See lud in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polski (indeks)",
"orig": "polski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"prasł. *ljudъ < praindoeur. *h₁lewdʰ-"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ludu",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludowi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludem",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludu",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludu",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludów",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludowi",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludom",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludem",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludami",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludach",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludu",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "wędrówki ludów"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"masculine"
],
"word": "człowiek"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ludzkość"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ludność"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine",
"animate"
],
"word": "ludek"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine",
"animate"
],
"word": "ludzik"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ludowiec"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ludowość"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ludek"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas.",
"dk."
],
"word": "zaludnić"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"dk."
],
"word": "przeludnić"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"dk."
],
"word": "wyludnić"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ludowy"
},
{
"word": "ludny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "ludowo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Głos ludu żądał zmian."
}
],
"glosses": [
"warstwa społeczeństwa, której członkowie pracują fizycznie"
],
"id": "pl-lud-pl-noun-nnWF7qK6",
"sense_index": "1.1"
},
{
"glosses": [
"ludność wiejska"
],
"id": "pl-lud-pl-noun-zWKODuWP",
"raw_tags": [
"daw."
],
"sense_index": "1.2"
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Kamienne figurki mogą być obiektami kultu wśród ludów prymitywnych."
},
{
"ref": "Diuna: Część druga - Oficjalny zwiastun #2 PL",
"text": "Walczę dla mego ludu."
},
{
"ref": "AQUAMAN I ZAGINIONE KRÓLESTWO. Zwiastun",
"text": "Arthur, nasz lud potrzebuje króla, nie wojownika."
}
],
"glosses": [
"zbiorowość ludzi o wspólnym języku i kulturze, niebędąca narodem"
],
"id": "pl-lud-pl-noun-PEpG5QO7",
"sense_index": "1.3"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Pl-lud.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Pl-lud.ogg/Pl-lud.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-lud.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "lut"
},
{
"ipa": "lut",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-lud.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-lud.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-lud.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-lud.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-lud.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-lud.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "folk"
},
{
"lang": "baskijski",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "herri"
},
{
"lang": "baskijski",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "populu"
},
{
"lang": "czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lid"
},
{
"lang": "esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "popolo"
},
{
"lang": "francuski",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peuple"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pueblo"
},
{
"lang": "łaciński",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "populus"
},
{
"lang": "niderlandzki",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "volk"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "люд"
},
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "people"
},
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "nation"
},
{
"lang": "arabski",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "šaʿb",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شعب"
},
{
"lang": "czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lid"
},
{
"lang": "duński",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "folk"
},
{
"lang": "esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "popolo"
},
{
"lang": "jaćwieski",
"lang_code": "xsv",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "taud"
},
{
"lang": "japoński",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "民族"
},
{
"lang": "japoński",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "みんぞく"
},
{
"lang": "kazachski",
"lang_code": "kk",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "халық"
},
{
"lang": "kazachski",
"lang_code": "kk",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "ел"
},
{
"lang": "łaciński",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "populus"
},
{
"lang": "łaciński",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gens"
},
{
"lang": "niderlandzki",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "volk"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Volk"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "народ"
},
{
"lang": "turecki",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "halk"
},
{
"lang": "wolof",
"lang_code": "wo",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "askan"
},
{
"lang": "czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1.2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lid"
}
],
"word": "lud"
}
{
"categories": [
"polski (indeks)"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"prasł. *ljudъ < praindoeur. *h₁lewdʰ-"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ludu",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludowi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludem",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludu",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludu",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludów",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludowi",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludom",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludem",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludami",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludach",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ludu",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludzie",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ludy",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "wędrówki ludów"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"masculine"
],
"word": "człowiek"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ludzkość"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ludność"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine",
"animate"
],
"word": "ludek"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine",
"animate"
],
"word": "ludzik"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ludowiec"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ludowość"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ludek"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas.",
"dk."
],
"word": "zaludnić"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"dk."
],
"word": "przeludnić"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"dk."
],
"word": "wyludnić"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ludowy"
},
{
"word": "ludny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "ludowo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Głos ludu żądał zmian."
}
],
"glosses": [
"warstwa społeczeństwa, której członkowie pracują fizycznie"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
},
{
"glosses": [
"ludność wiejska"
],
"raw_tags": [
"daw."
],
"sense_index": "1.2"
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Kamienne figurki mogą być obiektami kultu wśród ludów prymitywnych."
},
{
"ref": "Diuna: Część druga - Oficjalny zwiastun #2 PL",
"text": "Walczę dla mego ludu."
},
{
"ref": "AQUAMAN I ZAGINIONE KRÓLESTWO. Zwiastun",
"text": "Arthur, nasz lud potrzebuje króla, nie wojownika."
}
],
"glosses": [
"zbiorowość ludzi o wspólnym języku i kulturze, niebędąca narodem"
],
"sense_index": "1.3"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Pl-lud.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Pl-lud.ogg/Pl-lud.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-lud.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "lut"
},
{
"ipa": "lut",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-lud.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-lud.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-lud.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-lud.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Olaf-lud.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-lud.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "folk"
},
{
"lang": "baskijski",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "herri"
},
{
"lang": "baskijski",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "populu"
},
{
"lang": "czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lid"
},
{
"lang": "esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "popolo"
},
{
"lang": "francuski",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peuple"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pueblo"
},
{
"lang": "łaciński",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "populus"
},
{
"lang": "niderlandzki",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "volk"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "люд"
},
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "people"
},
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "nation"
},
{
"lang": "arabski",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "šaʿb",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شعب"
},
{
"lang": "czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lid"
},
{
"lang": "duński",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "folk"
},
{
"lang": "esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "popolo"
},
{
"lang": "jaćwieski",
"lang_code": "xsv",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "taud"
},
{
"lang": "japoński",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "民族"
},
{
"lang": "japoński",
"lang_code": "ja",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "みんぞく"
},
{
"lang": "kazachski",
"lang_code": "kk",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "халық"
},
{
"lang": "kazachski",
"lang_code": "kk",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "ел"
},
{
"lang": "łaciński",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "populus"
},
{
"lang": "łaciński",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gens"
},
{
"lang": "niderlandzki",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "volk"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Volk"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "народ"
},
{
"lang": "turecki",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "halk"
},
{
"lang": "wolof",
"lang_code": "wo",
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "askan"
},
{
"lang": "czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1.2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lid"
}
],
"word": "lud"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lud meaning in język polski (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable język polski dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-30 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.