See referendum on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polski (indeks)",
"orig": "polski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"łac. referre"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "referenda",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendów",
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"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendom",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referenda",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendami",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendach",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referenda",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "głosowanie"
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "referendum lokalne"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "głosować w referendum"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "frekwencja w referendum"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "ważność referendum"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "referendalny"
},
{
"word": "referendowy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
28
]
],
"text": "Prezydent ogłosił referendum w sprawie przyjęcia konstytucji."
}
],
"glosses": [
"głosowanie, którego celem jest rozstrzygnięcie jakiejś kwestii przez ogół obywateli kraju, regionu lub gminy"
],
"id": "pl-referendum-pl-noun-6EujGsF2",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"political-science"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "ˌrɛfɛˈrɛ̃ndũm"
},
{
"ipa": "referẽndũm",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
},
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "plebiscyt"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "plebiscite"
},
{
"lang": "baskijski",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "erreferendum"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рэферэндум"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski (taraszkiewica)",
"lang_code": "be-tarask",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рэфэрэндум"
},
{
"lang": "bułgarski",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"lang": "czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "duński",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "folkeafstemning"
},
{
"lang": "duński",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "francuski",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "référendum"
},
{
"lang": "francuski",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referéndum"
},
{
"lang": "interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "islandzki",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þjóðaratkvæði"
},
{
"lang": "kataloński",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referèndum"
},
{
"lang": "łotewski",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendums"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Referendum"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Volksentscheid"
},
{
"lang": "nowogrecki",
"lang_code": "el",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δημοψήφισμα"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"lang": "słowacki",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "szwedzki",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "folkomröstning"
},
{
"lang": "szwedzki",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"lang": "węgierski",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "népszavazás"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Angielski (indeks)",
"orig": "angielski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"lang": "język angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
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"senses": [
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "pl-referendum-en-noun-z1fS0mPw",
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}
],
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{
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{
"categories": [
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"orig": "czeski (indeks)",
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},
{
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"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "referend",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "referendům",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referenda",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "referenda",
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "referendu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "referendech",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendem",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "referendy",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "język czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "referendový"
}
],
"senses": [
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "pl-referendum-cs-noun-z1fS0mPw",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
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]
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua (indeks)",
"orig": "interlingua (indeks)",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"lang": "interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
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"glosses": [
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"id": "pl-referendum-ia-noun-z1fS0mPw",
"sense_index": "1.1"
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],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Język ladyński",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ladyński (indeks)",
"orig": "ladyński (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "język ladyński",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
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"glosses": [
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"id": "pl-referendum-lld-noun-z1fS0mPw",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
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]
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Niderlandzki (indeks)",
"orig": "niderlandzki (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "język niderlandzki",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
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"glosses": [
"referendum"
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"id": "pl-referendum-nl-noun-z1fS0mPw",
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{
"categories": [
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"orig": "norweski (bokmål) (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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"lang": "język norweski (bokmål)",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
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"orig": "rumuński (indeks)",
"parents": [],
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],
"lang": "język rumuński",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
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}
{
"categories": [
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"orig": "słowacki (indeks)",
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"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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}
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"lang_code": "sv",
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"senses": [
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"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "referend",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "referendům",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referenda",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referenda",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "referendech",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendem",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "referendy",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "język czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "referendový"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"referendum"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"political-science"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Język ladyński",
"ladyński (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język ladyński",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"referendum"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"political-science"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
"niderlandzki (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język niderlandzki",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"referendum"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"political-science"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-referendum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/Nl-referendum.ogg/Nl-referendum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nl-referendum.ogg"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
"norweski (bokmål) (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język norweski (bokmål)",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"referendum"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"political-science"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q9043 (nor)-Telaneo-referendum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q9043_(nor)-Telaneo-referendum.wav/LL-Q9043_(nor)-Telaneo-referendum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q9043_(nor)-Telaneo-referendum.wav/LL-Q9043_(nor)-Telaneo-referendum.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9043 (nor)-Telaneo-referendum.wav"
}
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
"norweski (nynorsk) (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język norweski (nynorsk)",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"referendum"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"political-science"
]
}
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
"polski (indeks)"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"łac. referre"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "referenda",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendów",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendom",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referenda",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendami",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendach",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referenda",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "głosowanie"
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "referendum lokalne"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "głosować w referendum"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "frekwencja w referendum"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "ważność referendum"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "referendalny"
},
{
"word": "referendowy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
28
]
],
"text": "Prezydent ogłosił referendum w sprawie przyjęcia konstytucji."
}
],
"glosses": [
"głosowanie, którego celem jest rozstrzygnięcie jakiejś kwestii przez ogół obywateli kraju, regionu lub gminy"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"political-science"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "ˌrɛfɛˈrɛ̃ndũm"
},
{
"ipa": "referẽndũm",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-referendum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-referendum.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-referendum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-referendum.wav/LL-Q809_(pol)-Poemat-referendum.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-referendum.wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "plebiscyt"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "plebiscite"
},
{
"lang": "baskijski",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "erreferendum"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рэферэндум"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski (taraszkiewica)",
"lang_code": "be-tarask",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рэфэрэндум"
},
{
"lang": "bułgarski",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"lang": "czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "duński",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "folkeafstemning"
},
{
"lang": "duński",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "francuski",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "référendum"
},
{
"lang": "francuski",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referéndum"
},
{
"lang": "interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "islandzki",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þjóðaratkvæði"
},
{
"lang": "kataloński",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referèndum"
},
{
"lang": "łotewski",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendums"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Referendum"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Volksentscheid"
},
{
"lang": "nowogrecki",
"lang_code": "el",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δημοψήφισμα"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"lang": "słowacki",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "szwedzki",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "folkomröstning"
},
{
"lang": "szwedzki",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"lang": "węgierski",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "népszavazás"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
"rumuński (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język rumuński",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"referendum"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"political-science"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "re.feˈren.dum"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
"szwedzki (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język szwedzki",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cudzysłowy w parametrze „hasło”"
],
"glosses": [
"referendum"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "folkomröstning"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
"słowacki (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język słowacki",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "referendový"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"referendum"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
"włoski (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"referendum"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"political-science"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q652 (ita)-LangPao-referendum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q652_(ita)-LangPao-referendum.wav/LL-Q652_(ita)-LangPao-referendum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q652_(ita)-LangPao-referendum.wav/LL-Q652_(ita)-LangPao-referendum.wav.ogg",
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q652 (ita)-LangPao-referendum.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for referendum meaning in All languages combined (10.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-31 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.