See łykać on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "łykać jak pelikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "połknąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "połykać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "przełknąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "przełykać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lykati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lykati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lykati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lykati",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)lewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)lewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "slokken"
},
"expansion": "Dutch slokken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*slunketi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *slunketi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lykati, frequentative of *lъkati (whence Polish łkać), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lewk-, see also Dutch slokken, Proto-Celtic *slunketi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "łyknąć",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "łykam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykamy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "łykasz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykacie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "łyka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łyka się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech łykam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykajmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykajcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech łyka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech łykają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykająca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykając",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "łykanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "łyknąć"
},
"expansion": "łykać impf (perfective łyknąć)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ły‧kać"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to swallow"
],
"id": "en-łykać-pl-verb-3WRTF9Cv",
"links": [
[
"swallow",
"swallow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to swallow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "połykać"
},
{
"word": "przełykać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to scoff, to scarf (eat quickly)"
],
"id": "en-łykać-pl-verb-LuRqvKUl",
"links": [
[
"scoff",
"scoff"
],
[
"scarf",
"scarf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to scoff, to scarf (eat quickly)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to neck, to down, to shot (drink a portion of alcohol quickly)"
],
"id": "en-łykać-pl-verb-JZUsd08n",
"links": [
[
"neck",
"neck"
],
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"shot",
"shot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to neck, to down, to shot (drink a portion of alcohol quickly)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "doić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trąbić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "łykać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "łyknąć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pijać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "popić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "sączyć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ssać"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wypijać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wypić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wysączać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wysączyć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "alkoholizować się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "chlać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wychlać"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "chmalić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "dawać sobie w gaz (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "dać sobie w gaz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drinkować"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "dopierdalać (imperfective"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "vulgar)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "dopierdolić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "garować"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "gazować"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "grzać"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "łoić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nabzdryngolić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "naprać się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pociągać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pociągnąć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "spijać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "spić się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tankować"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "upijać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "upić się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "urzynać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "urżnąć się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wstawiać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wstawić się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zalewać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zalać się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaprawiać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaprawić się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "żłopać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "żłopnąć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaglądać do butelki (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zajrzeć do butelki"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaglądać do kieliszka (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zajrzeć do kieliszka"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 23 20 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 15 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 12 11 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to soak up, to take in (learn easily)"
],
"id": "en-łykać-pl-verb-kUsi7WR4",
"links": [
[
"soak up",
"soak up"
],
[
"take in",
"take in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to soak up, to take in (learn easily)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɘ.kat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘkat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "łykać"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘkat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘkat͡ɕ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "łykać jak pelikan"
},
{
"word": "połknąć"
},
{
"word": "połykać"
},
{
"word": "przełknąć"
},
{
"word": "przełykać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lykati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lykati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lykati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lykati",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)lewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)lewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "slokken"
},
"expansion": "Dutch slokken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*slunketi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *slunketi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lykati, frequentative of *lъkati (whence Polish łkać), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lewk-, see also Dutch slokken, Proto-Celtic *slunketi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "łyknąć",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "łykam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykamy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "łykasz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykacie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "łyka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łyka się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą łykać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie łykać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by łykał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by łykała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by łykało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by łykali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by łykały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech łykam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykajmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykajcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech łyka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech łykają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "łykający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykająca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "łykani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "łykane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "łykając",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "łykanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "łyknąć"
},
"expansion": "łykać impf (perfective łyknąć)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ły‧kać"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to swallow"
],
"links": [
[
"swallow",
"swallow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to swallow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "połykać"
},
{
"word": "przełykać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to scoff, to scarf (eat quickly)"
],
"links": [
[
"scoff",
"scoff"
],
[
"scarf",
"scarf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to scoff, to scarf (eat quickly)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to neck, to down, to shot (drink a portion of alcohol quickly)"
],
"links": [
[
"neck",
"neck"
],
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"shot",
"shot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to neck, to down, to shot (drink a portion of alcohol quickly)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ciągnąć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "doić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trąbić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "łykać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "łyknąć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pijać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "popić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "sączyć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ssać"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wypijać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wypić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wysączać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wysączyć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "alkoholizować się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "chlać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wychlać"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "chmalić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "dawać sobie w gaz (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "dać sobie w gaz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drinkować"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "dopierdalać (imperfective"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "vulgar)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "dopierdolić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "garować"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "gazować"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "grzać"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "łoić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nabzdryngolić"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "naprać się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pociągać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pociągnąć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "spijać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "spić się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tankować"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "upijać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "upić się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "urzynać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "urżnąć się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wstawiać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wstawić się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zalewać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zalać się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaprawiać się (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaprawić się"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "żłopać (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "żłopnąć"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaglądać do butelki (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zajrzeć do butelki"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zaglądać do kieliszka (imperfective)"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zajrzeć do kieliszka"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to soak up, to take in (learn easily)"
],
"links": [
[
"soak up",
"soak up"
],
[
"take in",
"take in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to soak up, to take in (learn easily)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɘ.kat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘkat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "łykać"
}
Download raw JSONL data for łykać meaning in All languages combined (18.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.