See χάος on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for χάος meaning in All languages combined (16.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: χάος (cháos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: χάος (cháos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "քաոս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: gas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: gas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქაოსი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́о́с",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "хаосъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: kaaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: kaaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "カオス",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: カオス",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: カオス"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: kaos"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χαίνω"
},
"expansion": "χαίνω (khaínō)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάσκω",
"3": "",
"4": "I gape, yawn"
},
"expansion": "χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰeh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂-",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χώρα",
"3": "",
"4": "open space, place"
},
"expansion": "χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bat",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "guomo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German guomo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "goumo"
},
"expansion": "goumo",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gómr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gómr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gomurỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gomurỹs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰéHmn̥",
"3": "*ǵʰeh₂-mn-"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰeh₂-mn-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Has traditionally been connected to χαίνω (khaínō), χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”) (< Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂-) or χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”). Beekes additionally compares Baltic and Germanic words for “palate”: Old High German guomo, goumo, Old Norse gómr, Lithuanian gomurỹs < ? PIE *ǵʰeh₂-mn-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kháos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́εος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "toû kháous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ χᾰ́ει",
"roman": "tôi kháei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́εος",
"2": "n",
"3": "third",
"gen2": "χᾰ́ους",
"head": "χᾰ́ος"
},
"expansion": "χᾰ́ος • (kháos) n (genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ους",
"form": "n-S"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 11 22 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 12 23 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chaos, the primordial state of existence"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-SDjAr746",
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"space, air"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-~wccr-CX",
"links": [
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abyss, chasm"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-X-31kzwe",
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
],
[
"chasm",
"chasm"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"infinite darkness"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-fb71EF6B",
"links": [
[
"infinite",
"infinite"
],
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kháos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "kháoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "kháou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "kháou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "kháōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "kháōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "kháōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "kháōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "kháois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "kháois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "kháous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ε",
"roman": "kháe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "kháoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ως",
"roman": "kháōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτερος",
"roman": "khaṓteros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτᾰτος",
"roman": "khaṓtatos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ον"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(kháïos) \"genuine, true\"",
"word": "χάϊος"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 20 6 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 20 6 13 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of χάϊος (kháïos) \"genuine, true\""
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-adj-X12CeKuz",
"links": [
[
"χάϊος",
"χάϊος#Ancient Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "the chaos theory",
"roman": "i theoría tou cháous",
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "η θεωρία του χάους"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "chaotic",
"roman": "chaotikós",
"word": "χαοτικός"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "fr",
"3": "chaos",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from French chaos",
"name": "sl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "chaos"
},
"expansion": "chaos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "χάος (kháos)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos). For sense disorder, mess, semantic loan from French chaos (in that sense) from Latin chaos, from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cháos",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nN-ος-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Plural χάη",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "as in literature.",
"source": "declension"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "χάος • (cháos) n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "χάος • (cháos) n",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"χά‧ος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χάος",
"2": "χάους",
"3": "χάος",
"4": "χάος",
"note": "Plural χάη, as in literature."
},
"name": "el-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chaos"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-χάος-el-noun-XVvdtXcQ",
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only) chaos"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disorder, mess"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-χάος-el-noun-oCTLaYel",
"links": [
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
],
[
"mess",
"mess"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only, figuratively) disorder, mess"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "24 50 26",
"roman": "akatastasía",
"sense": "disorder, chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ακαταστασία"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"singular",
"singular-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "el:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 20 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 30 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'θέρος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chaos"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-χάος-el-noun-XVvdtXcQ1",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only, mathematics) chaos"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
}
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek singularia tantum",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
"Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek uncountable nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: χάος (cháos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: χάος (cháos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "քաոս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: gas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: gas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქაოსი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́о́с",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "хаосъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: kaaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: kaaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "カオス",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: カオス",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: カオス"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: kaos"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χαίνω"
},
"expansion": "χαίνω (khaínō)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάσκω",
"3": "",
"4": "I gape, yawn"
},
"expansion": "χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰeh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂-",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χώρα",
"3": "",
"4": "open space, place"
},
"expansion": "χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bat",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "guomo"
},
"expansion": "Old High German guomo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "goumo"
},
"expansion": "goumo",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gómr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gómr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gomurỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gomurỹs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰéHmn̥",
"3": "*ǵʰeh₂-mn-"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰeh₂-mn-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Has traditionally been connected to χαίνω (khaínō), χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”) (< Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂-) or χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”). Beekes additionally compares Baltic and Germanic words for “palate”: Old High German guomo, goumo, Old Norse gómr, Lithuanian gomurỹs < ? PIE *ǵʰeh₂-mn-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kháos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́εος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "toû kháous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ χᾰ́ει",
"roman": "tôi kháei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́εος",
"2": "n",
"3": "third",
"gen2": "χᾰ́ους",
"head": "χᾰ́ος"
},
"expansion": "χᾰ́ος • (kháos) n (genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ους",
"form": "n-S"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chaos, the primordial state of existence"
],
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"space, air"
],
"links": [
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abyss, chasm"
],
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
],
[
"chasm",
"chasm"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"infinite darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"infinite",
"infinite"
],
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kháos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "kháoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "kháou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "kháou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "kháōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "kháōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "kháōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "kháōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "kháois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "kháois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "kháous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ε",
"roman": "kháe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "kháoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ως",
"roman": "kháōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτερος",
"roman": "khaṓteros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτᾰτος",
"roman": "khaṓtatos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ον"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(kháïos) \"genuine, true\"",
"word": "χάϊος"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of χάϊος (kháïos) \"genuine, true\""
],
"links": [
[
"χάϊος",
"χάϊος#Ancient Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek learned borrowings from Ancient Greek",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek neuter nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'θέρος'",
"Greek semantic loans from French",
"Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms derived from French",
"Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Greek terms with quotations"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "the chaos theory",
"roman": "i theoría tou cháous",
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "η θεωρία του χάους"
},
{
"english": "chaotic",
"roman": "chaotikós",
"word": "χαοτικός"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "fr",
"3": "chaos",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from French chaos",
"name": "sl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "chaos"
},
"expansion": "chaos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "χάος (kháos)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos). For sense disorder, mess, semantic loan from French chaos (in that sense) from Latin chaos, from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cháos",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nN-ος-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χάος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Plural χάη",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "as in literature.",
"source": "declension"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "χάος • (cháos) n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "χάος • (cháos) n",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"χά‧ος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χάος",
"2": "χάους",
"3": "χάος",
"4": "χάος",
"note": "Plural χάη, as in literature."
},
"name": "el-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greek singularia tantum"
],
"glosses": [
"chaos"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only) chaos"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek singularia tantum"
],
"glosses": [
"disorder, mess"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
],
[
"mess",
"mess"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only, figuratively) disorder, mess"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"singular",
"singular-only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greek singularia tantum",
"el:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"chaos"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(singular only, mathematics) chaos"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "akatastasía",
"sense": "disorder, chaos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ακαταστασία"
}
],
"word": "χάος"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.