"膽小" meaning in 漢語

See 膽小 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /tän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /tɑɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Erhua, Sinological-IPA], /taːm³⁵ siːu̯³⁵/ [Cantonese, Standard-Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, IPA] Forms: 胆小 [Simplified-Chinese]
  1. 膽量小,缺乏勇氣
    Sense id: zh-膽小-zh-adj-aXlcqJ74
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 膽小如鼠 (dǎnxiǎorúshǔ) [Traditional-Chinese], 胆小如鼠 (dǎnxiǎorúshǔ) [Simplified-Chinese], 膽小怕事 [Traditional-Chinese], 胆小怕事 [Simplified-Chinese], 膽小鬼 [Traditional-Chinese], 胆小鬼 [Simplified-Chinese]
Categories (other): 官話形容詞, 官話詞元, 帶「小」的漢語詞, 帶「膽」的漢語詞, 有1個詞條的頁面, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 漢語形容詞, 漢語詞元, 粵語形容詞, 粵語詞元 Synonyms: 喪膽 (sàngdǎn) [Traditional-Chinese], 丧胆 (sàngdǎn) [Simplified-Chinese], 小膽 [Traditional-Chinese, Hokkien], 小胆 [Simplified-Chinese, Hokkien], 怯懦 (qiènuò), 慄膽 [Traditional-Chinese], 栗胆 [Simplified-Chinese], 懦弱 (nuòruò), 懾膽 [Traditional-Chinese, Hokkien], 慑胆 [Simplified-Chinese, Hokkien], (xióng) [colloquial], 破膽 [Traditional-Chinese, Hokkien], 破胆 [Simplified-Chinese, Hokkien], 細膽 (sai³ daam²) [Traditional-Chinese, Cantonese], 细胆 (sai³ daam²) [Simplified-Chinese, Cantonese], 羞怯 (xiūqiè), 膽怯 [Traditional-Chinese], 胆怯 [Simplified-Chinese], 膽細 [Traditional-Chinese, Hokkien], 胆细 [Simplified-Chinese, Hokkien], 荏弱 (rěnruò), 軟弱 (ruǎnruò) [Traditional-Chinese], 软弱 (ruǎnruò) [Simplified-Chinese], 雀囝膽 [Traditional-Chinese, Puxian-Min], 雀囝胆 [Simplified-Chinese, Puxian-Min], 鳥囝膽 [Traditional-Chinese, Puxian-Min], 鸟囝胆 [Simplified-Chinese, Puxian-Min], 鳥膽 [Traditional-Chinese, Puxian-Min], 鸟胆 [Simplified-Chinese, Puxian-Min]
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「小」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「膽」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "dǎnxiǎorúshǔ",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "膽小如鼠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dǎnxiǎorúshǔ",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "胆小如鼠"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "膽小怕事"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "胆小怕事"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "膽小鬼"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "胆小鬼"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "胆小",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "形容詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "膽量小,缺乏勇氣"
      ],
      "id": "zh-膽小-zh-adj-aXlcqJ74"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnxiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄉㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄠˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "daam² siu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnxiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dánxiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄉㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄠˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnsiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tan³-hsiao³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎn-syǎu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "daansheau"
    },
    {
      "roman": "danʹsjao",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "даньсяо"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnrxiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Pinyin",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dánrxiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄉㄢˇㄦ ㄒㄧㄠˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnrsiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tan³-ʼrh-hsiao³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnr-syǎu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "daalsheau"
    },
    {
      "roman": "danʹrsjao",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "даньрсяо"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tɑɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "daam² siu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dáam síu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "daam² siu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dam² xiu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/taːm³⁵ siːu̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "sàngdǎn",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "喪膽"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sàngdǎn",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "丧胆"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "小膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "小胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiènuò",
      "word": "怯懦"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門話",
        "漳州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "慄膽"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門話",
        "漳州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "栗胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nuòruò",
      "word": "懦弱"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "懾膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "慑胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xióng",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "熊"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "破膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "破胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sai³ daam²",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "細膽"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sai³ daam²",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "细胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiūqiè",
      "word": "羞怯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "膽怯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "胆怯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "膽細"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "胆细"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rěnruò",
      "word": "荏弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ruǎnruò",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "軟弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ruǎnruò",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "软弱"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "雀囝膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "雀囝胆"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "鳥囝膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "鸟囝胆"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "鳥膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "鸟胆"
    }
  ],
  "word": "膽小"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "官話形容詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「小」的漢語詞",
    "帶「膽」的漢語詞",
    "有1個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "漢語形容詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "粵語形容詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "dǎnxiǎorúshǔ",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "膽小如鼠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dǎnxiǎorúshǔ",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "胆小如鼠"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "膽小怕事"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "胆小怕事"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "膽小鬼"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "胆小鬼"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "胆小",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "形容詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "膽量小,缺乏勇氣"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnxiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄉㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄠˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "daam² siu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnxiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dánxiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄉㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄠˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnsiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tan³-hsiao³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎn-syǎu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "daansheau"
    },
    {
      "roman": "danʹsjao",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "даньсяо"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnrxiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Pinyin",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dánrxiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄉㄢˇㄦ ㄒㄧㄠˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnrsiǎo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tan³-ʼrh-hsiao³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dǎnr-syǎu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "daalsheau"
    },
    {
      "roman": "danʹrsjao",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "даньрсяо"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tɑɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Erhua",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "daam² siu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dáam síu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "daam² siu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "dam² xiu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/taːm³⁵ siːu̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "sàngdǎn",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "喪膽"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sàngdǎn",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "丧胆"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "小膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "小胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiènuò",
      "word": "怯懦"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門話",
        "漳州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "慄膽"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廈門話",
        "漳州話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "栗胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nuòruò",
      "word": "懦弱"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "懾膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "慑胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xióng",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "熊"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "破膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "破胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sai³ daam²",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "細膽"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sai³ daam²",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "细胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiūqiè",
      "word": "羞怯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "膽怯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "胆怯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "膽細"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "胆细"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rěnruò",
      "word": "荏弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ruǎnruò",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "軟弱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ruǎnruò",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "软弱"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "雀囝膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "雀囝胆"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "鳥囝膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "鸟囝胆"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "鳥膽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "word": "鸟胆"
    }
  ],
  "word": "膽小"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 膽小 meaning in 漢語 (5.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-28 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-22 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.