"καμπάνα" meaning in All languages combined

See καμπάνα on Wiktionary

Noun [Greek]

IPA: /kamˈba.na/
Etymology: From Byzantine Greek καμπάνα (kampána), from Late Latin campāna. Etymology templates: {{inh|el|gkm|καμπάνα}} Byzantine Greek καμπάνα (kampána), {{der|el|LL.|campāna}} Late Latin campāna Head templates: {{head|el|nouns|||plural|καμπάνες|||||||||||||||||||||||cat2=|cat3=|cat4=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|tr2=}} καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες), {{el-noun|f|καμπάνες}} καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες) Inflection templates: {{el-decl-noun|καμπάνα|καμπάνες|καμπάνας|καμπανών|καμπάνα|καμπάνες|καμπάνα|καμπάνες|note=}} Forms: kampána [romanization], καμπάνες [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], καμπάνα [nominative, singular], καμπάνες [nominative, plural], καμπάνας [genitive, singular], καμπανών [genitive, plural], καμπάνα [accusative, singular], καμπάνες [accusative, plural], καμπάνα [singular, vocative], καμπάνες [plural, vocative]
  1. bell (church bell, etc) Synonyms: κουδούνι (koudoúni) [neuter], κωδώνιον (kodónion) [neuter], κώδων (kódon) [masculine] Derived forms: καμπαναριό (kampanarió) (english: bell tower) [neuter], καμπανίζω (kampanízo) (english: to chime, to ring bells), καμπανολογία (kampanología) (english: campanology) [feminine] Related terms: κουδούνι (koudoúni) (english: electric bell, door bell) [neuter]
    Sense id: en-καμπάνα-el-noun-aogpeu29 Categories (other): Greek entries with incorrect language header, Greek nouns declining like 'ιστορία', Greek undefined derivations Disambiguation of Greek entries with incorrect language header: 97 3 Disambiguation of Greek nouns declining like 'ιστορία': 58 42 Disambiguation of Greek undefined derivations: 90 10
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: kampàna — Italiot
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Greek]

Etymology: From French cabane (“hut”). Etymology templates: {{uder|el|fr|cabane||hut}} French cabane (“hut”) Head templates: {{head|el|nouns|||plural|καμπάνες|||||||||||||||||||||||cat2=|cat3=|cat4=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|tr2=}} καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες), {{el-noun|f|καμπάνες}} καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες) Inflection templates: {{el-decl-noun|καμπάνα|καμπάνες|καμπάνας|καμπανών|καμπάνα|καμπάνες|καμπάνα|καμπάνες|note=}} Forms: kampána [romanization], καμπάνες [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], καμπάνα [nominative, singular], καμπάνες [nominative, plural], καμπάνας [genitive, singular], καμπανών [genitive, plural], καμπάνα [accusative, singular], καμπάνες [accusative, plural], καμπάνα [singular, vocative], καμπάνες [plural, vocative]
  1. bungalow Synonyms: μπανγκαλόου (bangkalóou) [neuter]
    Sense id: en-καμπάνα-el-noun-AjJqK0li
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: kampàna — Italiot
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for καμπάνα meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "cãmbanã",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Aromanian: cãmbanã",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Aromanian: cãmbanã"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "камбана",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bulgarian: камбана (kambana)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bulgarian: камбана (kambana)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "камбана",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Macedonian: камбана (kambana)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Macedonian: камбана (kambana)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "gkm",
        "3": "καμπάνα"
      },
      "expansion": "Byzantine Greek καμπάνα (kampána)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "campāna"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin campāna",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Byzantine Greek καμπάνα (kampána), from Late Latin campāna.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kampána",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "el-nF-α-ες-2b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνας",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπανών",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "19": "",
        "2": "nouns",
        "20": "",
        "21": "",
        "22": "",
        "23": "",
        "24": "",
        "25": "",
        "26": "",
        "27": "",
        "28": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "καμπάνες",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "καμπάνες"
      },
      "expansion": "καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες)",
      "name": "el-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "καμπάνα",
        "2": "καμπάνες",
        "3": "καμπάνας",
        "4": "καμπανών",
        "5": "καμπάνα",
        "6": "καμπάνες",
        "7": "καμπάνα",
        "8": "καμπάνες",
        "note": ""
      },
      "name": "el-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Greek",
  "lang_code": "el",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greek nouns declining like 'ιστορία'",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greek undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "bell tower",
          "roman": "kampanarió",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "καμπαναριό"
        },
        {
          "english": "to chime, to ring bells",
          "roman": "kampanízo",
          "word": "καμπανίζω"
        },
        {
          "english": "campanology",
          "roman": "kampanología",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "καμπανολογία"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bell (church bell, etc)"
      ],
      "id": "en-καμπάνα-el-noun-aogpeu29",
      "links": [
        [
          "bell",
          "bell"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "electric bell, door bell",
          "roman": "koudoúni",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "κουδούνι"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "koudoúni",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "κουδούνι"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kodónion",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "κωδώνιον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kódon",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "κώδων"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kamˈba.na/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kampàna — Italiot"
    }
  ],
  "word": "καμπάνα"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "cabane",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hut"
      },
      "expansion": "French cabane (“hut”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French cabane (“hut”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kampána",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "el-nF-α-ες-2b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνας",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπανών",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "19": "",
        "2": "nouns",
        "20": "",
        "21": "",
        "22": "",
        "23": "",
        "24": "",
        "25": "",
        "26": "",
        "27": "",
        "28": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "καμπάνες",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "καμπάνες"
      },
      "expansion": "καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες)",
      "name": "el-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "καμπάνα",
        "2": "καμπάνες",
        "3": "καμπάνας",
        "4": "καμπανών",
        "5": "καμπάνα",
        "6": "καμπάνες",
        "7": "καμπάνα",
        "8": "καμπάνες",
        "note": ""
      },
      "name": "el-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Greek",
  "lang_code": "el",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bungalow"
      ],
      "id": "en-καμπάνα-el-noun-AjJqK0li",
      "links": [
        [
          "bungalow",
          "bungalow"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "bangkalóou",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "μπανγκαλόου"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kampàna — Italiot"
    }
  ],
  "word": "καμπάνα"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Greek feminine nouns",
    "Greek lemmas",
    "Greek nouns",
    "Greek nouns declining like 'ιστορία'",
    "Greek terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
    "Greek terms derived from French",
    "Greek terms derived from Late Latin",
    "Greek terms inherited from Byzantine Greek",
    "Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Greek undefined derivations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "bell tower",
      "roman": "kampanarió",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "καμπαναριό"
    },
    {
      "english": "to chime, to ring bells",
      "roman": "kampanízo",
      "word": "καμπανίζω"
    },
    {
      "english": "campanology",
      "roman": "kampanología",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "καμπανολογία"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "cãmbanã",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Aromanian: cãmbanã",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Aromanian: cãmbanã"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "камбана",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bulgarian: камбана (kambana)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bulgarian: камбана (kambana)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "камбана",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Macedonian: камбана (kambana)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Macedonian: камбана (kambana)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "gkm",
        "3": "καμπάνα"
      },
      "expansion": "Byzantine Greek καμπάνα (kampána)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "campāna"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin campāna",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Byzantine Greek καμπάνα (kampána), from Late Latin campāna.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kampána",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "el-nF-α-ες-2b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνας",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπανών",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "19": "",
        "2": "nouns",
        "20": "",
        "21": "",
        "22": "",
        "23": "",
        "24": "",
        "25": "",
        "26": "",
        "27": "",
        "28": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "καμπάνες",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "καμπάνες"
      },
      "expansion": "καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες)",
      "name": "el-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "καμπάνα",
        "2": "καμπάνες",
        "3": "καμπάνας",
        "4": "καμπανών",
        "5": "καμπάνα",
        "6": "καμπάνες",
        "7": "καμπάνα",
        "8": "καμπάνες",
        "note": ""
      },
      "name": "el-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Greek",
  "lang_code": "el",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "electric bell, door bell",
      "roman": "koudoúni",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "κουδούνι"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bell (church bell, etc)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bell",
          "bell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kamˈba.na/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "koudoúni",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "κουδούνι"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kodónion",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "κωδώνιον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kódon",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κώδων"
    },
    {
      "word": "kampàna — Italiot"
    }
  ],
  "word": "καμπάνα"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Greek feminine nouns",
    "Greek lemmas",
    "Greek nouns",
    "Greek nouns declining like 'ιστορία'",
    "Greek terms derived from French",
    "Greek undefined derivations"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "cabane",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hut"
      },
      "expansion": "French cabane (“hut”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French cabane (“hut”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kampána",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "el-nF-α-ες-2b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνας",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπανών",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνα",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "καμπάνες",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "19": "",
        "2": "nouns",
        "20": "",
        "21": "",
        "22": "",
        "23": "",
        "24": "",
        "25": "",
        "26": "",
        "27": "",
        "28": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "καμπάνες",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "cat4": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "καμπάνες"
      },
      "expansion": "καμπάνα • (kampána) f (plural καμπάνες)",
      "name": "el-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "καμπάνα",
        "2": "καμπάνες",
        "3": "καμπάνας",
        "4": "καμπανών",
        "5": "καμπάνα",
        "6": "καμπάνες",
        "7": "καμπάνα",
        "8": "καμπάνες",
        "note": ""
      },
      "name": "el-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Greek",
  "lang_code": "el",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bungalow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bungalow",
          "bungalow"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "bangkalóou",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "μπανγκαλόου"
    },
    {
      "word": "kampàna — Italiot"
    }
  ],
  "word": "καμπάνα"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.