See 文化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "吳語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "吳語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "客家語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「化」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「文」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有同音詞的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "泉漳話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "潮州話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "閩東語名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "閩東語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "unknown",
"related": [
{
"word": "文化人"
},
{
"word": "文明"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "zh-文化-zh-unknown-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"audio": "zh-wénhuà.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Zh-wénhuà.ogg/Zh-wénhuà.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-wénhuà.ogg"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"平話字"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wên²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wén-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wenhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "вэньхуа (vɛnʹxua)"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文化",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文話",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文话",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "màhn fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "men⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ faː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun^ˇ fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/vun¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"福州話",
"平話字"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"福州話"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"臺羅"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-huà"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"普實台文"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bunhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (廈門"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (泉州"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² hua²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (漳州"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (臺北"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (高雄"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "bûng huè"
},
{
"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"吳音小字典"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "ven^去 ho"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "³ven-ho"
},
{
"ipa": "/vən²² ho⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"國際音標 (上海"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "civilization"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "education"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "schooling"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "literacy"
},
{
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "connaissance"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "savoir"
},
{
"lang": "意大利语",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "духовная"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просвещение"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "цивилизация"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурный"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурно"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просветительный"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "文化"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "문화"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "지식"
},
{
"lang": "满语",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"word": "xu wen"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "văn hóa"
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
{
"categories": [
"吳語名詞",
"吳語詞元",
"官話名詞",
"官話詞元",
"客家語名詞",
"客家語詞元",
"帶「化」的漢語詞",
"帶「文」的漢語詞",
"有同音詞的官話詞",
"有國際音標的漢語詞",
"有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
"泉漳話名詞",
"泉漳話詞元",
"漢語名詞",
"漢語詞元",
"潮州話名詞",
"潮州話詞元",
"粵語名詞",
"粵語詞元",
"閩東語名詞",
"閩東語詞元"
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "unknown",
"related": [
{
"word": "文化人"
},
{
"word": "文明"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"audio": "zh-wénhuà.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Zh-wénhuà.ogg/Zh-wénhuà.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-wénhuà.ogg"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"平話字"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúnhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wên²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wén-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wenhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "вэньхуа (vɛnʹxua)"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文化",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文話",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "文话",
"raw_tags": [
"同音詞"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "màhn fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "men⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ faː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "vùn-fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun^ˇ fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "vun² fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/vun¹¹ fa⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話",
"包括苗栗和美濃"
],
"tags": [
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"福州話",
"平話字"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ùng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"福州話"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern Min",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"白話字"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-hòa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"臺羅"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bûn-huà"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"普實台文"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
],
"zh_pron": "bunhoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (廈門"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (泉州"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² hua²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (漳州"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (臺北"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bun²³⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"泉漳話",
"國際音標 (高雄"
],
"tags": [
"Southern Min"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "bhung⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "bûng huè"
},
{
"ipa": "/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Southern Min",
"Teochew",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶ven-ho"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"吳音小字典"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "ven^去 ho"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "³ven-ho"
},
{
"ipa": "/vən²² ho⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"太湖片",
"國際音標 (上海"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kultur"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "civilization"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "education"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "schooling"
},
{
"lang": "英语",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "literacy"
},
{
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "culture"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "civilisation"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "connaissance"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "savoir"
},
{
"lang": "意大利语",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "cultura"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "духовная"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культура"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просвещение"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "цивилизация"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурный"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "культурно"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "просветительный"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "文化"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "문화"
},
{
"lang": "韩语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "지식"
},
{
"lang": "满语",
"lang_code": "mnc",
"word": "xu wen"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"word": "văn hóa"
}
],
"word": "文化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 文化 meaning in 漢語 (6.7kB)
{
"called_from": "extractor/zh/page/parse_section/192",
"msg": "Unhandled subtitle: 寫法",
"path": [
"文化"
],
"section": "漢語",
"subsection": "寫法",
"title": "文化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"文化"
],
"section": "漢語",
"subsection": "讀音",
"title": "文化",
"trace": "started on line 25, detected on line 25"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"文化"
],
"section": "漢語",
"subsection": "讀音",
"title": "文化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.