See 吐蕃 on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "中古漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "官話詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「吐」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "帶「蕃」的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有多個讀音的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "粵語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "唐朝時始出現。部分學者認為第二字蕃，在中古漢語中應該帶 -n 的音節尾（即 pʉɐn 或 bʉɐn，其中前者在現代官話中規則演變作 fān）。到現代才有是否讀作 Tǔbō 的爭論，這可能起源於法國漢學家雷暮沙（1788-1832），他認為第二字應當匹配藏語 བོད (bod, “西藏，藏區”)（Pelliot, 1915）。唐代及元代詩歌韻尾表明，蕃字在當時確帶有 -n 的音節尾（Yao, 2014）。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土蕃"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"pos_title": "專有名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有古舊詞義的漢語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有引文的文言文詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "唐·李隆基《討吐蕃制》",
"roman": "Tùbō xiǎoguǐ, pínnián fànsài, huài wǒ chéngzhèn, lǔ wǒ biānrén, yánniàn zhēngfū, liáng shēn fènwǎn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"text": "吐蕃小鬼，頻年犯塞，壞我城鎮，虜我邊人，言念征夫，良深憤惋。",
"translation": "吐蕃這群小人，連年侵犯我國邊塞，毀壞我國的城鎮，擄走邊境的民眾，我一想到為此出征的士兵，就感到十分痛心憤恨。"
},
{
"ref": "唐·李隆基《討吐蕃制》",
"roman": "Tùbō xiǎoguǐ, pínnián fànsài, huài wǒ chéngzhèn, lǔ wǒ biānrén, yánniàn zhēngfū, liáng shēn fènwǎn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"text": "吐蕃小鬼，频年犯塞，坏我城镇，虏我边人，言念征夫，良深愤惋。",
"translation": "吐蕃這群小人，連年侵犯我國邊塞，毀壞我國的城鎮，擄走邊境的民眾，我一想到為此出征的士兵，就感到十分痛心憤恨。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"西藏；7世紀初到9世紀中葉存在於青藏高原的藏人君主制國家。"
],
"id": "zh-吐蕃-zh-name-PIqvO5MI",
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔbō, Tǔfān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ, ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tou³ bo³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔbō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔbo"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Tʻu³-po¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔ-bwō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Tuubo"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Тубо (Tubo)"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔfān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄢ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔfan"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Tʻu³-fan¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔ-fān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Tuufan"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Туфань (Tufanʹ)"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tou³ bo³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tou bo"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tou³ bo³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "tou³ bo³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"中古漢語"
],
"zh_pron": "thuX pjon"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"word": "圖伯特"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"word": "图伯特"
}
],
"word": "吐蕃"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有中學漢字的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有人名用漢字的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有兩個漢字的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "吐蕃",
"ruby": [
[
"吐",
"と"
],
[
"蕃",
"ばん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Toban",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"pos_title": "專有名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有古舊詞義的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"西藏"
],
"id": "zh-吐蕃-ja-name-YhUd4DhB",
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "吐蕃"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "以漢字書寫的朝鮮語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "朝鮮語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "朝鮮語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tobeon",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "토번",
"raw_tags": [
"韓文"
]
}
],
"lang": "朝鮮語",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"pos_title": "專有名詞",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "토번"
}
],
"glosses": [
"토번 (tobeon)的漢字：西藏。"
],
"id": "zh-吐蕃-ko-name-rJIQqgT2",
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "吐蕃"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "越南語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "越南語漢字專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "越南語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "越南語",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "name",
"pos_title": "專有名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "儒字",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "Thổ Phồn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thổ Phồn (“西藏”)的漢字。"
],
"id": "zh-吐蕃-vi-name-y2cCBBGy",
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "吐蕃"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語專有名詞",
"日語詞元",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有中學漢字的日語詞",
"有人名用漢字的日語詞",
"有兩個漢字的日語詞",
"有詞條的頁面"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "吐蕃",
"ruby": [
[
"吐",
"と"
],
[
"蕃",
"ばん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Toban",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日語",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"pos_title": "專有名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"有古舊詞義的日語詞"
],
"glosses": [
"西藏"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "吐蕃"
}
{
"categories": [
"以漢字書寫的朝鮮語專有名詞",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有詞條的頁面",
"朝鮮語專有名詞",
"朝鮮語詞元"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Tobeon",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "토번",
"raw_tags": [
"韓文"
]
}
],
"lang": "朝鮮語",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"pos_title": "專有名詞",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "토번"
}
],
"glosses": [
"토번 (tobeon)的漢字：西藏。"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "吐蕃"
}
{
"categories": [
"中古漢語專有名詞",
"中古漢語詞元",
"官話專有名詞",
"官話詞元",
"帶「吐」的漢語詞",
"帶「蕃」的漢語詞",
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的漢語詞",
"有多個讀音的官話詞",
"有詞條的頁面",
"漢語專有名詞",
"漢語詞元",
"粵語專有名詞",
"粵語詞元"
],
"etymology_text": "唐朝時始出現。部分學者認為第二字蕃，在中古漢語中應該帶 -n 的音節尾（即 pʉɐn 或 bʉɐn，其中前者在現代官話中規則演變作 fān）。到現代才有是否讀作 Tǔbō 的爭論，這可能起源於法國漢學家雷暮沙（1788-1832），他認為第二字應當匹配藏語 བོད (bod, “西藏，藏區”)（Pelliot, 1915）。唐代及元代詩歌韻尾表明，蕃字在當時確帶有 -n 的音節尾（Yao, 2014）。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土蕃"
}
],
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"pos_title": "專有名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"有古舊詞義的漢語詞",
"有引文的文言文詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "唐·李隆基《討吐蕃制》",
"roman": "Tùbō xiǎoguǐ, pínnián fànsài, huài wǒ chéngzhèn, lǔ wǒ biānrén, yánniàn zhēngfū, liáng shēn fènwǎn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"text": "吐蕃小鬼，頻年犯塞，壞我城鎮，虜我邊人，言念征夫，良深憤惋。",
"translation": "吐蕃這群小人，連年侵犯我國邊塞，毀壞我國的城鎮，擄走邊境的民眾，我一想到為此出征的士兵，就感到十分痛心憤恨。"
},
{
"ref": "唐·李隆基《討吐蕃制》",
"roman": "Tùbō xiǎoguǐ, pínnián fànsài, huài wǒ chéngzhèn, lǔ wǒ biānrén, yánniàn zhēngfū, liáng shēn fènwǎn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin",
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"text": "吐蕃小鬼，频年犯塞，坏我城镇，虏我边人，言念征夫，良深愤惋。",
"translation": "吐蕃這群小人，連年侵犯我國邊塞，毀壞我國的城鎮，擄走邊境的民眾，我一想到為此出征的士兵，就感到十分痛心憤恨。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"西藏；7世紀初到9世紀中葉存在於青藏高原的藏人君主制國家。"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔbō, Tǔfān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ, ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tou³ bo³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔbō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔbo"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Tʻu³-po¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔ-bwō"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Tuubo"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Тубо (Tubo)"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 中國大陸標準"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔfān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄢ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔfan"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade–Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Tʻu³-fan¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Tǔ-fān"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Tuufan"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Туфань (Tufanʹ)"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語, 臺灣標準, 中國大陸讀法"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tou³ bo³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tou bo"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tou³ bo³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "tou³ bo³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"標準粵語",
"廣州–香港話"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"中古漢語"
],
"zh_pron": "thuX pjon"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"word": "圖伯特"
},
{
"tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"word": "图伯特"
}
],
"word": "吐蕃"
}
{
"categories": [
"有4個詞條的頁面",
"有詞條的頁面",
"越南語專有名詞",
"越南語漢字專有名詞",
"越南語詞元"
],
"lang": "越南語",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "name",
"pos_title": "專有名詞",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"儒字"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "Thổ Phồn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thổ Phồn (“西藏”)的漢字。"
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "吐蕃"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 吐蕃 meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-12 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f074e77 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.