"razem" meaning in All languages combined

See razem on Wiktionary

Adverb [język polski]

IPA: ˈrazɛ̃m, razẽm [Slavic-alphabet] Audio: Pl-razem.ogg
  1. (o wielu elementach, osobach itp.) łącznie, równocześnie, wszyscy / wszystkie
    Sense id: pl-razem-pl-adv-cTag8uQK
  2. od razu Tags: Old-Polish
    Sense id: pl-razem-pl-adv-dFAaN9ZR
  3. zarazem Tags: Old-Polish
    Sense id: pl-razem-pl-adv-aRQwv-kw
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: łącznie, wraz, wspólnie Related terms: robić coś razem, raz [noun, masculine], raz [cardinal] Translations: aaneen (afrykanerski), së bashku (albański), together (angielski), with (angielski), معا (arabski), سويا (arabski), سوية (arabski), разам (białoruski), zajedno (bośniacki), 一块 (yīkuài) (chiński standardowy), 一块儿 (yīkuàir) (chiński standardowy), 一起 (yīqǐ) (chiński standardowy), zajedno (chorwacki), pospolu (czeski), spolu (czeski), společně (czeski), dohromady (czeski), sammen (duński), kune (esperanto), saman (farerski), ensemble (francuski), साथ-साथ (sāth-sāth) (hindi), a la vez (hiszpański), juntamente (hiszpański), juntos (hiszpański), junto con (hiszpański), conjunctemente (interlingua), með (islandzki), ásamt (islandzki), יחדיו (jachdew) (jidysz), 一起 (jat1 hei2) (kantoński), вєдно (karpatorusiński), wespół (kaszubski), juntament (kataloński), бірге (kazachski), бирге (kirgiski), заедно (macedoński), flimkien (maltański), aaneen (niderlandzki), zusammen (niemiecki), μαζί (nowogrecki), insem (piemoncki), вместе (rosyjski), вкупе [obsolete] (rosyjski), împreună (rumuński), zãmma (szwabski), tillsammans (szwedzki), gemensamt (szwedzki), ihop (szwedzki), samman (szwedzki), spolu (słowacki), spoločne (słowacki), skupaj (słoweński), พร้อม (tajski), กัน (tajski), beraber (turecki), beraberce (turecki), birlikte (turecki), разом (ukraiński), mytzoma (wilamowski), együtt (węgierski), insieme (włoski), simitu (łaciński)
Categories (other): Polski (indeks)
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "osobno"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Polski (indeks)",
      "orig": "polski (indeks)",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "pol. raz"
  ],
  "lang": "język polski",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "notes": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "text": "razem z… jest wzmocnieniem zaimka z"
    }
  ],
  "pos": "adv",
  "pos_text": "przysłówek",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "robić coś razem"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "raz"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "cardinal"
      ],
      "word": "raz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Ania i ja chodzimy razem do szkoły."
        },
        {
          "text": "Zapakowałem te książki wszystkie razem do jednego kartonu."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(o wielu elementach, osobach itp.) łącznie, równocześnie, wszyscy / wszystkie"
      ],
      "id": "pl-razem-pl-adv-cTag8uQK",
      "sense_index": "1.1"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "od razu"
      ],
      "id": "pl-razem-pl-adv-dFAaN9ZR",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "Old-Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "zarazem"
      ],
      "id": "pl-razem-pl-adv-aRQwv-kw",
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "tags": [
        "Old-Polish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Pl-razem.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Pl-razem.ogg/Pl-razem.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-razem.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "ˈrazɛ̃m"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "razẽm",
      "tags": [
        "Slavic-alphabet"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "łącznie"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "wraz"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "wspólnie"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "afrykanerski",
      "lang_code": "af",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "aaneen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "albański",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "së bashku"
    },
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "together"
    },
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "with"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "معا"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "سويا"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "سوية"
    },
    {
      "lang": "białoruski",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "разам"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bośniacki",
      "lang_code": "bs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zajedno"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chiński standardowy",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "roman": "yīkuài",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "一块"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chiński standardowy",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "roman": "yīkuàir",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "一块儿"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chiński standardowy",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "roman": "yīqǐ",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "一起"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chorwacki",
      "lang_code": "hr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zajedno"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeski",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "pospolu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeski",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "spolu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeski",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "společně"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeski",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "dohromady"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "sammen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "kune"
    },
    {
      "lang": "farerski",
      "lang_code": "fo",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "saman"
    },
    {
      "lang": "francuski",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "ensemble"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hindi",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "roman": "sāth-sāth",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "साथ-साथ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "a la vez"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "juntamente"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "juntos"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "junto con"
    },
    {
      "lang": "interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "conjunctemente"
    },
    {
      "lang": "islandzki",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "með"
    },
    {
      "lang": "islandzki",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "ásamt"
    },
    {
      "lang": "jidysz",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "roman": "jachdew",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "יחדיו"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kantoński",
      "lang_code": "yue",
      "roman": "jat1 hei2",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "一起"
    },
    {
      "lang": "karpatorusiński",
      "lang_code": "rue",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "вєдно"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kaszubski",
      "lang_code": "csb",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "wespół"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kataloński",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "juntament"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kazachski",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "бірге"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kirgiski",
      "lang_code": "ky",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "бирге"
    },
    {
      "lang": "łaciński",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "simitu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "macedoński",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "заедно"
    },
    {
      "lang": "maltański",
      "lang_code": "mt",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "flimkien"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niderlandzki",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "aaneen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niemiecki",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zusammen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "nowogrecki",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "μαζί"
    },
    {
      "lang": "piemoncki",
      "lang_code": "pms",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "insem"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "вместе"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "вкупе"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rumuński",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "împreună"
    },
    {
      "lang": "słowacki",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "spolu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "słowacki",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "spoločne"
    },
    {
      "lang": "słoweński",
      "lang_code": "sl",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "skupaj"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwabski",
      "lang_code": "gsw",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zãmma"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "tillsammans"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "gemensamt"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "ihop"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "samman"
    },
    {
      "lang": "tajski",
      "lang_code": "th",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "พร้อม"
    },
    {
      "lang": "tajski",
      "lang_code": "th",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "กัน"
    },
    {
      "lang": "turecki",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "beraber"
    },
    {
      "lang": "turecki",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "beraberce"
    },
    {
      "lang": "turecki",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "birlikte"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ukraiński",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "разом"
    },
    {
      "lang": "węgierski",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "együtt"
    },
    {
      "lang": "wilamowski",
      "lang_code": "wym",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "mytzoma"
    },
    {
      "lang": "włoski",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "insieme"
    }
  ],
  "word": "razem"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "osobno"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "polski (indeks)"
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "pol. raz"
  ],
  "lang": "język polski",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "notes": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "text": "razem z… jest wzmocnieniem zaimka z"
    }
  ],
  "pos": "adv",
  "pos_text": "przysłówek",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "robić coś razem"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "raz"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "cardinal"
      ],
      "word": "raz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Ania i ja chodzimy razem do szkoły."
        },
        {
          "text": "Zapakowałem te książki wszystkie razem do jednego kartonu."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(o wielu elementach, osobach itp.) łącznie, równocześnie, wszyscy / wszystkie"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1.1"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "od razu"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "Old-Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "zarazem"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "tags": [
        "Old-Polish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Pl-razem.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Pl-razem.ogg/Pl-razem.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-razem.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "ˈrazɛ̃m"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "razẽm",
      "tags": [
        "Slavic-alphabet"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "łącznie"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "wraz"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "wspólnie"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "afrykanerski",
      "lang_code": "af",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "aaneen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "albański",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "së bashku"
    },
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "together"
    },
    {
      "lang": "angielski",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "with"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "معا"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "سويا"
    },
    {
      "lang": "arabski",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "سوية"
    },
    {
      "lang": "białoruski",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "разам"
    },
    {
      "lang": "bośniacki",
      "lang_code": "bs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zajedno"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chiński standardowy",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "roman": "yīkuài",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "一块"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chiński standardowy",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "roman": "yīkuàir",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "一块儿"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chiński standardowy",
      "lang_code": "zh",
      "roman": "yīqǐ",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "一起"
    },
    {
      "lang": "chorwacki",
      "lang_code": "hr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zajedno"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeski",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "pospolu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeski",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "spolu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeski",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "společně"
    },
    {
      "lang": "czeski",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "dohromady"
    },
    {
      "lang": "duński",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "sammen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "kune"
    },
    {
      "lang": "farerski",
      "lang_code": "fo",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "saman"
    },
    {
      "lang": "francuski",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "ensemble"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hindi",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "roman": "sāth-sāth",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "साथ-साथ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "a la vez"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "juntamente"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "juntos"
    },
    {
      "lang": "hiszpański",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "junto con"
    },
    {
      "lang": "interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "conjunctemente"
    },
    {
      "lang": "islandzki",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "með"
    },
    {
      "lang": "islandzki",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "ásamt"
    },
    {
      "lang": "jidysz",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "roman": "jachdew",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "יחדיו"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kantoński",
      "lang_code": "yue",
      "roman": "jat1 hei2",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "一起"
    },
    {
      "lang": "karpatorusiński",
      "lang_code": "rue",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "вєдно"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kaszubski",
      "lang_code": "csb",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "wespół"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kataloński",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "juntament"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kazachski",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "бірге"
    },
    {
      "lang": "kirgiski",
      "lang_code": "ky",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "бирге"
    },
    {
      "lang": "łaciński",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "simitu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "macedoński",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "заедно"
    },
    {
      "lang": "maltański",
      "lang_code": "mt",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "flimkien"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niderlandzki",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "aaneen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "niemiecki",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zusammen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "nowogrecki",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "μαζί"
    },
    {
      "lang": "piemoncki",
      "lang_code": "pms",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "insem"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "вместе"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rosyjski",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "вкупе"
    },
    {
      "lang": "rumuński",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "împreună"
    },
    {
      "lang": "słowacki",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "spolu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "słowacki",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "spoločne"
    },
    {
      "lang": "słoweński",
      "lang_code": "sl",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "skupaj"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwabski",
      "lang_code": "gsw",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "zãmma"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "tillsammans"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "gemensamt"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "ihop"
    },
    {
      "lang": "szwedzki",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "samman"
    },
    {
      "lang": "tajski",
      "lang_code": "th",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "พร้อม"
    },
    {
      "lang": "tajski",
      "lang_code": "th",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "กัน"
    },
    {
      "lang": "turecki",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "beraber"
    },
    {
      "lang": "turecki",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "beraberce"
    },
    {
      "lang": "turecki",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "birlikte"
    },
    {
      "lang": "ukraiński",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "разом"
    },
    {
      "lang": "węgierski",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "együtt"
    },
    {
      "lang": "wilamowski",
      "lang_code": "wym",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "mytzoma"
    },
    {
      "lang": "włoski",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "insieme"
    }
  ],
  "word": "razem"
}

Download raw JSONL data for razem meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-20 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.