See χάος on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: χάος (cháos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: χάος (cháos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "քաոս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: gas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: gas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქაოსი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́о́с",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "хаосъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: kaaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: kaaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "カオス",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: カオス",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: カオス"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: kaos"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeh₂-",
"4": "*gʰeh₂-",
"5": "to yawn, gape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gōmô",
"t": "gum, palate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gōmô (“gum, palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gomurỹs",
"t": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "*qew-",
"t": "ravine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan *qew- (“ravine”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely related to χαῦνος (khaûnos, “porous, loose-grained”) (via an earlier form χάος (kháos) < *χάϝος (*kháwos)), with original meaning \"hole, empty space, yawning opening\"; from this spring the traditional connections with χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”), χήμη (khḗmē, “gaping; clam”). If so, then likely from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”); cognates thus include Proto-Germanic *gōmô (“gum, palate”) and Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”) (< *gʰéh₂mr̥/n-). The Germanic and Baltic terms probably originally referred to \"mouth\" before shifting to \"palate\".\nAn alternative theory by Furnee connects the word with Proto-Georgian-Zan *qew- (“ravine”).\nThe oft-compared χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”) is likely not related.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khắos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́εος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò khắos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "toû khắous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ χᾰ́ει",
"roman": "tôi khắei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò khắos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "khắos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́εος",
"2": "n",
"3": "third",
"gen2": "χᾰ́ους",
"head": "χᾰ́ος"
},
"expansion": "χᾰ́ος • (khắos) n (genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "singular only",
"3": "uncountable"
},
"expansion": "(singular only, uncountable)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ους",
"form": "n-S"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 11 22 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 12 23 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chaos, the primordial state of existence"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-SDjAr746",
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"space, air"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-~wccr-CX",
"links": [
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abyss, chasm"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-X-31kzwe",
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
],
[
"chasm",
"chasm"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"infinite darkness"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-fb71EF6B",
"links": [
[
"infinite",
"infinite"
],
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khắos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "khắos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "khắon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "khắoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "khắă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "khắou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "khắou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "khắoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "khắoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "khắōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "khắōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "khắōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "khắōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "khắoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "khắoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "khắois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "khắois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "khắon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "khắon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "khắous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "khắă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ε",
"roman": "khắe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "khắon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "khắoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "khắă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ως",
"roman": "khắōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτερος",
"roman": "khăṓteros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτᾰτος",
"roman": "khăṓtătos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ον"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kháïos, “genuine, true”",
"word": "χάϊος"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 20 6 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 6 6 6 5 7 6 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 5 5 5 4 5 5 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of χάϊος (kháïos, “genuine, true”)"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-adj-oB7vMCNR",
"links": [
[
"χάϊος",
"χάϊος#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "the chaos theory",
"roman": "i theoría tou cháous",
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "η θεωρία του χάους"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "chaotic",
"roman": "chaotikós",
"word": "χαοτικός"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "fr",
"3": "chaos",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from French chaos",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos). For sense disorder, mess, semantic loan from French chaos (in that sense) from Latin chaos, from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cháos",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nN-ος-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"roman": "cháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάους",
"roman": "cháous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"roman": "cháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"roman": "cháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "χάος • (cháos) n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "χάος • (cháos) n",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"χά‧ος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χάος",
"2": "χάους",
"3": "χάος",
"4": "χάος",
"note": "Plural χάη, as in literature."
},
"name": "el-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chaos"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-χάος-el-noun-XVvdtXcQ",
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only) chaos"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disorder, mess"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-χάος-el-noun-oCTLaYel",
"links": [
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
],
[
"mess",
"mess"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only, figuratively) disorder, mess"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"singular",
"singular-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "el:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 18 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'θέρος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chaos"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-χάος-el-noun-XVvdtXcQ1",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only, mathematics) chaos"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "45 8 47",
"roman": "akatastasía",
"sense": "disorder, chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ακαταστασία"
}
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek singularia tantum",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: χάος (cháos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: χάος (cháos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "քաոս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: gas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: gas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქაოსი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́о́с",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "хаосъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: kaaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: kaaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "カオス",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: カオス",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: カオス"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: kaos"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeh₂-",
"4": "*gʰeh₂-",
"5": "to yawn, gape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gōmô",
"t": "gum, palate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gōmô (“gum, palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gomurỹs",
"t": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "*qew-",
"t": "ravine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan *qew- (“ravine”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely related to χαῦνος (khaûnos, “porous, loose-grained”) (via an earlier form χάος (kháos) < *χάϝος (*kháwos)), with original meaning \"hole, empty space, yawning opening\"; from this spring the traditional connections with χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”), χήμη (khḗmē, “gaping; clam”). If so, then likely from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”); cognates thus include Proto-Germanic *gōmô (“gum, palate”) and Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”) (< *gʰéh₂mr̥/n-). The Germanic and Baltic terms probably originally referred to \"mouth\" before shifting to \"palate\".\nAn alternative theory by Furnee connects the word with Proto-Georgian-Zan *qew- (“ravine”).\nThe oft-compared χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”) is likely not related.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khắos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́εος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò khắos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "toû khắous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ χᾰ́ει",
"roman": "tôi khắei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò khắos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "khắos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́εος",
"2": "n",
"3": "third",
"gen2": "χᾰ́ους",
"head": "χᾰ́ος"
},
"expansion": "χᾰ́ος • (khắos) n (genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "singular only",
"3": "uncountable"
},
"expansion": "(singular only, uncountable)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ους",
"form": "n-S"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chaos, the primordial state of existence"
],
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"space, air"
],
"links": [
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abyss, chasm"
],
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
],
[
"chasm",
"chasm"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"infinite darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"infinite",
"infinite"
],
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khắos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "khắos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "khắon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "khắoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "khắă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "khắou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "khắou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "khắoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "khắoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "khắōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "khắōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "khắōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "khắōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "khắoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "khắoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "khắois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "khắois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "khắon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "khắon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "khắous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "khắă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ε",
"roman": "khắe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "khắon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "khắō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "khắoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "khắă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ως",
"roman": "khắōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτερος",
"roman": "khăṓteros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτᾰτος",
"roman": "khăṓtătos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ον"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kháïos, “genuine, true”",
"word": "χάϊος"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of χάϊος (kháïos, “genuine, true”)"
],
"links": [
[
"χάϊος",
"χάϊος#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek learned borrowings from Ancient Greek",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek neuter nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'θέρος'",
"Greek semantic loans from French",
"Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from French",
"Greek terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "the chaos theory",
"roman": "i theoría tou cháous",
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "η θεωρία του χάους"
},
{
"english": "chaotic",
"roman": "chaotikós",
"word": "χαοτικός"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "fr",
"3": "chaos",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from French chaos",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos). For sense disorder, mess, semantic loan from French chaos (in that sense) from Latin chaos, from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cháos",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nN-ος-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"roman": "cháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάους",
"roman": "cháous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"roman": "cháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"roman": "cháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "χάος • (cháos) n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "χάος • (cháos) n",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"χά‧ος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χάος",
"2": "χάους",
"3": "χάος",
"4": "χάος",
"note": "Plural χάη, as in literature."
},
"name": "el-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greek singularia tantum"
],
"glosses": [
"chaos"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only) chaos"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek singularia tantum"
],
"glosses": [
"disorder, mess"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
],
[
"mess",
"mess"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only, figuratively) disorder, mess"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"singular",
"singular-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek singularia tantum",
"el:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"chaos"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only, mathematics) chaos"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "akatastasía",
"sense": "disorder, chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ακαταστασία"
}
],
"word": "χάος"
}
Download raw JSONL data for χάος meaning in All languages combined (16.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: χάος/Ancient Greek 'Number' base_tags={'d', '2', 's', 'i', 'A', 't', 'n', 'c', 'o', 'l', '-', 'e'}",
"path": [
"χάος"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "χάος",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, χάος/Greek",
"path": [
"χάος"
],
"section": "Greek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "χάος",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.