See χάος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: χάος (cháos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: χάος (cháos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "քաոս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: gas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: gas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქაოსი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́о́с",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "хаосъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: kaaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: kaaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "カオス",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: カオス",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: カオス"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: kaos"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeh₂-",
"4": "*gʰeh₂-",
"5": "to yawn, gape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gōmô",
"t": "gum, palate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gōmô (“gum, palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gomurỹs",
"t": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "*qew-",
"t": "ravine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan *qew- (“ravine”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely related to χαῦνος (khaûnos, “porous, loose-grained”) (via an earlier form χάος (kháos) < *χάϝος (*kháwos)), with original meaning \"hole, empty space, yawning opening\"; from this spring the traditional connections with χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”), χήμη (khḗmē, “gaping; clam”). If so, then likely from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”); cognates thus include Proto-Germanic *gōmô (“gum, palate”) and Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”) (< *gʰéh₂mr̥/n-). The Germanic and Baltic terms probably originally referred to \"mouth\" before shifting to \"palate\".\nAn alternative theory by Furnee connects the word with Proto-Georgian-Zan *qew- (“ravine”).\nThe oft-compared χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”) is likely not related.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kháos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́εος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "toû kháous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ χᾰ́ει",
"roman": "tôi kháei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́εος",
"2": "n",
"3": "third",
"gen2": "χᾰ́ους",
"head": "χᾰ́ος"
},
"expansion": "χᾰ́ος • (kháos) n (genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "singular only",
"3": "uncountable"
},
"expansion": "(singular only, uncountable)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ους",
"form": "n-S"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 11 22 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 12 23 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chaos, the primordial state of existence"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-SDjAr746",
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"space, air"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-~wccr-CX",
"links": [
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abyss, chasm"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-X-31kzwe",
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
],
[
"chasm",
"chasm"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"infinite darkness"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-noun-fb71EF6B",
"links": [
[
"infinite",
"infinite"
],
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kháos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "kháoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "kháou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "kháou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "kháōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "kháōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "kháōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "kháōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "kháois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "kháois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "kháous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ε",
"roman": "kháe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "kháoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ως",
"roman": "kháōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτερος",
"roman": "khaṓteros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτᾰτος",
"roman": "khaṓtatos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ον"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kháïos, “genuine, true”",
"word": "χάϊος"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 20 6 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 6 6 6 5 7 6 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 5 5 5 4 5 5 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of χάϊος (kháïos, “genuine, true”)"
],
"id": "en-χάος-grc-adj-oB7vMCNR",
"links": [
[
"χάϊος",
"χάϊος#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek singularia tantum",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "χάος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: χάος (cháos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: χάος (cháos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "քաոս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: gas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: gas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქაოსი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: chaos\nFrench: chaos\nItalian: caos, caosse, cao\nPortuguese: caos\nRomanian: haos, caos\nSpanish: caos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́о́с",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "хаосъ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)\nBelarusian: хао́с (xaós)\nCarpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)\nUkrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: chaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: chaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kaaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: kaaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: kaaos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "カオス",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: カオス",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: カオス"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kaos",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: kaos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: kaos"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeh₂-",
"4": "*gʰeh₂-",
"5": "to yawn, gape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gōmô",
"t": "gum, palate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gōmô (“gum, palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gomurỹs",
"t": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "*qew-",
"t": "ravine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan *qew- (“ravine”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely related to χαῦνος (khaûnos, “porous, loose-grained”) (via an earlier form χάος (kháos) < *χάϝος (*kháwos)), with original meaning \"hole, empty space, yawning opening\"; from this spring the traditional connections with χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”), χήμη (khḗmē, “gaping; clam”). If so, then likely from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₂- (“to yawn, gape”); cognates thus include Proto-Germanic *gōmô (“gum, palate”) and Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”) (< *gʰéh₂mr̥/n-). The Germanic and Baltic terms probably originally referred to \"mouth\" before shifting to \"palate\".\nAn alternative theory by Furnee connects the word with Proto-Georgian-Zan *qew- (“ravine”).\nThe oft-compared χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”) is likely not related.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kháos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́εος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "toû kháous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ χᾰ́ει",
"roman": "tôi kháei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "tò kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́εος",
"2": "n",
"3": "third",
"gen2": "χᾰ́ους",
"head": "χᾰ́ος"
},
"expansion": "χᾰ́ος • (kháos) n (genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "singular only",
"3": "uncountable"
},
"expansion": "(singular only, uncountable)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ους",
"form": "n-S"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chaos, the primordial state of existence"
],
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"space, air"
],
"links": [
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abyss, chasm"
],
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
],
[
"chasm",
"chasm"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"infinite darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"infinite",
"infinite"
],
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kháos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ος",
"roman": "kháos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "kháoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "kháou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ου",
"roman": "kháou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "kháōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ων",
"roman": "kháōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "kháōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ῳ",
"roman": "kháōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οιν",
"roman": "kháoin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "kháois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οις",
"roman": "kháois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ους",
"roman": "kháous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ε",
"roman": "kháe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ον",
"roman": "kháon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ω",
"roman": "kháō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́οι",
"roman": "kháoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ᾰ",
"roman": "kháa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰ́ως",
"roman": "kháōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτερος",
"roman": "khaṓteros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "χᾰώτᾰτος",
"roman": "khaṓtatos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "χᾰ́ος",
"2": "ον"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "kháïos, “genuine, true”",
"word": "χάϊος"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of χάϊος (kháïos, “genuine, true”)"
],
"links": [
[
"χάϊος",
"χάϊος#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"singular",
"singular-only",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰá.os/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰa.os/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxa.os/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Chaos (mythology)"
],
"word": "χάος"
}
Download raw JSONL data for χάος meaning in Ancient Greek (13.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: χάος/Ancient Greek 'Number' base_tags={'d', 'i', 'o', 'c', 'n', 't', 'A', '-', 'e', 's', 'l', '2'}",
"path": [
"χάος"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "χάος",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.