудня́ть • (zatrudnjátʹ) impf (perfective затрудни́ть)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "1a",
        "3": "затрудня́ть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zatrudnjónnyj",
      "word": "затруднённый"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zatrudnénije",
      "word": "затрудне́ние"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zatrudnítelʹnyj",
      "word": "затрудни́тельный"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "trúdnyj",
      "word": "тру́дный"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "trúdno",
      "word": "тру́дно"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "trúdnostʹ",
      "word": "тру́дность"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "trudítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "труди́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "trudítʹsja",
      "word": "труди́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "trud",
      "word": "труд"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "trudovój",
      "word": "трудово́й"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "utrudnítʹ",
      "word": "утрудни́ть"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms suffixed with -ять",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "затрудня́ть движе́ния (об оде́жде и т.п.) ― zatrudnjátʹ dvižénija (ob odéžde i t.p.) ― to hamper smb's movement",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hamper, to impede, to complicate"
      ],
      "id": "en-затруднять-ru-verb-nDG9aaCZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "hamper",
          "hamper"
        ],
        [
          "impede",
          "impede"
        ],
        [
          "complicate",
          "complicate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to give/cause someone trouble, to make difficulties (for), to embarrass"
      ],
      "id": "en-затруднять-ru-verb-0SGAf997",
      "links": [
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "difficulties",
          "difficulties"
        ],
        [
          "embarrass",
          "embarrass"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[zətrʊdʲˈnʲætʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7737 (rus)-Pacha Tchernof-затруднять.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Pacha_Tchernof-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Pacha_Tchernof-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Pacha_Tchernof-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Pacha_Tchernof-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "затруднять"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 3-syllable words",
    "Russian class 1 verbs",
    "Russian class 1a verbs",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian imperfective verbs",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian terms suffixed with -ять",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "Russian transitive verbs",
    "Russian verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "затрудни́ть",
        "3": "-я́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "затрудни́ть (zatrudnítʹ) + -я́ть (-játʹ)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "затрудни́ть (zatrudnítʹ) + -я́ть (-játʹ)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zatrudnjátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудни́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1a imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ющий",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájuščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́вший",
      "roman": "zatrudnjávšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́емый",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájemyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́я",
      "roman": "zatrudnjája",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́в",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáv",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́вши",
      "roman": "zatrudnjávši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ю",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdu zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ешь",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáješʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ет",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdet zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ем",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdem zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ете",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdete zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ют",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут затрудня́ть",
      "roman": "búdut zatrudnjátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́й",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́йте",
      "roman": "zatrudnjájte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́л",
      "roman": "zatrudnjál",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ли",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ла",
      "roman": "zatrudnjála",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ли",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ло",
      "roman": "zatrudnjálo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "затрудня́ли",
      "roman": "zatrudnjáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "затрудня́ть",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "затрудни́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "затрудня́ть • (zatrudnjátʹ) impf (perfective затрудни́ть)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "1a",
        "3": "затрудня́ть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "zatrudnjónnyj",
      "word": "затруднённый"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zatrudnénije",
      "word": "затрудне́ние"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zatrudnítelʹnyj",
      "word": "затрудни́тельный"
    },
    {
      "roman": "trúdnyj",
      "word": "тру́дный"
    },
    {
      "roman": "trúdno",
      "word": "тру́дно"
    },
    {
      "roman": "trúdnostʹ",
      "word": "тру́дность"
    },
    {
      "roman": "trudítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "труди́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "trudítʹsja",
      "word": "труди́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "trud",
      "word": "труд"
    },
    {
      "roman": "trudovój",
      "word": "трудово́й"
    },
    {
      "roman": "utrudnítʹ",
      "word": "утрудни́ть"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "затрудня́ть движе́ния (об оде́жде и т.п.) ― zatrudnjátʹ dvižénija (ob odéžde i t.p.) ― to hamper smb's movement",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hamper, to impede, to complicate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hamper",
          "hamper"
        ],
        [
          "impede",
          "impede"
        ],
        [
          "complicate",
          "complicate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to give/cause someone trouble, to make difficulties (for), to embarrass"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "difficulties",
          "difficulties"
        ],
        [
          "embarrass",
          "embarrass"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[zətrʊdʲˈnʲætʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7737 (rus)-Pacha Tchernof-затруднять.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Pacha_Tchernof-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Pacha_Tchernof-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Pacha_Tchernof-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Pacha_Tchernof-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "затруднять"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.