See βάρβαρος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for βάρβαρος meaning in Ancient Greek (18.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbaróomai",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρόομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbaróphōnos",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρόφωνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbarízō",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐ́ζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbarikós",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐκός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbarismós",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐσμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "barbaristí",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐστῐ́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ekbarbaróō",
"word": "ἐκβᾰρβᾰρόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mixobárbaros",
"word": "μιξοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mīsobárbaros",
"word": "μῑσοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hupobárbaros",
"word": "ὑποβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "philobárbaros",
"word": "φῐλοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "βάρβαρος",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Greek: βάρβαρος m (várvaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: βάρβαρος m (várvaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بَرْبَر",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: بَرْبَر (barbar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: بَرْبَر (barbar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Berber",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Berber",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Berber"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բարբարոս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "բարբարոս"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "barbare",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: barbare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: barbare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oge",
"2": "ბარბაროსი",
"3": "ბარბაროზი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi), ბარბაროზი (barbarozi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi), ბარბაროზი (barbarozi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ბარბაროსი"
},
"expansion": "Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "barbarus",
"3": "barbara",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: barbarus m, barbara f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: barbarus m, barbara f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "barbarian",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: barbarian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: barbarian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Barbar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Barbar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Barbar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barbari",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: barbari m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: barbari m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "barbarzyńca",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: barbarzyńca m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: barbarzyńca m"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔 (barbarīg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔 (barbarīg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "بربری",
"tr": "barbari"
},
"expansion": "Persian: بربری (barbari)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: بربری (barbari)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bárbaro",
"3": "bárbara",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bárbaro m, bárbara f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bárbaro m, bárbara f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́рвар",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ва́рвар m (várvar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ва́рвар m (várvar)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "βαρ-βαρ"
},
"expansion": "βαρ-βαρ (bar-bar)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blah blah"
},
"expansion": "blah blah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "gibberish"
},
"expansion": "gibberish",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "gabble"
},
"expansion": "gabble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "babble"
},
"expansion": "babble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰa-bʰa-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰa-bʰa-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀞𐀫"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀞𐀫 (pa-pa-ro)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बर्बर",
"3": "",
"4": "barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बर्बर (barbara, “barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*balb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *balb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*balbal-",
"3": "",
"4": "tongue-tied"
},
"expansion": "*balbal- (“tongue-tied”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "balbus",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering, stuttering"
},
"expansion": "Latin balbus (“stammering, stuttering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "болтать",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, babble"
},
"expansion": "Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chatter, babble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "balbė́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to talk, babble"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian balbė́ti (“to talk, babble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बल्बला",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बल्बला (balbalā, “stammering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "belbët",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering"
},
"expansion": "Albanian belbët (“stammering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "عَجَم",
"t": "non-Arab; Persian"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arab; Persian”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ع ج م",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ع ج م (ʕ-j-m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*němьcь",
"t": "non-Slav, German"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *němьcь (“non-Slav, German”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*němъ",
"t": "mute"
},
"expansion": "*němъ (“mute”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic: from the perceived βαρ-βαρ (bar-bar) sounds incomprehensible to Ancient Greeks and spoken by foreigners. As an onomatopoeic construction, βαρ-βαρ is similar to modern English blah blah, but meaning gibberish, gabble; compare also babble from Proto-Indo-European *bʰa-bʰa-. Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀞𐀫 (pa-pa-ro) and Sanskrit बर्बर (barbara, “barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead”).\nPossibly related to Proto-Indo-European *balb-, *balbal- (“tongue-tied”). Compare with Latin balbus (“stammering, stuttering”), Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chatter, babble”) and балабол(“over-talkative”, chatterbox), Lithuanian balbė́ti (“to talk, babble”), Sanskrit बल्बला (balbalā, “stammering”), Albanian belbët (“stammering”).\nFor the semantic development, compare Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arab; Persian”), from the root ع ج م (ʕ-j-m), referring to people who speak unclearly, or Proto-Slavic *němьcь (“non-Slav, German”), from *němъ (“mute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bárbaros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"roman": "bárbaros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰροι",
"roman": "bárbaroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρου",
"roman": "barbárou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρου",
"roman": "barbárou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρων",
"roman": "barbárōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρων",
"roman": "barbárōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρῳ",
"roman": "barbárōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρῳ",
"roman": "barbárōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροις",
"roman": "barbárois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροις",
"roman": "barbárois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρους",
"roman": "barbárous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρε",
"roman": "bárbare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰροι",
"roman": "bárbaroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρως",
"roman": "barbárōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰρώτερος",
"roman": "barbarṓteros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰρώτᾰτος",
"roman": "barbarṓtatos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"2": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign"
],
"id": "en-βάρβαρος-grc-adj-Jv0GRLCB",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"non-Greek peoples"
],
"id": "en-βάρβαρος-grc-adj-3mUBAVd9",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"(in the plural) non-Greek peoples"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 32 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 45 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 36 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And it is said that the Cilician [queen] asked Cyrus to show her his troops. So since he wanted to show them to her, he held a review of the Greeks and Persians in the field.",
"ref": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.2.14",
"roman": "Kaì légetai deēthênai hē Kílissa Kúrou epideîxai tò stráteuma autêi: boulómenos oûn epideîxai exétasin poieîtai en tôi pedíōi tôn Hellḗnōn kaì tôn barbárōn.",
"text": "Καὶ λέγεται δεηθῆναι ἡ Κίλισσα Κύρου ἐπιδεῖξαι τὸ στράτευμα αὐτῇ: βουλόμενος οὖν ἐπιδεῖξαι ἐξέτασιν ποιεῖται ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων."
}
],
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"non-Greek peoples",
"Medes or Persians"
],
"id": "en-βάρβαρος-grc-adj-azJRJ0oO",
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"Medes",
"Medes"
],
[
"Persians",
"Persians"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"(in the plural) non-Greek peoples",
"Medes or Persians"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 28 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barbaric, brutal, rude"
],
"id": "en-βάρβαρος-grc-adj-MggR4BUd",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"barbaric",
"barbaric"
],
[
"brutal",
"brutal"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) barbaric, brutal, rude"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bár.ba.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβar.βa.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bár.ba.ros/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbar.ba.ros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβar.βa.ros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "βάρβαρος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek onomatopoeias",
"Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"Attic Greek",
"Ionic Greek",
"Koine Greek",
"el:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "barbaróomai",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρόομαι"
},
{
"roman": "barbaróphōnos",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρόφωνος"
},
{
"roman": "barbarízō",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐ́ζω"
},
{
"roman": "barbarikós",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐκός"
},
{
"roman": "barbarismós",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐσμός"
},
{
"roman": "barbaristí",
"word": "βᾰρβᾰρῐστῐ́"
},
{
"roman": "ekbarbaróō",
"word": "ἐκβᾰρβᾰρόω"
},
{
"roman": "mixobárbaros",
"word": "μιξοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"roman": "mīsobárbaros",
"word": "μῑσοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"roman": "hupobárbaros",
"word": "ὑποβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
},
{
"roman": "philobárbaros",
"word": "φῐλοβᾰ́ρβᾰρος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "βάρβαρος",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Greek: βάρβαρος m (várvaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: βάρβαρος m (várvaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "بَرْبَر",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: بَرْبَر (barbar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: بَرْبَر (barbar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Berber",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Berber",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Berber"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բարբարոս",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "բարբարոս"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "barbare",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: barbare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: barbare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oge",
"2": "ბარბაროსი",
"3": "ბარბაროზი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi), ბარბაროზი (barbarozi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi), ბარბაროზი (barbarozi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ბარბაროსი"
},
"expansion": "Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "barbarus",
"3": "barbara",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: barbarus m, barbara f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: barbarus m, barbara f"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "barbarian",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: barbarian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: barbarian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Barbar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Barbar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Barbar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "barbari",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: barbari m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: barbari m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "barbarzyńca",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: barbarzyńca m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: barbarzyńca m"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔 (barbarīg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔 (barbarīg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "بربری",
"tr": "barbari"
},
"expansion": "Persian: بربری (barbari)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: بربری (barbari)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bárbaro",
"3": "bárbara",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bárbaro m, bárbara f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bárbaro m, bárbara f"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ва́рвар",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ва́рвар m (várvar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ва́рвар m (várvar)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "βαρ-βαρ"
},
"expansion": "βαρ-βαρ (bar-bar)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blah blah"
},
"expansion": "blah blah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "gibberish"
},
"expansion": "gibberish",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "gabble"
},
"expansion": "gabble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "babble"
},
"expansion": "babble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰa-bʰa-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰa-bʰa-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀞𐀫"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀞𐀫 (pa-pa-ro)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बर्बर",
"3": "",
"4": "barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बर्बर (barbara, “barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*balb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *balb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*balbal-",
"3": "",
"4": "tongue-tied"
},
"expansion": "*balbal- (“tongue-tied”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "balbus",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering, stuttering"
},
"expansion": "Latin balbus (“stammering, stuttering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "болтать",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, babble"
},
"expansion": "Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chatter, babble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "balbė́ti",
"3": "",
"4": "to talk, babble"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian balbė́ti (“to talk, babble”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बल्बला",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बल्बला (balbalā, “stammering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "belbët",
"3": "",
"4": "stammering"
},
"expansion": "Albanian belbët (“stammering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "عَجَم",
"t": "non-Arab; Persian"
},
"expansion": "Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arab; Persian”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ع ج م",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ع ج م (ʕ-j-m)",
"name": "ar-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*němьcь",
"t": "non-Slav, German"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *němьcь (“non-Slav, German”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*němъ",
"t": "mute"
},
"expansion": "*němъ (“mute”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic: from the perceived βαρ-βαρ (bar-bar) sounds incomprehensible to Ancient Greeks and spoken by foreigners. As an onomatopoeic construction, βαρ-βαρ is similar to modern English blah blah, but meaning gibberish, gabble; compare also babble from Proto-Indo-European *bʰa-bʰa-. Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀞𐀫 (pa-pa-ro) and Sanskrit बर्बर (barbara, “barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead”).\nPossibly related to Proto-Indo-European *balb-, *balbal- (“tongue-tied”). Compare with Latin balbus (“stammering, stuttering”), Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chatter, babble”) and балабол(“over-talkative”, chatterbox), Lithuanian balbė́ti (“to talk, babble”), Sanskrit बल्बला (balbalā, “stammering”), Albanian belbët (“stammering”).\nFor the semantic development, compare Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arab; Persian”), from the root ع ج م (ʕ-j-m), referring to people who speak unclearly, or Proto-Slavic *němьcь (“non-Slav, German”), from *němъ (“mute”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bárbaros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"roman": "bárbaros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰροι",
"roman": "bárbaroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρου",
"roman": "barbárou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρου",
"roman": "barbárou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρων",
"roman": "barbárōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρων",
"roman": "barbárōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρῳ",
"roman": "barbárōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρῳ",
"roman": "barbárōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν",
"roman": "barbároin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροις",
"roman": "barbárois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ροις",
"roman": "barbárois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρους",
"roman": "barbárous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρε",
"roman": "bárbare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον",
"roman": "bárbaron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρω",
"roman": "barbárō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰροι",
"roman": "bárbaroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ",
"roman": "bárbara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰ́ρως",
"roman": "barbárōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰρώτερος",
"roman": "barbarṓteros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "βᾰρβᾰρώτᾰτος",
"roman": "barbarṓtatos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρος",
"2": "βᾰ́ρβᾰρον"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign"
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"non-Greek peoples"
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"(in the plural) non-Greek peoples"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And it is said that the Cilician [queen] asked Cyrus to show her his troops. So since he wanted to show them to her, he held a review of the Greeks and Persians in the field.",
"ref": "430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.2.14",
"roman": "Kaì légetai deēthênai hē Kílissa Kúrou epideîxai tò stráteuma autêi: boulómenos oûn epideîxai exétasin poieîtai en tôi pedíōi tôn Hellḗnōn kaì tôn barbárōn.",
"text": "Καὶ λέγεται δεηθῆναι ἡ Κίλισσα Κύρου ἐπιδεῖξαι τὸ στράτευμα αὐτῇ: βουλόμενος οὖν ἐπιδεῖξαι ἐξέτασιν ποιεῖται ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων."
}
],
"glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"non-Greek peoples",
"Medes or Persians"
],
"links": [
[
"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"Medes",
"Medes"
],
[
"Persians",
"Persians"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"non-Greek-speaking, foreign",
"(in the plural) non-Greek peoples",
"Medes or Persians"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"barbaric, brutal, rude"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"barbaric",
"barbaric"
],
[
"brutal",
"brutal"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) barbaric, brutal, rude"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bár.ba.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβar.βa.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bár.ba.ros/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbar.ba.ros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβar.βa.ros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvar.va.ros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "βάρβαρος"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: βάρβαρος/Ancient Greek 'Number' base_tags={'declension-2', 'Attic'}",
"path": [
"βάρβαρος"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "βάρβαρος",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.