"dьrzati" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See dьrzati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: * Per Derksen and Trubachev, a verb in *-ati correlating with the adjective *dьrzъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirs- (with secondary *-z- in Proto-Slavic of unknown origin), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥s-u-, from the root *dʰers-. Cognate with Lithuanian drį̃sti (“to dare”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan, “to venture”), English dare, Lithuanian drąsùs (“courageous”), Latvian drùoss, drùošs (“courageous”), Old Prussian dirsos (“good”), dyrsos (“good, brave”), Sanskrit धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “bold, strong, courageous”), Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold”). * Per Vasmer and Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian dir̃žnas (“strong”), dir̃žti (“to become strong, to harden”), Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), Avestan 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀- (dər^əzra-, “strong”), 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to bind”), Old Latin forctis (“strong”) (whence Latin fortis). Etymology templates: {{der|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*dirs-}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirs-, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro||*dʰr̥s-u-}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥s-u-, {{cog|lt|drį̃sti||to dare}} Lithuanian drį̃sti (“to dare”), {{cog|got|𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽|t=to venture}} Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan, “to venture”), {{cog|en|dare}} English dare, {{cog|lt|drąsùs||courageous}} Lithuanian drąsùs (“courageous”), {{cog|lv|drùoss}} Latvian drùoss, {{cog|prg|dirsos||good}} Old Prussian dirsos (“good”), {{cog|sa|धृष्णु|t=bold, strong, courageous|tr=dhṛṣṇú}} Sanskrit धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “bold, strong, courageous”), {{cog|grc|θρασύς||bold}} Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold”), {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*dʰerǵʰ-}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-, {{cog|lt|dir̃žnas||strong}} Lithuanian dir̃žnas (“strong”), {{cog|sa|दृह्यति|t=to be strong|tr=dṛ́hyati}} Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), {{cog|ae|𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀-|t=strong}} Avestan 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀- (dər^əzra-, “strong”), {{cog|itc-ola|forctis||strong}} Old Latin forctis (“strong”), {{cog|la|fortis}} Latin fortis Inflection templates: {{sla-conj|impf|-1}} Forms: imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], dьrzanьje [noun-from-verb], dьrzati [infinitive], dьrzatъ [supine], dьrzalъ [l-participle], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], dьrzanъ [participle, passive, past], dьrzajemъ [participle, passive, present], dьrzavъ [active, participle, past], dьrzaję [active, participle, present], imperfective [table-tags], ? [accent-paradigm], dьrzaxъ [aorist, first-person, singular], dьrza [aorist, second-person, singular], dьrza [aorist, singular, third-person], dьrzajǫ [first-person, present, singular], dьrzaješi [present, second-person, singular], dьrzajetь [present, singular, third-person], dьrzaxově [aorist, dual, first-person], dьrzasta [aorist, dual, second-person], dьrzaste [aorist, dual, third-person], dьrzajevě [dual, first-person, present], dьrzajeta [dual, present, second-person], dьrzajete [dual, present, third-person], dьrzaxomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], dьrzaste [aorist, plural, second-person], dьrzašę [aorist, plural, third-person], dьrzajemъ [first-person, plural, present], dьrzajete [plural, present, second-person], dьrzajǫtь [plural, present, third-person], dьrzaaxъ [first-person, imperfect, singular], dьrzaaše [imperfect, second-person, singular], dьrzaaše [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], dьrzaji [imperative, second-person, singular], dьrzaji [imperative, singular, third-person], dьrzaaxově [dual, first-person, imperfect], dьrzaašeta [dual, imperfect, second-person], dьrzaašete [dual, imperfect, third-person], dьrzajivě [dual, first-person, imperative], dьrzajita [dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, imperative, third-person], dьrzaaxomъ [first-person, imperfect, plural], dьrzaašete [imperfect, plural, second-person], dьrzaaxǫ [imperfect, plural, third-person], dьrzajimъ [first-person, imperative, plural], dьrzajite [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person]
  1. to dare Tags: imperfective, reconstruction Related terms: dьrzъ (english: daring, bold), dьrzъkъ (english: bold), dьrznǫti (english: to dare)
    Sense id: en-dьrzati-sla-pro-verb-Ym~maO~1 Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-

Download JSON data for dьrzati meaning in Proto-Slavic (11.6kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "дьрзати",
            "3": "дьръзати",
            "4": "дрьзати",
            "t3": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: дьрзати (dĭrzati), дьръзати (dĭrŭzati), дрьзати (drĭzati, “to dare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "11th century"
          },
          "expansion": "(11th century)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: дьрзати (dĭrzati), дьръзати (dĭrŭzati), дрьзати (drĭzati, “to dare”) (11th century)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "дерза́ть",
            "t": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: дерза́ть (derzátʹ, “to dare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: дерза́ть (derzátʹ, “to dare”), 1sg. дерза́ю (derzáju)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "дерзая",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bulgarian: дерзая (derzaja)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bulgarian: дерзая (derzaja)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "reflexive"
          },
          "expansion": "(reflexive)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "дерза́ти",
            "t": "to dare; (reflexive) to gather strength"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: дерза́ти (derzáty, “to dare; (reflexive) to gather strength”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: дерза́ти (derzáty, “to dare; (reflexive) to gather strength”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: дрьзати (drĭzati), дръзати (drŭzati, “to dare, to be bold”); 1sg. дрьзаѭ (drĭzajǫ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: [Term?]"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "дърза́я",
            "qq": "dialectal",
            "t": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: дърза́я (dǎrzája, “to dare”) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: дърза́я (dǎrzája, “to dare”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "др̏зати",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: др̏зати (“to dare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: др̏зати (“to dare”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "dȑzati",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: dȑzati (“to dare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: dȑzati (“to dare”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "drzati",
            "t": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: drzati (“to dare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: drzati (“to dare”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*dirs-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirs-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰr̥s-u-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥s-u-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "drį̃sti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to dare"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian drį̃sti (“to dare”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽",
        "t": "to venture"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan, “to venture”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dare"
      },
      "expansion": "English dare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "drąsùs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "courageous"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian drąsùs (“courageous”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "drùoss"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian drùoss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "dirsos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "good"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian dirsos (“good”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धृष्णु",
        "t": "bold, strong, courageous",
        "tr": "dhṛṣṇú"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “bold, strong, courageous”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "θρασύς",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bold"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerǵʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dir̃žnas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian dir̃žnas (“strong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दृह्यति",
        "t": "to be strong",
        "tr": "dṛ́hyati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀-",
        "t": "strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀- (dər^əzra-, “strong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-ola",
        "2": "forctis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Latin forctis (“strong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fortis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fortis",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Per Derksen and Trubachev, a verb in *-ati correlating with the adjective *dьrzъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirs- (with secondary *-z- in Proto-Slavic of unknown origin), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥s-u-, from the root *dʰers-. Cognate with Lithuanian drį̃sti (“to dare”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan, “to venture”), English dare, Lithuanian drąsùs (“courageous”), Latvian drùoss, drùošs (“courageous”), Old Prussian dirsos (“good”), dyrsos (“good, brave”), Sanskrit धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “bold, strong, courageous”), Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold”).\n* Per Vasmer and Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian dir̃žnas (“strong”), dir̃žti (“to become strong, to harden”), Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), Avestan 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀- (dər^əzra-, “strong”), 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to bind”), Old Latin forctis (“strong”) (whence Latin fortis).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzanьje",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzati",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzatъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzalъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzanъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajemъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzavъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaję",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrza",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrza",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaješi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajetь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzasta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajevě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzašę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajemъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajǫtь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaji",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaji",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaašeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaxǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrzati",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dare"
      ],
      "id": "en-dьrzati-sla-pro-verb-Ym~maO~1",
      "links": [
        [
          "dare",
          "dare"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "daring, bold",
          "word": "dьrzъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "bold",
          "word": "dьrzъkъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "to dare",
          "word": "dьrznǫti"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dьrzati"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "дьрзати",
            "3": "дьръзати",
            "4": "дрьзати",
            "t3": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: дьрзати (dĭrzati), дьръзати (dĭrŭzati), дрьзати (drĭzati, “to dare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "11th century"
          },
          "expansion": "(11th century)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: дьрзати (dĭrzati), дьръзати (dĭrŭzati), дрьзати (drĭzati, “to dare”) (11th century)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "дерза́ть",
            "t": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: дерза́ть (derzátʹ, “to dare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: дерза́ть (derzátʹ, “to dare”), 1sg. дерза́ю (derzáju)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "дерзая",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bulgarian: дерзая (derzaja)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bulgarian: дерзая (derzaja)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "reflexive"
          },
          "expansion": "(reflexive)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "дерза́ти",
            "t": "to dare; (reflexive) to gather strength"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: дерза́ти (derzáty, “to dare; (reflexive) to gather strength”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: дерза́ти (derzáty, “to dare; (reflexive) to gather strength”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: дрьзати (drĭzati), дръзати (drŭzati, “to dare, to be bold”); 1sg. дрьзаѭ (drĭzajǫ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: [Term?]"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "дърза́я",
            "qq": "dialectal",
            "t": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: дърза́я (dǎrzája, “to dare”) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: дърза́я (dǎrzája, “to dare”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "др̏зати",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: др̏зати (“to dare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: др̏зати (“to dare”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "dȑzati",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: dȑzati (“to dare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: dȑzati (“to dare”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "drzati",
            "t": "to dare"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: drzati (“to dare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: drzati (“to dare”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*dirs-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirs-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰr̥s-u-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥s-u-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "drį̃sti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to dare"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian drį̃sti (“to dare”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽",
        "t": "to venture"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan, “to venture”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dare"
      },
      "expansion": "English dare",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "drąsùs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "courageous"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian drąsùs (“courageous”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "drùoss"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian drùoss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "dirsos",
        "3": "",
        "4": "good"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian dirsos (“good”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धृष्णु",
        "t": "bold, strong, courageous",
        "tr": "dhṛṣṇú"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “bold, strong, courageous”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "θρασύς",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bold"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰerǵʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dir̃žnas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian dir̃žnas (“strong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दृह्यति",
        "t": "to be strong",
        "tr": "dṛ́hyati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀-",
        "t": "strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀- (dər^əzra-, “strong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-ola",
        "2": "forctis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Latin forctis (“strong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fortis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fortis",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Per Derksen and Trubachev, a verb in *-ati correlating with the adjective *dьrzъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirs- (with secondary *-z- in Proto-Slavic of unknown origin), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥s-u-, from the root *dʰers-. Cognate with Lithuanian drį̃sti (“to dare”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan, “to venture”), English dare, Lithuanian drąsùs (“courageous”), Latvian drùoss, drùošs (“courageous”), Old Prussian dirsos (“good”), dyrsos (“good, brave”), Sanskrit धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “bold, strong, courageous”), Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold”).\n* Per Vasmer and Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian dir̃žnas (“strong”), dir̃žti (“to become strong, to harden”), Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), Avestan 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀- (dər^əzra-, “strong”), 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to bind”), Old Latin forctis (“strong”) (whence Latin fortis).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzanьje",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzati",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzatъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzalъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzanъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajemъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzavъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaję",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrza",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrza",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaješi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajetь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzasta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajevě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzašę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajemъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajǫtь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaji",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaji",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaašeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzaaxǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dьrzajite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrzati",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "daring, bold",
      "word": "dьrzъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "bold",
      "word": "dьrzъkъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "to dare",
      "word": "dьrznǫti"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Church Slavonic term requests",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dare"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dare",
          "dare"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "dьrzati"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.