See dьržati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dьržati meaning in Proto-Slavic (13.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "дьржати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: дьржати (dĭržati), держати (deržati)\nOld Ruthenian: держати (deržati)\nBelarusian: дзіржа́ць (dziržácʹ) (dialectal)\nCarpathian Rusyn: держа́ти (deržáty)\nUkrainian: держа́ти (deržáty)\nRussian: держа́ть (deržátʹ)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: дьржати (dĭržati), держати (deržati)\nOld Ruthenian: держати (deržati)\nBelarusian: дзіржа́ць (dziržácʹ) (dialectal)\nCarpathian Rusyn: держа́ти (deržáty)\nUkrainian: держа́ти (deržáty)\nRussian: держа́ть (deržátʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дрьжати",
"3": "дръжати"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "дрьжати",
"3": "дръжати",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old East Slavic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old East Slavic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "държа́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: държа́ (dǎržá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: държа́ (dǎržá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "држи"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: држи (drži)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: држи (drži)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "др̀жати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: др̀жати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: др̀жати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "dr̀žati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: dr̀žati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: dr̀žati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "dŕžati",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: dŕžati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dŕžati"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: dŕžati (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: dŕžati (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "držet"
},
"expansion": "Czech: držet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: držet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "dzierżeć"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: dzierżeć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: dzierżeć"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dzierżyć",
"qq": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "Polish: dzierżyć (archaic)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: dzierżyć (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "držať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: držať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: držať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "dźeržeć"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: dźeržeć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: dźeržeć"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "źaržaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: źaržaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: źaržaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dirg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirg-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉",
"t": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (dražaitē, “to hold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "derė́ti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian derė́ti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धारयति",
"t": "to hold",
"tr": "dhāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit धारयति (dhāráyati, “to hold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹",
"ts": "dārayatiy"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /dārayatiy/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δράσσομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δράσσομαι (drássomai)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьrgati",
"t": "to pull"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (“to pull”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *der-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dir̃žti",
"t": "to harden, to become tough"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dir̃žti (“to harden, to become tough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दृह्यति",
"t": "to be strong",
"tr": "dṛ́hyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to link, to tie"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to link, to tie”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "forctis",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin forctis (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fortis"
},
"expansion": "Latin fortis",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirg-/*dеrg-.\n* Per Derksen and Vasmer, from earlier *dьrg-ěti, from extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- or *der-.\n** Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (dražaitē, “to hold”), inf. 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬘𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬈 (drājaŋhe). Further cognates are either:\n*** *dʰer-: Lithuanian derė́ti, Sanskrit धारयति (dhāráyati, “to hold”), Latin firmus, Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /dārayatiy/)\n*** *der-: Ancient Greek δράσσομαι (drássomai), Attic δράττομαι (dráttomai, “to seize, to grab”), which is (per Vasmer) cognate with Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (“to pull”), from [extension of] Proto-Indo-European *der- (> *dьrati (“to tear”)).\n* Trubachev discusses the above etymology but discounts it in favor of reconstructing earlier *dьrz-jati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. But usually suffix -ja- is found in verbs derived from -i- + *-ati. Conjugation -ja/i- or -ja/j-? is unusual (unless it was influenced by -ě/i-).\n** Cognate with Lithuanian dir̃žti (“to harden, to become tough”), 1sg. diržù, Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to link, to tie”), Old Latin forctis (“strong”) (Latin fortis).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrža",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrža",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržiši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržitь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrživě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržętь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrživě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "-i",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьržati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -ě/i-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hold"
],
"id": "en-dьržati-sla-pro-verb-wddo9PTy",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "dьrzati"
},
{
"word": "dьrznǫti"
},
{
"word": "dьrzъkъ"
},
{
"word": "dьrgati"
},
{
"word": "dьrnǫti"
},
{
"word": "dorga"
},
{
"word": "dьrati"
},
{
"word": "dorъ"
},
{
"word": "trimati"
},
{
"topics": [
"state"
],
"word": "dьržava"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "dьržati"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "дьржати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: дьржати (dĭržati), держати (deržati)\nOld Ruthenian: держати (deržati)\nBelarusian: дзіржа́ць (dziržácʹ) (dialectal)\nCarpathian Rusyn: держа́ти (deržáty)\nUkrainian: держа́ти (deržáty)\nRussian: держа́ть (deržátʹ)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: дьржати (dĭržati), держати (deržati)\nOld Ruthenian: держати (deržati)\nBelarusian: дзіржа́ць (dziržácʹ) (dialectal)\nCarpathian Rusyn: держа́ти (deržáty)\nUkrainian: держа́ти (deržáty)\nRussian: держа́ть (deržátʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дрьжати",
"3": "дръжати"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "дрьжати",
"3": "дръжати",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old East Slavic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old East Slavic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "държа́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: държа́ (dǎržá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: държа́ (dǎržá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "држи"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: држи (drži)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: држи (drži)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "др̀жати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: др̀жати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: др̀жати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "dr̀žati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: dr̀žati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: dr̀žati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "dŕžati",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: dŕžati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dŕžati"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: dŕžati (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: dŕžati (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "držet"
},
"expansion": "Czech: držet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: držet"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "dzierżeć"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: dzierżeć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: dzierżeć"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dzierżyć",
"qq": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "Polish: dzierżyć (archaic)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: dzierżyć (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "držať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: držať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: držať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "dźeržeć"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: dźeržeć",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: dźeržeć"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "źaržaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: źaržaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: źaržaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dirg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirg-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰer-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉",
"t": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (dražaitē, “to hold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "derė́ti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian derė́ti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धारयति",
"t": "to hold",
"tr": "dhāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit धारयति (dhāráyati, “to hold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin firmus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹",
"ts": "dārayatiy"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /dārayatiy/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δράσσομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δράσσομαι (drássomai)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьrgati",
"t": "to pull"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (“to pull”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *der-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dir̃žti",
"t": "to harden, to become tough"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dir̃žti (“to harden, to become tough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दृह्यति",
"t": "to be strong",
"tr": "dṛ́hyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to link, to tie"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to link, to tie”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "forctis",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin forctis (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fortis"
},
"expansion": "Latin fortis",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirg-/*dеrg-.\n* Per Derksen and Vasmer, from earlier *dьrg-ěti, from extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- or *der-.\n** Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (dražaitē, “to hold”), inf. 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬘𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬈 (drājaŋhe). Further cognates are either:\n*** *dʰer-: Lithuanian derė́ti, Sanskrit धारयति (dhāráyati, “to hold”), Latin firmus, Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /dārayatiy/)\n*** *der-: Ancient Greek δράσσομαι (drássomai), Attic δράττομαι (dráttomai, “to seize, to grab”), which is (per Vasmer) cognate with Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (“to pull”), from [extension of] Proto-Indo-European *der- (> *dьrati (“to tear”)).\n* Trubachev discusses the above etymology but discounts it in favor of reconstructing earlier *dьrz-jati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. But usually suffix -ja- is found in verbs derived from -i- + *-ati. Conjugation -ja/i- or -ja/j-? is unusual (unless it was influenced by -ě/i-).\n** Cognate with Lithuanian dir̃žti (“to harden, to become tough”), 1sg. diržù, Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to link, to tie”), Old Latin forctis (“strong”) (Latin fortis).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržanьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržanъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrža",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrža",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržiši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržitь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrživě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržętь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьrživě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dьržite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "-i",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьržati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "dьrzati"
},
{
"word": "dьrznǫti"
},
{
"word": "dьrzъkъ"
},
{
"word": "dьrgati"
},
{
"word": "dьrnǫti"
},
{
"word": "dorga"
},
{
"word": "dьrati"
},
{
"word": "dorъ"
},
{
"word": "trimati"
},
{
"topics": [
"state"
],
"word": "dьržava"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -ě/i-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"glosses": [
"to hold"
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "dьržati"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.