See 上海 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for 上海 meaning in 漢語 (16.6kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語專有名詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語紅鏈/zh-l",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "漢語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Shanghai",
"word": "Shang-hai"
},
{
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Shanghai",
"word": "Shang-hai"
},
{
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Shanghai",
"word": "Shang-hai"
},
{
"lang_code": "fr",
"roman": "Changhaï",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang_code": "fr",
"roman": "Changhaï",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang_code": "fr",
"roman": "Changhaï",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "Shanhai",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"シャン"
],
[
"海",
"ハイ"
]
],
"word": "上海"
},
{
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "Sanghai",
"word": "상하이"
},
{
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Šanxáj",
"word": "Шанха́й"
},
{
"lang_code": "za",
"word": "Sanghaij"
}
],
"etymology_text": "以舊河名上海浦命名。",
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的吳語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的官話詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"roman": "Shànghǎi zhèngquàn jiāoyìsuǒ",
"tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"text": "上海證券交易所"
},
{
"roman": "Shànghǎi zhèngquàn jiāoyìsuǒ",
"tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"text": "上海证券交易所"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"繁體和簡體"
],
"roman": "Tā zuìjìn pǎo dào Shànghǎi qù le.",
"text": "她最近跑到上海去了。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"繁體"
],
"roman": "Zài Shànghǎi wǒ háiyǒu jǐ jiàn shìqíng yào ānpái.",
"text": "在上海我還有幾件事情要安排。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"簡體"
],
"roman": "Zài Shànghǎi wǒ háiyǒu jǐ jiàn shìqíng yào ānpái.",
"text": "在上海我还有几件事情要安排。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上海話",
"繁體"
],
"roman": "⁶non ⁵tau ⁶zaon-he ⁶le ⁰leq ¹tu-sau ⁶zen-kuaon ⁰leq",
"text": "儂到上海來了多少辰光了？",
"translation": "你來上海多久了？"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上海話",
"簡體"
],
"roman": "⁶non ⁵tau ⁶zaon-he ⁶le ⁰leq ¹tu-sau ⁶zen-kuaon ⁰leq",
"text": "侬到上海来了多少辰光了？",
"translation": "你來上海多久了？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(～市) 中國最大的工商业城市，中央直辖市，世界特大城市和十大港口之一。地扼长江出海口。"
],
"id": "zh-上海-zh-name-j9d-azzc"
},
{
"glosses": [
"(～縣) 舊縣名，位於中國上海"
],
"id": "zh-上海-zh-name-jlgd3Nsv",
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Shànghǎi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"注音"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄞˇ"
},
{
"audio": "zh-上海.opus",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Zh-上海.opus/Zh-上海.opus.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Zh-上海.opus/Zh-上海.opus.ogg",
"opus_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-上海.opus"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"成都話，四川話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Sang⁴ hai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"廣州–香港話，粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "soeng⁶ hoi²"
},
{
"audio": "zh-yue-上海.opus",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Zh-yue-上海.opus/Zh-yue-上海.opus.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Zh-yue-上海.opus/Zh-yue-上海.opus.ogg",
"opus_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-yue-上海.opus"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"台山話，維基詞典拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "siang⁵ hoi²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣，白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Sông-hói"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅縣，客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "song⁴ hoi³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"晉語",
"維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "son³ hai²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩北語",
"建寧羅馬字"
],
"zh_pron": "Ciōng-huǒi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩東語",
"平話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siông-hāi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話，白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siōng-hái / Siǒng-hái / Siāng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話，潮州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "siang⁶ hai²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"吳語",
"太湖片"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶zaon-he"
},
{
"audio": "zh-wuu-2-上海.opus",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus/Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus/Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus.ogg",
"opus_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-wuu-2-上海.opus"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話，維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "shan⁵ hai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Shànghǎi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"注音"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄞˇ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"通用拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Shànghǎi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"威妥瑪拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Shang⁴-hai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"耶魯官話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Shàng-hǎi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"國語羅馬字"
],
"zh_pron": "Shanqhae"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"西里爾字母轉寫"
],
"zh_pron": "Шанхай (Šanxaj)"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"漢語國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"成都話",
"四川話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Sang⁴ hai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"成都話",
"四川話拉丁化新文字"
],
"zh_pron": "Sangxaai"
},
{
"ipa": "/saŋ²¹³ xai⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"成都話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "soeng⁶ hoi²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"耶魯粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "seuhng hói"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"廣州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "soeng⁶ hoi²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"廣東拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "sêng⁶ hoi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯³⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"台山話，台城",
"維基詞典拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "siang⁵ hoi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/siaŋ³² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"台山話，台城",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Sông-hói"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "song´ hoi`"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "song¹ hoi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/soŋ²⁴ hoi̯³¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅州話",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "song⁴ hoi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hoɪ³¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅州話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"晉語",
"太原話",
"維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "son³ hai²"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɒ̃⁴⁵ xai⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"晉語",
"太原話",
"國際音標 (老派"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩北語",
"建甌話",
"建寧羅馬字"
],
"zh_pron": "Ciōng-huǒi"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵ xuɛ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩北語",
"建甌話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩東語",
"福州話",
"平話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siông-hāi"
},
{
"ipa": "/suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩東語",
"福州話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siōng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"臺羅"
],
"zh_pron": "Siōng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"普實台文"
],
"zh_pron": "sioxnghae"
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ²¹ hai⁴⁴⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"國際音標 (檳城"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hai⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"國際音標 (高雄"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"國際音標 (新加坡"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"國際音標 (臺北"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"國際音標 (廈門"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 泉州, 晉江, 菲律賓",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siǒng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 泉州, 晉江, 菲律賓",
"臺羅"
],
"zh_pron": "Siǒng-hái"
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ²² hai⁵⁵⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 泉州, 晉江, 菲律賓",
"國際音標 (泉州"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ³³⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 泉州, 晉江, 菲律賓",
"國際音標 (晉江, 菲律賓"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 漳州",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siāng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 漳州",
"臺羅"
],
"zh_pron": "Siāng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 漳州",
"普實台文"
],
"zh_pron": "siaxnghae"
},
{
"ipa": "/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 漳州",
"國際音標 (漳州"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"潮州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "siang⁶ hai²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"模仿白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "siăng hái"
},
{
"ipa": "/siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵²/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"吳語",
"上海",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶zaon-he"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"吳語",
"上海",
"MiniDict"
],
"zh_pron": "zaon^去 he"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"吳語",
"上海",
"維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
],
"zh_pron": "³zaan-he"
},
{
"ipa": "/zɑ̃²² he⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"吳語",
"上海",
"Wiktionary:國際音標 (上海"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話",
"維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "shan⁵ hai³"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂan²¹⁻¹¹ xaɪ̯⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話",
"國際音標 (老派"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/san²¹⁻¹¹ xaɪ̯⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話",
"國際音標 (新派"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"language_variant": "zh-Hant",
"raw_tags": [
"簡稱"
],
"word": "滬"
},
{
"language_variant": "zh-Hans",
"raw_tags": [
"簡稱"
],
"word": "沪；申"
},
{
"word": "申城"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "阿拉伯语",
"lang_code": "ar",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَانْغْهَاي"
},
{
"lang": "阿拉伯语",
"lang_code": "ar",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَانْغْخَاي"
},
{
"lang": "亚美尼亚语",
"lang_code": "hy",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Շանհայ"
},
{
"lang": "白俄罗斯语",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Шанха́й"
},
{
"lang": "保加利亚语",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Шанха́й"
},
{
"lang": "缅甸语",
"lang_code": "my",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "ရှန်ဟိုင်း"
},
{
"lang": "加泰罗尼亚语",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Xangai"
},
{
"lang": "捷克语",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Šanghaj"
},
{
"lang": "荷兰语",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Sjanghai"
},
{
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang": "世界语",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Ŝanhajo"
},
{
"lang": "芬兰语",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Shanghaï"
},
{
"lang": "格鲁吉亚语",
"lang_code": "ka",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "შანჰაი"
},
{
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schanghai"
},
{
"lang": "希腊语",
"lang_code": "el",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Σανγκάη"
},
{
"lang": "希伯来语",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "shang-khái",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "שַׁאנְגחָאי"
},
{
"lang": "印地语",
"lang_code": "hi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "शैंगहाय"
},
{
"lang": "匈牙利语",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Sanghaj"
},
{
"lang": "冰岛语",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Sjanghæ"
},
{
"lang": "伊多语",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang": "爱尔兰语",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shang-hai"
},
{
"lang": "意大利语",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "Shanhai",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "上海"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "Shanhai",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "シャンハイ"
},
{
"lang": "朝鲜语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "^상하이"
},
{
"lang": "朝鲜语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "^상해(上海)"
},
{
"lang": "拉丁语",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Sciamhaevum"
},
{
"lang": "拉丁语",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Sanghaevum"
},
{
"lang": "拉丁语",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Siamhaevum"
},
{
"lang": "拉脱维亚语",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Šanhaja"
},
{
"lang": "立陶宛语",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Šanchajus"
},
{
"lang": "傣仂语",
"lang_code": "khb",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "ᦉᦱᧂᧈᦆᦻ"
},
{
"lang": "马其顿语",
"lang_code": "mk",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ша́нгај"
},
{
"lang": "奥克语",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang": "奥克语",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shangai"
},
{
"lang": "波斯语",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "šânghâi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "شانگهای"
},
{
"lang": "波兰语",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Szanghaj"
},
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Xangai"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Шанха́й"
},
{
"lang": "西里尔字母",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Шангај"
},
{
"lang": "罗马字母",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Šangaj"
},
{
"lang": "斯洛伐克语",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Šanghaj"
},
{
"lang": "斯洛文尼亚语",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Šanghaj"
},
{
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghái"
},
{
"lang": "泰米尔语",
"lang_code": "ta",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "சாங்காய்"
},
{
"lang": "泰卢固语",
"lang_code": "te",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "షాంఘై"
},
{
"lang": "泰语",
"lang_code": "th",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "เซี่ยงไฮ้"
},
{
"lang": "土耳其语",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Şanghay"
},
{
"lang": "乌克兰语",
"lang_code": "uk",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Шанха́й"
},
{
"lang": "乌尔都语",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "śanghāī",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "شنگھائی"
},
{
"lang": "维吾尔语",
"lang_code": "ug",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "شاڭخەي"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Thượng Hải"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "上海"
},
{
"lang": "意第绪语",
"lang_code": "yi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "שאַנכײַ"
},
{
"lang": "壮语",
"lang_code": "za",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Sanghaij"
}
],
"word": "上海"
}
{
"categories": [
"漢語專有名詞",
"漢語紅鏈/zh-l",
"漢語詞元"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Shanghai",
"word": "Shang-hai"
},
{
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Shanghai",
"word": "Shang-hai"
},
{
"lang_code": "en",
"roman": "Shanghai",
"word": "Shang-hai"
},
{
"lang_code": "fr",
"roman": "Changhaï",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang_code": "fr",
"roman": "Changhaï",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang_code": "fr",
"roman": "Changhaï",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "Shanhai",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"シャン"
],
[
"海",
"ハイ"
]
],
"word": "上海"
},
{
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "Sanghai",
"word": "상하이"
},
{
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Šanxáj",
"word": "Шанха́й"
},
{
"lang_code": "za",
"word": "Sanghaij"
}
],
"etymology_text": "以舊河名上海浦命名。",
"lang": "漢語",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"有使用例的吳語詞",
"有使用例的官話詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"roman": "Shànghǎi zhèngquàn jiāoyìsuǒ",
"tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"text": "上海證券交易所"
},
{
"roman": "Shànghǎi zhèngquàn jiāoyìsuǒ",
"tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"text": "上海证券交易所"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"繁體和簡體"
],
"roman": "Tā zuìjìn pǎo dào Shànghǎi qù le.",
"text": "她最近跑到上海去了。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"繁體"
],
"roman": "Zài Shànghǎi wǒ háiyǒu jǐ jiàn shìqíng yào ānpái.",
"text": "在上海我還有幾件事情要安排。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"現代標準漢語",
"簡體"
],
"roman": "Zài Shànghǎi wǒ háiyǒu jǐ jiàn shìqíng yào ānpái.",
"text": "在上海我还有几件事情要安排。"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上海話",
"繁體"
],
"roman": "⁶non ⁵tau ⁶zaon-he ⁶le ⁰leq ¹tu-sau ⁶zen-kuaon ⁰leq",
"text": "儂到上海來了多少辰光了？",
"translation": "你來上海多久了？"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"上海話",
"簡體"
],
"roman": "⁶non ⁵tau ⁶zaon-he ⁶le ⁰leq ¹tu-sau ⁶zen-kuaon ⁰leq",
"text": "侬到上海来了多少辰光了？",
"translation": "你來上海多久了？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(～市) 中國最大的工商业城市，中央直辖市，世界特大城市和十大港口之一。地扼长江出海口。"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(～縣) 舊縣名，位於中國上海"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Shànghǎi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"注音"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄞˇ"
},
{
"audio": "zh-上海.opus",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Zh-上海.opus/Zh-上海.opus.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Zh-上海.opus/Zh-上海.opus.ogg",
"opus_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-上海.opus"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"成都話，四川話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Sang⁴ hai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"廣州–香港話，粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "soeng⁶ hoi²"
},
{
"audio": "zh-yue-上海.opus",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Zh-yue-上海.opus/Zh-yue-上海.opus.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Zh-yue-上海.opus/Zh-yue-上海.opus.ogg",
"opus_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-yue-上海.opus"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"台山話，維基詞典拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "siang⁵ hoi²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣，白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Sông-hói"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅縣，客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "song⁴ hoi³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"晉語",
"維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "son³ hai²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩北語",
"建寧羅馬字"
],
"zh_pron": "Ciōng-huǒi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩東語",
"平話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siông-hāi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話，白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siōng-hái / Siǒng-hái / Siāng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話，潮州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "siang⁶ hai²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"吳語",
"太湖片"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶zaon-he"
},
{
"audio": "zh-wuu-2-上海.opus",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus/Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus/Zh-wuu-2-上海.opus.ogg",
"opus_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-wuu-2-上海.opus"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話，維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "shan⁵ hai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Shànghǎi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"注音"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄞˇ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"通用拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Shànghǎi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"威妥瑪拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Shang⁴-hai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"耶魯官話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Shàng-hǎi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"國語羅馬字"
],
"zh_pron": "Shanqhae"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"西里爾字母轉寫"
],
"zh_pron": "Шанхай (Šanxaj)"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"現代標準漢語",
"漢語國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"成都話",
"四川話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "Sang⁴ hai³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"成都話",
"四川話拉丁化新文字"
],
"zh_pron": "Sangxaai"
},
{
"ipa": "/saŋ²¹³ xai⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"官話",
"成都話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "soeng⁶ hoi²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"耶魯粵拼"
],
"zh_pron": "seuhng hói"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"廣州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "soeng⁶ hoi²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"廣東拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "sêng⁶ hoi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/sœːŋ²² hɔːi̯³⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"標準粵語，廣州–香港話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"台山話，台城",
"維基詞典拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "siang⁵ hoi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/siaŋ³² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"粵語",
"台山話，台城",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Sông-hói"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家語拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "song´ hoi`"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "song¹ hoi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/soŋ²⁴ hoi̯³¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"四縣話，包括苗栗和美濃",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅州話",
"客家話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "song⁴ hoi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hoɪ³¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"客家語",
"梅州話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"晉語",
"太原話",
"維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "son³ hai²"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɒ̃⁴⁵ xai⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"晉語",
"太原話",
"國際音標 (老派"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩北語",
"建甌話",
"建寧羅馬字"
],
"zh_pron": "Ciōng-huǒi"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵ xuɛ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩北語",
"建甌話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩東語",
"福州話",
"平話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siông-hāi"
},
{
"ipa": "/suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩東語",
"福州話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siōng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"臺羅"
],
"zh_pron": "Siōng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"普實台文"
],
"zh_pron": "sioxnghae"
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ²¹ hai⁴⁴⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"國際音標 (檳城"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hai⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"國際音標 (高雄"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"國際音標 (新加坡"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"國際音標 (臺北"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 廈門, 臺灣話（常用）, 檳城, 新加坡",
"國際音標 (廈門"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 泉州, 晉江, 菲律賓",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siǒng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 泉州, 晉江, 菲律賓",
"臺羅"
],
"zh_pron": "Siǒng-hái"
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ²² hai⁵⁵⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 泉州, 晉江, 菲律賓",
"國際音標 (泉州"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/siɔŋ³³⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 泉州, 晉江, 菲律賓",
"國際音標 (晉江, 菲律賓"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 漳州",
"白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "Siāng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 漳州",
"臺羅"
],
"zh_pron": "Siāng-hái"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 漳州",
"普實台文"
],
"zh_pron": "siaxnghae"
},
{
"ipa": "/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ hai⁵³/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"泉漳話: 漳州",
"國際音標 (漳州"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"潮州話拼音"
],
"zh_pron": "siang⁶ hai²"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"模仿白話字"
],
"zh_pron": "siăng hái"
},
{
"ipa": "/siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵²/",
"raw_tags": [
"閩南語",
"潮州話",
"國際音標"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"吳語",
"上海",
"Wugniu"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶zaon-he"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"吳語",
"上海",
"MiniDict"
],
"zh_pron": "zaon^去 he"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"吳語",
"上海",
"維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
],
"zh_pron": "³zaan-he"
},
{
"ipa": "/zɑ̃²² he⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"吳語",
"上海",
"Wiktionary:國際音標 (上海"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話",
"維基詞典"
],
"zh_pron": "shan⁵ hai³"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʂan²¹⁻¹¹ xaɪ̯⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話",
"國際音標 (老派"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/san²¹⁻¹¹ xaɪ̯⁴¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"湘語",
"長沙話",
"國際音標 (新派"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"language_variant": "zh-Hant",
"raw_tags": [
"簡稱"
],
"word": "滬"
},
{
"language_variant": "zh-Hans",
"raw_tags": [
"簡稱"
],
"word": "沪；申"
},
{
"word": "申城"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "阿拉伯语",
"lang_code": "ar",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَانْغْهَاي"
},
{
"lang": "阿拉伯语",
"lang_code": "ar",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَانْغْخَاي"
},
{
"lang": "亚美尼亚语",
"lang_code": "hy",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Շանհայ"
},
{
"lang": "白俄罗斯语",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Шанха́й"
},
{
"lang": "保加利亚语",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Шанха́й"
},
{
"lang": "缅甸语",
"lang_code": "my",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "ရှန်ဟိုင်း"
},
{
"lang": "加泰罗尼亚语",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Xangai"
},
{
"lang": "捷克语",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Šanghaj"
},
{
"lang": "荷兰语",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Sjanghai"
},
{
"lang": "英語",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang": "世界语",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Ŝanhajo"
},
{
"lang": "芬兰语",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang": "法语",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Shanghaï"
},
{
"lang": "格鲁吉亚语",
"lang_code": "ka",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "შანჰაი"
},
{
"lang": "德语",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schanghai"
},
{
"lang": "希腊语",
"lang_code": "el",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Σανγκάη"
},
{
"lang": "希伯来语",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "shang-khái",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "שַׁאנְגחָאי"
},
{
"lang": "印地语",
"lang_code": "hi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "शैंगहाय"
},
{
"lang": "匈牙利语",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Sanghaj"
},
{
"lang": "冰岛语",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Sjanghæ"
},
{
"lang": "伊多语",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang": "爱尔兰语",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shang-hai"
},
{
"lang": "意大利语",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "Shanhai",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "上海"
},
{
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "Shanhai",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "シャンハイ"
},
{
"lang": "朝鲜语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "^상하이"
},
{
"lang": "朝鲜语",
"lang_code": "ko",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "^상해(上海)"
},
{
"lang": "拉丁语",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Sciamhaevum"
},
{
"lang": "拉丁语",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Sanghaevum"
},
{
"lang": "拉丁语",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Siamhaevum"
},
{
"lang": "拉脱维亚语",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Šanhaja"
},
{
"lang": "立陶宛语",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Šanchajus"
},
{
"lang": "傣仂语",
"lang_code": "khb",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "ᦉᦱᧂᧈᦆᦻ"
},
{
"lang": "马其顿语",
"lang_code": "mk",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ша́нгај"
},
{
"lang": "奥克语",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghai"
},
{
"lang": "奥克语",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shangai"
},
{
"lang": "波斯语",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "šânghâi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "شانگهای"
},
{
"lang": "波兰语",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Szanghaj"
},
{
"lang": "葡萄牙语",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Xangai"
},
{
"lang": "俄语",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Шанха́й"
},
{
"lang": "西里尔字母",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Шангај"
},
{
"lang": "罗马字母",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Šangaj"
},
{
"lang": "斯洛伐克语",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Šanghaj"
},
{
"lang": "斯洛文尼亚语",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Šanghaj"
},
{
"lang": "西班牙语",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Shanghái"
},
{
"lang": "泰米尔语",
"lang_code": "ta",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "சாங்காய்"
},
{
"lang": "泰卢固语",
"lang_code": "te",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "షాంఘై"
},
{
"lang": "泰语",
"lang_code": "th",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "เซี่ยงไฮ้"
},
{
"lang": "土耳其语",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Şanghay"
},
{
"lang": "乌克兰语",
"lang_code": "uk",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Шанха́й"
},
{
"lang": "乌尔都语",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "śanghāī",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "شنگھائی"
},
{
"lang": "维吾尔语",
"lang_code": "ug",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "شاڭخەي"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Thượng Hải"
},
{
"lang": "越南语",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "上海"
},
{
"lang": "意第绪语",
"lang_code": "yi",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "שאַנכײַ"
},
{
"lang": "壮语",
"lang_code": "za",
"sense": "中國東部城市",
"word": "Sanghaij"
}
],
"word": "上海"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"上海"
],
"section": "漢語",
"subsection": "發音",
"title": "上海",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-01 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (e79c026 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.