See βάρβαρος on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for βάρβαρος meaning in All languages combined (37.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbaróomai",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρόομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbaróphōnos",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρόφωνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbarízō",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐ́ζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbarikós",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐκός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbarismós",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐσμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbaristí",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐστῐ́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ekbarbaróō",
"word": "ἐκβᾰρβᾰρόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mixobárbaros",
"word": "μιξοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mīsobárbaros",
"word": "μῑσοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hupobárbaros",
"word": "ὑποβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "philobárbaros",
"word": "φῐλοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "βάρβαρος",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Greek: βάρβαρος m (várvaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: βάρβαρος m (várvaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بَرْبَر",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: بَرْبَر (barbar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: بَرْبَر (barbar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Berber",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Berber",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Berber"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բարբարոս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "բարբարոս"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "barbare",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: barbare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: barbare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oge",
"2": "ბარბაროსი",
"3": "ბარბაროზი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi), ბარბაროზი (barbarozi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi), ბარბაროზი (barbarozi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ბარბაროსი"
},
"expansion": "Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "barbarus",
"3": "barbara",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: barbarus m, barbara f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: barbarus m, barbara f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "barbarian",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: barbarian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: barbarian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Barbar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Barbar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Barbar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barbari",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: barbari m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: barbari m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "barbarzyńca",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: barbarzyńca m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: barbarzyńca m"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔 (barbarīg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔 (barbarīg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "بربری",
"tr": "barbari"
},
"expansion": "Persian: بربری (barbari)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: بربری (barbari)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bárbaro",
"3": "bárbara",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bárbaro m, bárbara f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bárbaro m, bárbara f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́рвар",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ва́рвар m (várvar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ва́рвар m (várvar)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "βαρ-βαρ"
},
"expansion": "βαρ-βαρ (bar-bar)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blah blah"
},
"expansion": "blah blah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "gibberish"
},
"expansion": "gibberish",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "gabble"
},
"expansion": "gabble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "babble"
},
"expansion": "babble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰa-bʰa-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰa-bʰa-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀞𐀫"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀞𐀫 (pa-pa-ro)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बर्बर",
"3": "",
"4": "barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बर्बर (barbara, “barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*balb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *balb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*balbal-",
"3": "",
"4": "tongue-tied"
},
"expansion": "*balbal- (“tongue-tied”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "balbus",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering, stuttering"
},
"expansion": "Latin balbus (“stammering, stuttering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "болтать",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, babble"
},
"expansion": "Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chatter, babble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "balbė́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to talk, babble"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian balbė́ti (“to talk, babble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बल्बला",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बल्बला (balbalā, “stammering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "belbët",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering"
},
"expansion": "Albanian belbët (“stammering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "عَجَم",
"t": "non-Arab; Persian"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arab; Persian”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ع ج م",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ع ج م (ʕ-j-m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*němьcь",
"t": "non-Slav, German"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *němьcь (“non-Slav, German”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*němъ",
"t": "mute"
},
"expansion": "*němъ (“mute”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic: from the perceived βαρ-βαρ (bar-bar) sounds incomprehensible to Ancient Greeks and spoken by foreigners. As an onomatopoeic construction, βαρ-βαρ is similar to modern English blah blah, but meaning gibberish, gabble; compare also babble from Proto-Indo-European *bʰa-bʰa-. Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀞𐀫 (pa-pa-ro) and Sanskrit बर्बर (barbara, “barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead”).\nPossibly related to Proto-Indo-European *balb-, *balbal- (“tongue-tied”). Compare with Latin balbus (“stammering, stuttering”), Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chatter, babble”) and балабол(“over-talkative”, chatterbox), Lithuanian balbė́ti (“to talk, babble”), Sanskrit बल्बला (balbalā, “stammering”), Albanian belbët (“stammering”).\nFor the semantic development, compare Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arab; Persian”), from the root ع ج م (ʕ-j-m), referring to people who speak unclearly, or Proto-Slavic *němьcь (“non-Slav, German”), from *němъ (“mute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bárbaros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"roman": "bárbaros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰροι",
"roman": "bárbaroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρου",
"roman": "barbárou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρου",
"roman": "barbárou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρων",
"roman": "barbárōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρων",
"roman": "barbárōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρῳ",
"roman": "barbárōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρῳ",
"roman": "barbárōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροις",
"roman": "barbárois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροις",
"roman": "barbárois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρους",
"roman": "barbárous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρε",
"roman": "bárbare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰροι",
"roman": "bárbaroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρως",
"roman": "barbárōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰρώτερος",
"roman": "barbarṓteros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰρώτᾰτος",
"roman": "barbarṓtatos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"2": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign"
],
"id": "en-βάρβαρος-grc-adj-Jv0GRLCB",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"non-Greek peoples"
],
"id": "en-βάρβαρος-grc-adj-3mUBAVd9",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"(in the plural) non-Greek peoples"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 32 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 45 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 36 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And it is said that the Cilician [queen] asked Cyrus to show her his troops. So since he wanted to show them to her, he held a review of the Greeks and Persians in the field.",
"ref": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.2.14",
"roman": "Kaì légetai deēthênai hē Kílissa Kúrou epideîxai tò stráteuma autêi: boulómenos oûn epideîxai exétasin poieîtai en tôi pedíōi tôn Hellḗnōn kaì tôn barbárōn.",
"text": "Καὶ λέγεται δεηθῆναι ἡ Κίλισσα Κύρου ἐπιδεῖξαι τὸ στράτευμα αὐτῇ: βουλόμενος οὖν ἐπιδεῖξαι ἐξέτασιν ποιεῖται ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων."
}
],
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"non-Greek peoples",
"Medes or Persians"
],
"id": "en-βάρβαρος-grc-adj-azJRJ0oO",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"Medes",
"Medes"
],
[
"Persians",
"Persians"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"(in the plural) non-Greek peoples",
"Medes or Persians"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barbaric, brutal, rude"
],
"id": "en-βάρβαρος-grc-adj-MggR4BUd",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"barbaric",
"barbaric"
],
[
"brutal",
"brutal"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) barbaric, brutal, rude"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bár.ba.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβar.βa.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bár.ba.ros/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbar.ba.ros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβar.βa.ros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "βάρβαρος"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βάρβαρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "várvaros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαροι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-3b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβάρου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβάρων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβάρους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "βάρβαροι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "βάρβαρος • (várvaros) m (plural βάρβαροι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "βάρβαροι"
},
"expansion": "βάρβαρος • (várvaros) m (plural βάρβαροι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"βάρ‧βα‧ρος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βάρβαρος",
"2": "βάρβαροι",
"3": "βαρβάρου",
"4": "βαρβάρων",
"5": "βάρβαρο",
"6": "βαρβάρους",
"7": "βάρβαρε",
"8": "βάρβαροι",
"ap": "",
"gp": "",
"gs": "",
"note": "",
"np": "",
"vp": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek adjectives in declension ος-η-ο",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "el",
"name": "People",
"orig": "el:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What are we waiting for, assembled in the forum?\nThe barbarians are due here today.",
"text": "Constantine Cavafy (1863-1933), Περιμένοντας τους Bαρβάρους [Waiting for the Barbarians] and audio at The official website of the Cavafy Archive\nΤι περιμένουμε στην αγορά συναθροισμένοι;\nΕίναι οι βάρβαροι να φθάσουν σήμερα.\nTi periménoume stin agorá synathroisménoi?\nEínai oi várvaroi na fthásoun símera.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barbarian"
],
"id": "en-βάρβαρος-el-noun-z4EIcxdX",
"links": [
[
"barbarian",
"barbarian"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvarvaros/"
}
],
"word": "βάρβαρος"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "civilised",
"roman": "politisménos",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "πολιτισμένος"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βάρβαρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "várvaros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρη",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρης",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πιο + positive forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"usually"
]
},
{
"form": "Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"usually"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότεροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερης",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότεροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg \"ο βαρβαρότερος\", etc)",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατης",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "βάρβαρο",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "feminine",
"4": "βάρβαρη",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "neuter",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "βάρβαρος • (várvaros) m (feminine βάρβαρη, neuter βάρβαρο)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"f": "βάρβαρη",
"n": "βάρβαρο"
},
"expansion": "βάρβαρος • (várvaros) m (feminine βάρβαρη, neuter βάρβαρο)",
"name": "el-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"βάρ‧βα‧ρος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"abstem": "βαρβαρότατ",
"compstem": "βαρβαρότερ",
"dec": "ος-η-ο",
"stem": "βάρβαρ"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"abstem": "βαρβαρότατ",
"compstem": "βαρβαρότερ",
"dec": "ος-η-ο",
"docnote": "",
"form": "",
"lemma": "",
"nopio": "",
"part": "",
"posnote": "",
"stem": "βάρβαρ",
"stem2": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-a"
},
{
"args": {
"dec": "ος-η-ο",
"form": "",
"header": "Declension of βάρβαρος",
"note": "",
"pionote": "Comparative: <i class=\"Grek mention\" lang=\"el\">πιο</i> + positive forms (e.g. πιο βάρβαρος, etc.)\n Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο βάρβαρος, etc.)",
"stem": "βάρβαρ",
"stem2": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-positive"
},
{
"args": {
"form": "",
"stem": "βάρβαρ",
"stem2": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-ος-η-ο"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "βάρβαρος •",
"10": "βάρβαρων •",
"11": "βάρβαρων •",
"12": "βάρβαρων •",
"13": "βάρβαρο •",
"14": "βάρβαρη •",
"15": "βάρβαρο •",
"16": "βάρβαρους •",
"17": "βάρβαρες •",
"18": "βάρβαρα •",
"19": "βάρβαρε •",
"2": "βάρβαρη •",
"20": "βάρβαρη •",
"21": "βάρβαρο •",
"22": "βάρβαροι •",
"23": "βάρβαρες •",
"24": "βάρβαρα •",
"3": "βάρβαρο •",
"4": "βάρβαροι •",
"5": "βάρβαρες •",
"6": "βάρβαρα •",
"7": "βάρβαρου •",
"8": "βάρβαρης •",
"9": "βάρβαρου •"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"abstem": "βαρβαρότατ",
"compstem": "βαρβαρότερ",
"form": "",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-degrees"
},
{
"args": {
"form": "",
"stem": "βαρβαρότερ"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-ος-η-ο"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "βαρβαρότερος •",
"10": "βαρβαρότερων •",
"11": "βαρβαρότερων •",
"12": "βαρβαρότερων •",
"13": "βαρβαρότερο •",
"14": "βαρβαρότερη •",
"15": "βαρβαρότερο •",
"16": "βαρβαρότερους •",
"17": "βαρβαρότερες •",
"18": "βαρβαρότερα •",
"19": "βαρβαρότερε •",
"2": "βαρβαρότερη •",
"20": "βαρβαρότερη •",
"21": "βαρβαρότερο •",
"22": "βαρβαρότεροι •",
"23": "βαρβαρότερες •",
"24": "βαρβαρότερα •",
"3": "βαρβαρότερο •",
"4": "βαρβαρότεροι •",
"5": "βαρβαρότερες •",
"6": "βαρβαρότερα •",
"7": "βαρβαρότερου •",
"8": "βαρβαρότερης •",
"9": "βαρβαρότερου •"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "βαρβαρότατ"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-ος-η-ο"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "βαρβαρότατος •",
"10": "βαρβαρότατων •",
"11": "βαρβαρότατων •",
"12": "βαρβαρότατων •",
"13": "βαρβαρότατο •",
"14": "βαρβαρότατη •",
"15": "βαρβαρότατο •",
"16": "βαρβαρότατους •",
"17": "βαρβαρότατες •",
"18": "βαρβαρότατα •",
"19": "βαρβαρότατε •",
"2": "βαρβαρότατη •",
"20": "βαρβαρότατη •",
"21": "βαρβαρότατο •",
"22": "βαρβαρότατοι •",
"23": "βαρβαρότατες •",
"24": "βαρβαρότατα •",
"3": "βαρβαρότατο •",
"4": "βαρβαρότατοι •",
"5": "βαρβαρότατες •",
"6": "βαρβαρότατα •",
"7": "βαρβαρότατου •",
"8": "βαρβαρότατης •",
"9": "βαρβαρότατου •"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek adjectives in declension ος-η-ο",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'άνθρωπος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What a barbaric man he is! He hits his wife.",
"roman": "Ti várvaros ánthropos! Chtypáei ti gynaíka tou.",
"text": "Τι βάρβαρος άνθρωπος! Χτυπάει τη γυναίκα του.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barbarous, barbaric, uncivilised"
],
"id": "en-βάρβαρος-el-adj-cpKgdiVa",
"links": [
[
"barbarous",
"barbarous"
],
[
"barbaric",
"barbaric"
],
[
"uncivilised",
"uncivilised"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "barbaric",
"roman": "varvarikós",
"word": "βαρβαρικός"
},
{
"english": "grammatical mistake in the use of language",
"roman": "varvarismós",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "βαρβαρισμός"
},
{
"english": "in foreign language, or with grammatical mistakes",
"roman": "varvaristí",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "βαρβαριστί"
},
{
"english": "barbarity",
"roman": "varvarótita",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βαρβαρότητα"
},
{
"english": "barbarize",
"roman": "ekvarvarízo",
"word": "εκβαρβαρίζω"
},
{
"english": "barbarization",
"roman": "ekvarvarismós",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "εκβαρβαρισμός"
},
{
"english": "barbarize",
"roman": "ekvarvaróno",
"word": "εκβαρβαρώνω"
},
{
"english": "barbarization",
"roman": "ekvarvárosi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εκβαρβάρωση"
},
{
"english": "mixed, not genuine Greek",
"roman": "meixovárvaros",
"word": "μειξοβάρβαρος"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "uncivilised",
"roman": "apolítistos",
"word": "απολίτιστος"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvarvaros/"
}
],
"word": "βάρβαρος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
"Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"Attic Greek",
"Ionic Greek",
"Koine Greek",
"el:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "barbaróomai",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρόομαι"
},
{
"roman": "barbaróphōnos",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρόφωνος"
},
{
"roman": "barbarízō",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐ́ζω"
},
{
"roman": "barbarikós",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐκός"
},
{
"roman": "barbarismós",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐσμός"
},
{
"roman": "barbaristí",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐστῐ́"
},
{
"roman": "ekbarbaróō",
"word": "ἐκβᾰρβᾰρόω"
},
{
"roman": "mixobárbaros",
"word": "μιξοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"roman": "mīsobárbaros",
"word": "μῑσοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"roman": "hupobárbaros",
"word": "ὑποβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"roman": "philobárbaros",
"word": "φῐλοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "βάρβαρος",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Greek: βάρβαρος m (várvaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: βάρβαρος m (várvaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بَرْبَر",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: بَرْبَر (barbar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: بَرْبَر (barbar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Berber",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Berber",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Berber"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բարբարոս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "բարբարոս"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "barbare",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: barbare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: barbare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oge",
"2": "ბარბაროსი",
"3": "ბარბაროზი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi), ბარბაროზი (barbarozi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi), ბარბაროზი (barbarozi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ბარბაროსი"
},
"expansion": "Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "barbarus",
"3": "barbara",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: barbarus m, barbara f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: barbarus m, barbara f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "barbarian",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: barbarian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: barbarian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Barbar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Barbar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Barbar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barbari",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: barbari m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: barbari m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "barbarzyńca",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: barbarzyńca m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: barbarzyńca m"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔 (barbarīg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔 (barbarīg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "بربری",
"tr": "barbari"
},
"expansion": "Persian: بربری (barbari)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: بربری (barbari)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bárbaro",
"3": "bárbara",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bárbaro m, bárbara f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bárbaro m, bárbara f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́рвар",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ва́рвар m (várvar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ва́рвар m (várvar)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "βαρ-βαρ"
},
"expansion": "βαρ-βαρ (bar-bar)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blah blah"
},
"expansion": "blah blah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "gibberish"
},
"expansion": "gibberish",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "gabble"
},
"expansion": "gabble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "babble"
},
"expansion": "babble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰa-bʰa-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰa-bʰa-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀞𐀫"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀞𐀫 (pa-pa-ro)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बर्बर",
"3": "",
"4": "barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बर्बर (barbara, “barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*balb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *balb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*balbal-",
"3": "",
"4": "tongue-tied"
},
"expansion": "*balbal- (“tongue-tied”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "balbus",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering, stuttering"
},
"expansion": "Latin balbus (“stammering, stuttering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "болтать",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, babble"
},
"expansion": "Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chatter, babble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "balbė́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to talk, babble"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian balbė́ti (“to talk, babble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बल्बला",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बल्बला (balbalā, “stammering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "belbët",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering"
},
"expansion": "Albanian belbët (“stammering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "عَجَم",
"t": "non-Arab; Persian"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arab; Persian”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ع ج م",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ع ج م (ʕ-j-m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*němьcь",
"t": "non-Slav, German"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *němьcь (“non-Slav, German”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*němъ",
"t": "mute"
},
"expansion": "*němъ (“mute”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic: from the perceived βαρ-βαρ (bar-bar) sounds incomprehensible to Ancient Greeks and spoken by foreigners. As an onomatopoeic construction, βαρ-βαρ is similar to modern English blah blah, but meaning gibberish, gabble; compare also babble from Proto-Indo-European *bʰa-bʰa-. Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀞𐀫 (pa-pa-ro) and Sanskrit बर्बर (barbara, “barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead”).\nPossibly related to Proto-Indo-European *balb-, *balbal- (“tongue-tied”). Compare with Latin balbus (“stammering, stuttering”), Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chatter, babble”) and балабол(“over-talkative”, chatterbox), Lithuanian balbė́ti (“to talk, babble”), Sanskrit बल्बला (balbalā, “stammering”), Albanian belbët (“stammering”).\nFor the semantic development, compare Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arab; Persian”), from the root ع ج م (ʕ-j-m), referring to people who speak unclearly, or Proto-Slavic *němьcь (“non-Slav, German”), from *němъ (“mute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bárbaros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"roman": "bárbaros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰροι",
"roman": "bárbaroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρου",
"roman": "barbárou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρου",
"roman": "barbárou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρων",
"roman": "barbárōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρων",
"roman": "barbárōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρῳ",
"roman": "barbárōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρῳ",
"roman": "barbárōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροις",
"roman": "barbárois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροις",
"roman": "barbárois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρους",
"roman": "barbárous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρε",
"roman": "bárbare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰροι",
"roman": "bárbaroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρως",
"roman": "barbárōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰρώτερος",
"roman": "barbarṓteros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰρώτᾰτος",
"roman": "barbarṓtatos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"2": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign"
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"non-Greek peoples"
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"(in the plural) non-Greek peoples"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And it is said that the Cilician [queen] asked Cyrus to show her his troops. So since he wanted to show them to her, he held a review of the Greeks and Persians in the field.",
"ref": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.2.14",
"roman": "Kaì légetai deēthênai hē Kílissa Kúrou epideîxai tò stráteuma autêi: boulómenos oûn epideîxai exétasin poieîtai en tôi pedíōi tôn Hellḗnōn kaì tôn barbárōn.",
"text": "Καὶ λέγεται δεηθῆναι ἡ Κίλισσα Κύρου ἐπιδεῖξαι τὸ στράτευμα αὐτῇ: βουλόμενος οὖν ἐπιδεῖξαι ἐξέτασιν ποιεῖται ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων."
}
],
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"non-Greek peoples",
"Medes or Persians"
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"Medes",
"Medes"
],
[
"Persians",
"Persians"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"(in the plural) non-Greek peoples",
"Medes or Persians"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"barbaric, brutal, rude"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"barbaric",
"barbaric"
],
[
"brutal",
"brutal"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) barbaric, brutal, rude"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bár.ba.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβar.βa.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bár.ba.ros/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbar.ba.ros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβar.βa.ros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "βάρβαρος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Greek adjectives",
"Greek adjectives in declension ος-η-ο",
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Greek entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek masculine nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'άνθρωπος'",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Greek terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Greek terms with quotations",
"el:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βάρβαρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "várvaros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαροι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-3b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβάρου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβάρων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβάρους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "βάρβαροι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "βάρβαρος • (várvaros) m (plural βάρβαροι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "βάρβαροι"
},
"expansion": "βάρβαρος • (várvaros) m (plural βάρβαροι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"βάρ‧βα‧ρος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βάρβαρος",
"2": "βάρβαροι",
"3": "βαρβάρου",
"4": "βαρβάρων",
"5": "βάρβαρο",
"6": "βαρβάρους",
"7": "βάρβαρε",
"8": "βάρβαροι",
"ap": "",
"gp": "",
"gs": "",
"note": "",
"np": "",
"vp": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greek terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What are we waiting for, assembled in the forum?\nThe barbarians are due here today.",
"text": "Constantine Cavafy (1863-1933), Περιμένοντας τους Bαρβάρους [Waiting for the Barbarians] and audio at The official website of the Cavafy Archive\nΤι περιμένουμε στην αγορά συναθροισμένοι;\nΕίναι οι βάρβαροι να φθάσουν σήμερα.\nTi periménoume stin agorá synathroisménoi?\nEínai oi várvaroi na fthásoun símera.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barbarian"
],
"links": [
[
"barbarian",
"barbarian"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvarvaros/"
}
],
"word": "βάρβαρος"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "civilised",
"roman": "politisménos",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "πολιτισμένος"
}
],
"categories": [
"Greek adjectives",
"Greek adjectives in declension ος-η-ο",
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Greek entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek masculine nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'άνθρωπος'",
"Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek",
"Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Greek terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Greek terms with quotations",
"el:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "grc",
"3": "βάρβαρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "várvaros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρη",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρης",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βάρβαρα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πιο + positive forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"usually"
]
},
{
"form": "Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"usually"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότεροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερης",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότεροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότερα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg \"ο βαρβαρότερος\", etc)",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατης",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατη",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατοι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατες",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βαρβαρότατα",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "βάρβαρο",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "feminine",
"4": "βάρβαρη",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "neuter",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "βάρβαρος • (várvaros) m (feminine βάρβαρη, neuter βάρβαρο)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"f": "βάρβαρη",
"n": "βάρβαρο"
},
"expansion": "βάρβαρος • (várvaros) m (feminine βάρβαρη, neuter βάρβαρο)",
"name": "el-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"βάρ‧βα‧ρος"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"abstem": "βαρβαρότατ",
"compstem": "βαρβαρότερ",
"dec": "ος-η-ο",
"stem": "βάρβαρ"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"abstem": "βαρβαρότατ",
"compstem": "βαρβαρότερ",
"dec": "ος-η-ο",
"docnote": "",
"form": "",
"lemma": "",
"nopio": "",
"part": "",
"posnote": "",
"stem": "βάρβαρ",
"stem2": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-a"
},
{
"args": {
"dec": "ος-η-ο",
"form": "",
"header": "Declension of βάρβαρος",
"note": "",
"pionote": "Comparative: <i class=\"Grek mention\" lang=\"el\">πιο</i> + positive forms (e.g. πιο βάρβαρος, etc.)\n Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο βάρβαρος, etc.)",
"stem": "βάρβαρ",
"stem2": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-positive"
},
{
"args": {
"form": "",
"stem": "βάρβαρ",
"stem2": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-ος-η-ο"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "βάρβαρος •",
"10": "βάρβαρων •",
"11": "βάρβαρων •",
"12": "βάρβαρων •",
"13": "βάρβαρο •",
"14": "βάρβαρη •",
"15": "βάρβαρο •",
"16": "βάρβαρους •",
"17": "βάρβαρες •",
"18": "βάρβαρα •",
"19": "βάρβαρε •",
"2": "βάρβαρη •",
"20": "βάρβαρη •",
"21": "βάρβαρο •",
"22": "βάρβαροι •",
"23": "βάρβαρες •",
"24": "βάρβαρα •",
"3": "βάρβαρο •",
"4": "βάρβαροι •",
"5": "βάρβαρες •",
"6": "βάρβαρα •",
"7": "βάρβαρου •",
"8": "βάρβαρης •",
"9": "βάρβαρου •"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"abstem": "βαρβαρότατ",
"compstem": "βαρβαρότερ",
"form": "",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-degrees"
},
{
"args": {
"form": "",
"stem": "βαρβαρότερ"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-ος-η-ο"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "βαρβαρότερος •",
"10": "βαρβαρότερων •",
"11": "βαρβαρότερων •",
"12": "βαρβαρότερων •",
"13": "βαρβαρότερο •",
"14": "βαρβαρότερη •",
"15": "βαρβαρότερο •",
"16": "βαρβαρότερους •",
"17": "βαρβαρότερες •",
"18": "βαρβαρότερα •",
"19": "βαρβαρότερε •",
"2": "βαρβαρότερη •",
"20": "βαρβαρότερη •",
"21": "βαρβαρότερο •",
"22": "βαρβαρότεροι •",
"23": "βαρβαρότερες •",
"24": "βαρβαρότερα •",
"3": "βαρβαρότερο •",
"4": "βαρβαρότεροι •",
"5": "βαρβαρότερες •",
"6": "βαρβαρότερα •",
"7": "βαρβαρότερου •",
"8": "βαρβαρότερης •",
"9": "βαρβαρότερου •"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "βαρβαρότατ"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-ος-η-ο"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "βαρβαρότατος •",
"10": "βαρβαρότατων •",
"11": "βαρβαρότατων •",
"12": "βαρβαρότατων •",
"13": "βαρβαρότατο •",
"14": "βαρβαρότατη •",
"15": "βαρβαρότατο •",
"16": "βαρβαρότατους •",
"17": "βαρβαρότατες •",
"18": "βαρβαρότατα •",
"19": "βαρβαρότατε •",
"2": "βαρβαρότατη •",
"20": "βαρβαρότατη •",
"21": "βαρβαρότατο •",
"22": "βαρβαρότατοι •",
"23": "βαρβαρότατες •",
"24": "βαρβαρότατα •",
"3": "βαρβαρότατο •",
"4": "βαρβαρότατοι •",
"5": "βαρβαρότατες •",
"6": "βαρβαρότατα •",
"7": "βαρβαρότατου •",
"8": "βαρβαρότατης •",
"9": "βαρβαρότατου •"
},
"name": "el-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"english": "barbaric",
"roman": "varvarikós",
"word": "βαρβαρικός"
},
{
"english": "grammatical mistake in the use of language",
"roman": "varvarismós",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "βαρβαρισμός"
},
{
"english": "in foreign language, or with grammatical mistakes",
"roman": "varvaristí",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "βαρβαριστί"
},
{
"english": "barbarity",
"roman": "varvarótita",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βαρβαρότητα"
},
{
"english": "barbarize",
"roman": "ekvarvarízo",
"word": "εκβαρβαρίζω"
},
{
"english": "barbarization",
"roman": "ekvarvarismós",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "εκβαρβαρισμός"
},
{
"english": "barbarize",
"roman": "ekvarvaróno",
"word": "εκβαρβαρώνω"
},
{
"english": "barbarization",
"roman": "ekvarvárosi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εκβαρβάρωση"
},
{
"english": "mixed, not genuine Greek",
"roman": "meixovárvaros",
"word": "μειξοβάρβαρος"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greek terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What a barbaric man he is! He hits his wife.",
"roman": "Ti várvaros ánthropos! Chtypáei ti gynaíka tou.",
"text": "Τι βάρβαρος άνθρωπος! Χτυπάει τη γυναίκα του.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barbarous, barbaric, uncivilised"
],
"links": [
[
"barbarous",
"barbarous"
],
[
"barbaric",
"barbaric"
],
[
"uncivilised",
"uncivilised"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvarvaros/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "uncivilised",
"roman": "apolítistos",
"word": "απολίτιστος"
}
],
"word": "βάρβαρος"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: βάρβαρος/Ancient Greek 'Number' base_tags={'declension-2', 'Attic'}",
"path": [
"βάρβαρος"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "βάρβαρος",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"βάρβαρος"
],
"section": "Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "βάρβαρος",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"βάρβαρος"
],
"section": "Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "βάρβαρος",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Greek]; cleaned text: derivations",
"path": [
"βάρβαρος"
],
"section": "Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "βάρβαρος",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Greek]; cleaned text: derivations",
"path": [
"βάρβαρος"
],
"section": "Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "βάρβαρος",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg \"ο βαρβαρότερος\", etc)",
"path": [
"βάρβαρος"
],
"section": "Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "βάρβαρος",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.