See česnъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for česnъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic: —"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "че́сън",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: че́сън m (čésǎn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: че́сън m (čésǎn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чесен",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: чесен m (česen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: чесен m (česen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чѐсно",
"g": "n",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чѐсно n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чѐсно n, че̏но n, чѐсан m, чѐшањ m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȅsen",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čȅsen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čȅsen, česãn m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čésen",
"3": "česenj"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čésen, česenj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čésen, česenj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "česeň",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: česeň m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: česeň m"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*česati",
"3": "*-nъ",
"alt1": "**česti"
},
"expansion": "**česti + *-nъ",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "klieben",
"t": "to cleave"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German klieben (“to cleave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chlobolouch",
"t": "garlic"
},
"expansion": "Old High German chlobolouch (“garlic”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Knoblauch"
},
"expansion": "German Knoblauch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kesn-o-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kesn-o-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cainneann",
"3": "",
"4": "leek"
},
"expansion": "Irish cainneann (“leek”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cennin",
"3": "",
"4": "leek"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cennin (“leek”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Probably substantivized adjective, from **česti + *-nъ. For the meaning compare Middle High German klieben (“to cleave”) : Old High German chlobolouch (“garlic”) (> German Knoblauch).\n* Author?: from Proto-Indo-European *kesn-o-, likely from a non-Indo-European (substrate) source. Cognate with Irish cainneann (“leek”), Welsh cennin (“leek”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "česnъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "česno",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "česni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "česnomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "česny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "česny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "česněxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "česni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "česno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "česnomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "česny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "česněxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "česně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "česno"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/česnъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Nouns",
"word": "česnikъ"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns",
"word": "česnъkъ"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives",
"word": "česnovъ"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives",
"word": "česnovatъ"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives",
"word": "česnovitъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"garlic"
],
"id": "en-česnъ-sla-pro-noun-QQJAhNLi",
"links": [
[
"garlic",
"garlic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) garlic"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*česnъkъ"
},
{
"word": "česno"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "česnъ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Nouns",
"word": "česnikъ"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns",
"word": "česnъkъ"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives",
"word": "česnovъ"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives",
"word": "česnovatъ"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives",
"word": "česnovitъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic: —"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "че́сън",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: че́сън m (čésǎn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: че́сън m (čésǎn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "чесен",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: чесен m (česen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: чесен m (česen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чѐсно",
"g": "n",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чѐсно n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чѐсно n, че̏но n, чѐсан m, чѐшањ m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȅsen",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čȅsen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čȅsen, česãn m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čésen",
"3": "česenj"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čésen, česenj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čésen, česenj"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "česeň",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: česeň m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: česeň m"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*česati",
"3": "*-nъ",
"alt1": "**česti"
},
"expansion": "**česti + *-nъ",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "klieben",
"t": "to cleave"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German klieben (“to cleave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "chlobolouch",
"t": "garlic"
},
"expansion": "Old High German chlobolouch (“garlic”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Knoblauch"
},
"expansion": "German Knoblauch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kesn-o-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kesn-o-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cainneann",
"3": "",
"4": "leek"
},
"expansion": "Irish cainneann (“leek”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cennin",
"3": "",
"4": "leek"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cennin (“leek”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Probably substantivized adjective, from **česti + *-nъ. For the meaning compare Middle High German klieben (“to cleave”) : Old High German chlobolouch (“garlic”) (> German Knoblauch).\n* Author?: from Proto-Indo-European *kesn-o-, likely from a non-Indo-European (substrate) source. Cognate with Irish cainneann (“leek”), Welsh cennin (“leek”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "česnъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "česno",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "česni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "česnomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "česny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "česny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "česněxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "česni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "česno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "česnomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česnъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "česny",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "česnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "česněxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "česno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "česně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "česna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "česno"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/česnъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic dialectal terms",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"sla-pro:Alliums"
],
"glosses": [
"garlic"
],
"links": [
[
"garlic",
"garlic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) garlic"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*česnъkъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "česno"
}
],
"word": "česnъ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.