See ない in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語後綴",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "派生自上古日語的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "abunai",
"ruby": [
[
"危",
"あぶ"
]
],
"word": "危ない"
},
{
"roman": "itokenai",
"ruby": [
[
"幼",
"いと"
]
],
"word": "幼けない"
},
{
"roman": "itokenai",
"ruby": [
[
"稚",
"いとけな"
]
],
"word": "稚い"
},
{
"roman": "gikochinai",
"word": "ぎこちない"
},
{
"roman": "setsunai",
"ruby": [
[
"切",
"せつ"
]
],
"word": "切ない"
},
{
"roman": "hashitanai",
"word": "はしたない"
},
{
"roman": "sewashinai",
"ruby": [
[
"忙",
"せわ"
]
],
"word": "忙しない"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自上古日語。形容词化后缀可能最终源自古旧系动词和状态动词ぬ (nu)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "后缀",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
8
],
[
15,
18
],
[
27,
30
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
3
],
[
6,
8
],
[
12,
14
]
],
"roman": "setsunai, itokenai, gikochinai",
"ruby": [
[
"切",
"せつ"
],
[
"幼",
"いと"
]
],
"text": "切ない、幼けない、ぎこちない",
"translation": "悲伤，天真幼稚，笨手笨脚"
}
],
"glosses": [
"（后接于部分词构成イ形容詞，表示拥有某种特质）"
],
"id": "zh-ない-ja-suffix-n53QfUwY",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "nē",
"word": "ねえ"
},
{
"roman": "nē",
"word": "ねー"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "ない"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語イ形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語形容詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自中古日語形容詞無し (nashi)的連体形 (rentaikei)，其中的 /-k-/音脫落。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"イ形 (連用形"
],
"roman": "naku"
},
{
"form": "なかろ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakaro",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なけれ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakere",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "なかれ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakare",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "なくない",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體否定"
],
"roman": "naku nai",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかった",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體過去"
],
"roman": "nakatta",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくなかった",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體過去否定"
],
"roman": "naku nakatta",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "ないです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體"
],
"roman": "nai desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくないです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體否定"
],
"roman": "naku nai desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかったです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體過去"
],
"roman": "nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくなかったです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體過去否定"
],
"roman": "naku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくて",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"連接形"
],
"roman": "nakute",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なければ",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形"
],
"roman": "nakereba",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "なかったら",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"暫定形"
],
"roman": "nakattara",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかろう",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"推量形"
],
"roman": "nakarō",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なさ",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"程度形"
],
"roman": "nasa",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なく^([1])",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "なから^([2])",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "nakara",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "なく^([1])",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なかり^([2])",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "nakari",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なし",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "nasi",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"terminal"
]
},
{
"form": "なき",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "naki",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "なかる",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "nakaru",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "なけれ",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態",
"已然形"
],
"roman": "nakere",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかれ",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "nakare",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "なからず",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "nakarazu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "なけれど",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"對比連接詞"
],
"roman": "nakeredo",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なければ",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"因果連接詞"
],
"roman": "nakereba",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくば",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"條件連接詞"
],
"roman": "nakuba",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかりき",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"過去式 (第一手消息)"
],
"roman": "nakariki",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかりけり",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"過去式 (第二手消息)"
],
"roman": "nakarikeri",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"副詞"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table"
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"本詞通常使用平假名表記。",
"在公开演讲或书面语言中，推荐使用不规则短语ありません (arimasen)和过去式ありませんでした (arimasen deshita)，而非ないです (nai desu)或なかったです (nakatta desu)。",
"作辅助形容词时，其后接于：イ形容詞的以く (-ku)结尾的連用形 (ren'yōkei)； ナ形容詞的以で (de)结尾的連用形 (ren'yōkei)。 两种情况下，連用形 (ren'yōkei)和ない (nai)之间可插入係助詞，且后者经常使用は (wa)。 では (de wa)可缩约为じゃ (ja)。このパソコンは安(やす)くない。\nKono pasokon wa yasuku nai.\n这个电脑不便宜。 私(わたし)は韓(かん)国(こく)語(ご)は上(じょう)手(ず)ではありません。\nWatashi wa kankokugo wa jōzu de wa arimasen.\n我不太擅长韩语。"
],
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "形容词",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "Supūn ga nai.",
"ruby": [
[
"無",
"な"
]
],
"text": "スプーンが無い。",
"translation": "没有勺子。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"無い：没有，无"
],
"id": "zh-ない-ja-adj-KiSYTHQE"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
28,
31
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
14
]
],
"roman": "Kaigan made hyaku mētoru to nai",
"ruby": [
[
"海",
"かい"
],
[
"岸",
"がん"
],
[
"100",
"ひゃく"
]
],
"text": "海岸まで100メートルとない",
"translation": "离海岸不到100米"
}
],
"glosses": [
"不到，没有"
],
"id": "zh-ない-ja-adj-sM2Xwgqq"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
4
]
],
"roman": "Watashi wa nai mono to kangaete kudasai",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"亡",
"な"
],
[
"者",
"もの"
],
[
"考",
"かんが"
]
],
"text": "私は亡い者と考えてください",
"translation": "就当我死了吧"
}
],
"glosses": [
"亡い： 死亡，去世"
],
"id": "zh-ない-ja-adj-5PkTi0dC",
"raw_tags": [
"引申义"
]
}
],
"word": "ない"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語平假名",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語後綴",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "日語詞元",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有國際音標的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有詞條的頁面",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_text": "首个引文见于室町时代晚期，为一个东部方言用词。\n有几个理论：\n* 源自古东部方言否定词尾なふ (nafu)，但nafu的消失到nai的出现之间的时间断层很大。而且，nafu作动词活用，但nai却作形容词活用。\n:但是，两者可能最终都源自古典系动词或状态动词ぬ (nu)，否定词义可能是源自该词尾所后接的动词词干的未然形 (mizenkei)。\n* 源自形容词ない（词源 2）。助词nai的活用在现代日语中同其他规则イ形容詞。但是以前，该助词和形容词的活用形并不相同。在江户时代，该助词的活用不规则，比如现代的过去时なかった (nakatta)曾为なんだ (nanda)，条件式なければ (nakereba)曾为ないければ (naikereba)。\n* 派生自否定后缀ぬ (nu)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"イ形 (連用形"
],
"roman": "-naku"
},
{
"form": "なかろ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakaro",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なけれ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakere",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "なかれ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakare",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "なくない",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體否定"
],
"roman": "naku nai",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかった",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體過去"
],
"roman": "nakatta",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくなかった",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體過去否定"
],
"roman": "naku nakatta",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "ないです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體"
],
"roman": "nai desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくないです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體否定"
],
"roman": "naku nai desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかったです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體過去"
],
"roman": "nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくなかったです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體過去否定"
],
"roman": "naku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくて",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"連接形"
],
"roman": "nakute",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なければ",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形"
],
"roman": "nakereba",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "なかったら",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"暫定形"
],
"roman": "nakattara",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかろう",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"推量形"
],
"roman": "nakarō",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なさ",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"程度形"
],
"roman": "nasa",
"source": "inflection table"
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"ない的活用词形\n（部分音调zh-hans:信息; zh-hant:資訊出自在线日语音调词典。）",
"后接于动词的未然形 (mizenkei)。五段活用 (godan katsuyō，部分教科书叫做“第一类动词”)动词的未然形以-a音结尾ない (-nai)不与ある (aru，“有，存在”)连用。现代日语中ある (aru)的否定形就是形容词ない (nai)，而不是*あらない (aranai)。然而，有其他否定意义的后缀确实能与ある (aru)连用，比如あらず (arazu)、あらぬ (aranu)、あらん (aran)、あらへん (arahen)。",
"该词在形态学上属于屈折后缀，在传统日语语法中叫做助動詞 (jodōshi)。",
"一般地，推荐使用ません (masen)和过去式ませんでした (masen deshita)作为正式否定后缀。ないです (nai desu)和なかったです (nakatta desu)没有那么正式，且部分保守日语使用者认为这种用法不正确。ない和です 不应连用的说法可能是因为ない的起源实为动词。参照词源。",
"助动词nai和形容词無い (nai)在现代用法中已经非常相近。部分日语使用者仍保留的一个差异是，当后接そう (sō，“像...”)或すぎる (sugiru，“太...，过于...”)时：作形容词的ない + そう或すぎる → なさそう和なさすぎる 作助动词的ない + そう或すぎる → なそう和なすぎる 由于这种同化依然在发生。部分使用者甚至会对助动词使用中缀さ。在正式语境中官方不推荐使用，可能会被当作俚语甚至语法错误。"
],
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "后缀",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "有使用例的日語詞",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"roman": "Gakkō ni ikanai.",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"がっ"
],
[
"校",
"こう"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "学校に行かない。",
"translation": "不去学校"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"roman": "Kashite kurenai ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"貸",
"か"
]
],
"text": "貸してくれないか。",
"translation": "能不能借一下？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"不 （构成动词的否定形式）"
],
"id": "zh-ない-ja-suffix-Jr1UzNYv"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠i]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"罕用、古旧"
],
"roman": "nu",
"word": "ぬ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"非常不正式，或古旧，或方言"
],
"roman": "n",
"word": "ん"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"关西方言"
],
"roman": "hen",
"word": "へん"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "ない"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語平假名",
"日語後綴",
"日語詞元",
"有1個詞條的頁面",
"有詞條的頁面",
"派生自上古日語的日語詞"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "abunai",
"ruby": [
[
"危",
"あぶ"
]
],
"word": "危ない"
},
{
"roman": "itokenai",
"ruby": [
[
"幼",
"いと"
]
],
"word": "幼けない"
},
{
"roman": "itokenai",
"ruby": [
[
"稚",
"いとけな"
]
],
"word": "稚い"
},
{
"roman": "gikochinai",
"word": "ぎこちない"
},
{
"roman": "setsunai",
"ruby": [
[
"切",
"せつ"
]
],
"word": "切ない"
},
{
"roman": "hashitanai",
"word": "はしたない"
},
{
"roman": "sewashinai",
"ruby": [
[
"忙",
"せわ"
]
],
"word": "忙しない"
}
],
"etymology_text": "源自上古日語。形容词化后缀可能最终源自古旧系动词和状态动词ぬ (nu)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "后缀",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
8
],
[
15,
18
],
[
27,
30
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
3
],
[
6,
8
],
[
12,
14
]
],
"roman": "setsunai, itokenai, gikochinai",
"ruby": [
[
"切",
"せつ"
],
[
"幼",
"いと"
]
],
"text": "切ない、幼けない、ぎこちない",
"translation": "悲伤，天真幼稚，笨手笨脚"
}
],
"glosses": [
"（后接于部分词构成イ形容詞，表示拥有某种特质）"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "nē",
"word": "ねえ"
},
{
"roman": "nē",
"word": "ねー"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "ない"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語イ形容詞",
"日語平假名",
"日語形容詞",
"日語詞元",
"有1個詞條的頁面",
"有詞條的頁面"
],
"etymology_text": "源自中古日語形容詞無し (nashi)的連体形 (rentaikei)，其中的 /-k-/音脫落。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"イ形 (連用形"
],
"roman": "naku"
},
{
"form": "なかろ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakaro",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なけれ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakere",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "なかれ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakare",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "なくない",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體否定"
],
"roman": "naku nai",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかった",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體過去"
],
"roman": "nakatta",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくなかった",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體過去否定"
],
"roman": "naku nakatta",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "ないです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體"
],
"roman": "nai desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくないです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體否定"
],
"roman": "naku nai desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかったです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體過去"
],
"roman": "nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくなかったです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體過去否定"
],
"roman": "naku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくて",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"連接形"
],
"roman": "nakute",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なければ",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形"
],
"roman": "nakereba",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "なかったら",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"暫定形"
],
"roman": "nakattara",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかろう",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"推量形"
],
"roman": "nakarō",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なさ",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"程度形"
],
"roman": "nasa",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なく^([1])",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "なから^([2])",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "nakara",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "なく^([1])",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なかり^([2])",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "nakari",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なし",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "nasi",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"terminal"
]
},
{
"form": "なき",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "naki",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "なかる",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "nakaru",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "なけれ",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態",
"已然形"
],
"roman": "nakere",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかれ",
"raw_tags": [
"語幹形態"
],
"roman": "nakare",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "なからず",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式"
],
"roman": "nakarazu",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "なけれど",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"對比連接詞"
],
"roman": "nakeredo",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なければ",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"因果連接詞"
],
"roman": "nakereba",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくば",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"條件連接詞"
],
"roman": "nakuba",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかりき",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"過去式 (第一手消息)"
],
"roman": "nakariki",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかりけり",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"過去式 (第二手消息)"
],
"roman": "nakarikeri",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"關鍵構式",
"副詞"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table"
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"本詞通常使用平假名表記。",
"在公开演讲或书面语言中，推荐使用不规则短语ありません (arimasen)和过去式ありませんでした (arimasen deshita)，而非ないです (nai desu)或なかったです (nakatta desu)。",
"作辅助形容词时，其后接于：イ形容詞的以く (-ku)结尾的連用形 (ren'yōkei)； ナ形容詞的以で (de)结尾的連用形 (ren'yōkei)。 两种情况下，連用形 (ren'yōkei)和ない (nai)之间可插入係助詞，且后者经常使用は (wa)。 では (de wa)可缩约为じゃ (ja)。このパソコンは安(やす)くない。\nKono pasokon wa yasuku nai.\n这个电脑不便宜。 私(わたし)は韓(かん)国(こく)語(ご)は上(じょう)手(ず)ではありません。\nWatashi wa kankokugo wa jōzu de wa arimasen.\n我不太擅长韩语。"
],
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "形容词",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"roman": "Supūn ga nai.",
"ruby": [
[
"無",
"な"
]
],
"text": "スプーンが無い。",
"translation": "没有勺子。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"無い：没有，无"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
28,
31
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
14
]
],
"roman": "Kaigan made hyaku mētoru to nai",
"ruby": [
[
"海",
"かい"
],
[
"岸",
"がん"
],
[
"100",
"ひゃく"
]
],
"text": "海岸まで100メートルとない",
"translation": "离海岸不到100米"
}
],
"glosses": [
"不到，没有"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
4
]
],
"roman": "Watashi wa nai mono to kangaete kudasai",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"亡",
"な"
],
[
"者",
"もの"
],
[
"考",
"かんが"
]
],
"text": "私は亡い者と考えてください",
"translation": "就当我死了吧"
}
],
"glosses": [
"亡い： 死亡，去世"
],
"raw_tags": [
"引申义"
]
}
],
"word": "ない"
}
{
"categories": [
"日語平假名",
"日語後綴",
"日語詞元",
"有1個詞條的頁面",
"有國際音標的日語詞",
"有詞條的頁面"
],
"etymology_text": "首个引文见于室町时代晚期，为一个东部方言用词。\n有几个理论：\n* 源自古东部方言否定词尾なふ (nafu)，但nafu的消失到nai的出现之间的时间断层很大。而且，nafu作动词活用，但nai却作形容词活用。\n:但是，两者可能最终都源自古典系动词或状态动词ぬ (nu)，否定词义可能是源自该词尾所后接的动词词干的未然形 (mizenkei)。\n* 源自形容词ない（词源 2）。助词nai的活用在现代日语中同其他规则イ形容詞。但是以前，该助词和形容词的活用形并不相同。在江户时代，该助词的活用不规则，比如现代的过去时なかった (nakatta)曾为なんだ (nanda)，条件式なければ (nakereba)曾为ないければ (naikereba)。\n* 派生自否定后缀ぬ (nu)。",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-nai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"イ形 (連用形"
],
"roman": "-naku"
},
{
"form": "なかろ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakaro",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なけれ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakere",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "なかれ",
"raw_tags": [
"基本形"
],
"roman": "nakare",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "なくない",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體否定"
],
"roman": "naku nai",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかった",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體過去"
],
"roman": "nakatta",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくなかった",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"簡體過去否定"
],
"roman": "naku nakatta",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "ないです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體"
],
"roman": "nai desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくないです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體否定"
],
"roman": "naku nai desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかったです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體過去"
],
"roman": "nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくなかったです",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"敬體過去否定"
],
"roman": "naku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なくて",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"連接形"
],
"roman": "nakute",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なければ",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形"
],
"roman": "nakereba",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "なかったら",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"暫定形"
],
"roman": "nakattara",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なかろう",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"推量形"
],
"roman": "nakarō",
"source": "inflection table"
},
{
"form": "なく",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形"
],
"roman": "naku",
"source": "inflection table",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "なさ",
"raw_tags": [
"主要活用形",
"程度形"
],
"roman": "nasa",
"source": "inflection table"
}
],
"lang": "日语",
"lang_code": "ja",
"notes": [
"ない的活用词形\n（部分音调zh-hans:信息; zh-hant:資訊出自在线日语音调词典。）",
"后接于动词的未然形 (mizenkei)。五段活用 (godan katsuyō，部分教科书叫做“第一类动词”)动词的未然形以-a音结尾ない (-nai)不与ある (aru，“有，存在”)连用。现代日语中ある (aru)的否定形就是形容词ない (nai)，而不是*あらない (aranai)。然而，有其他否定意义的后缀确实能与ある (aru)连用，比如あらず (arazu)、あらぬ (aranu)、あらん (aran)、あらへん (arahen)。",
"该词在形态学上属于屈折后缀，在传统日语语法中叫做助動詞 (jodōshi)。",
"一般地，推荐使用ません (masen)和过去式ませんでした (masen deshita)作为正式否定后缀。ないです (nai desu)和なかったです (nakatta desu)没有那么正式，且部分保守日语使用者认为这种用法不正确。ない和です 不应连用的说法可能是因为ない的起源实为动词。参照词源。",
"助动词nai和形容词無い (nai)在现代用法中已经非常相近。部分日语使用者仍保留的一个差异是，当后接そう (sō，“像...”)或すぎる (sugiru，“太...，过于...”)时：作形容词的ない + そう或すぎる → なさそう和なさすぎる 作助动词的ない + そう或すぎる → なそう和なすぎる 由于这种同化依然在发生。部分使用者甚至会对助动词使用中缀さ。在正式语境中官方不推荐使用，可能会被当作俚语甚至语法错误。"
],
"pos": "suffix",
"pos_title": "后缀",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"有使用例的日語詞"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"roman": "Gakkō ni ikanai.",
"ruby": [
[
"学",
"がっ"
],
[
"校",
"こう"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "学校に行かない。",
"translation": "不去学校"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"roman": "Kashite kurenai ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"貸",
"か"
]
],
"text": "貸してくれないか。",
"translation": "能不能借一下？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"不 （构成动词的否定形式）"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[na̠i]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"罕用、古旧"
],
"roman": "nu",
"word": "ぬ"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"非常不正式，或古旧，或方言"
],
"roman": "n",
"word": "ん"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"关西方言"
],
"roman": "hen",
"word": "へん"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "ない"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ない meaning in 日语 (13.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 日语 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.