See kruk on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polski (indeks)",
"orig": "polski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1.1) „Kruk” to dźwiękonaśladowcza nazwa, która oddaje krakanie. Dawną formą dzisiejszego wyrazu „krakać” było „krukać”."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "kruka",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "ptak"
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"notes": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"text": "zobacz też: Indeks:Polski - Ptaki"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"proverbs": [
{
"word": "biały kruk"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi oka nie wykole"
},
{
"word": "paść kruki"
},
{
"word": "gniewa kruka czarna wrona, a sam czarny jak i ona"
},
{
"word": "na kogo kruki, na tego i wrony"
},
{
"word": "gdzie ścierwo, tam się kruki gromadzą"
},
{
"word": "od starych kruków młode uczą się krakać"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi brat, lecz zazdrosny swat"
},
{
"word": "lichy to kruk, co zdobycz z rąk wypuszcza"
},
{
"word": "troski obsiadły kogoś jak kruki"
}
],
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk leci"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kracze"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk australijski"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk grubodzioby"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk kusy"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk mały"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk meksykański"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk pustynny"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk somalijski"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk srokaty"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk tasmański"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk wielkodzioby"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk zwyczajny"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kruczę"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonvirile"
],
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruczek"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas.",
"ndk."
],
"word": "krukać"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "kruczy"
},
{
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "kruczo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Na pole bitwy zlatywały się już kruki."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Corvus corax, czarny ptak z rodziny krukowatych, większy od wrony i gawrona, zamieszkujący półkulę północną"
],
"id": "pl-kruk-pl-noun-UUhIkg05",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"ornithology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Pl-kruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Pl-kruk.ogg/Pl-kruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-kruk.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "aleucki",
"lang_code": "ale",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "qalngaq"
},
{
"lang": "aleucki",
"lang_code": "ale",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "qalngaax̂"
},
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "raven"
},
{
"lang": "arabski",
"lang_code": "ar",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "غراب"
},
{
"lang": "baskijski",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "erroi"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крумкач"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "воран"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крук"
},
{
"lang": "bułgarski",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гарван"
},
{
"lang": "chorwacki",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gavran"
},
{
"lang": "czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krkavec"
},
{
"lang": "duński",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "ravn"
},
{
"lang": "dzongkha",
"lang_code": "dz",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "ཨོ་རོག"
},
{
"lang": "esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "korvo"
},
{
"lang": "esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "korako"
},
{
"lang": "fiński",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "korppi"
},
{
"lang": "francuski",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corbeau"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cuervo"
},
{
"lang": "interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "corvo"
},
{
"lang": "islandzki",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrafn"
},
{
"lang": "japoński",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "karasu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "烏"
},
{
"lang": "jidysz",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "woron",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "וואָראָן"
},
{
"lang": "jidysz",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "rob",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ראָב"
},
{
"lang": "kataloński",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corb"
},
{
"lang": "kazachski",
"lang_code": "kk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "құзғын"
},
{
"lang": "litewski",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kranklys"
},
{
"lang": "łaciński",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corvus"
},
{
"lang": "łotewski",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krauklis"
},
{
"lang": "niderlandzki",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raaf"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rabe"
},
{
"lang": "nowogrecki",
"lang_code": "el",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κόρακας"
},
{
"lang": "nowopruski",
"lang_code": "art-prg",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wārnis"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ворон"
},
{
"lang": "rumuński",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corb"
},
{
"lang": "sanskryt",
"lang_code": "sa",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "काक"
},
{
"lang": "słowacki",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krkavec"
},
{
"lang": "szwedzki",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "korp"
},
{
"lang": "turecki",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kuzgun"
},
{
"lang": "tybetański",
"lang_code": "bo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "ཨོ་རོག"
},
{
"lang": "tybetański",
"lang_code": "bo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "ཀ་ཀ"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крук"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ворон"
},
{
"lang": "węgierski",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "holló"
},
{
"lang": "wilamowski",
"lang_code": "wym",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "row"
},
{
"lang": "wilamowski",
"lang_code": "wym",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rōw"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corvo imperiale"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polski (indeks)",
"orig": "polski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1.1) „Kruk” to dźwiękonaśladowcza nazwa, która oddaje krakanie. Dawną formą dzisiejszego wyrazu „krakać” było „krukać”."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "kruka",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"proverbs": [
{
"word": "biały kruk"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi oka nie wykole"
},
{
"word": "paść kruki"
},
{
"word": "gniewa kruka czarna wrona, a sam czarny jak i ona"
},
{
"word": "na kogo kruki, na tego i wrony"
},
{
"word": "gdzie ścierwo, tam się kruki gromadzą"
},
{
"word": "od starych kruków młode uczą się krakać"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi brat, lecz zazdrosny swat"
},
{
"word": "lichy to kruk, co zdobycz z rąk wypuszcza"
},
{
"word": "troski obsiadły kogoś jak kruki"
}
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kruczę"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonvirile"
],
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruczek"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas.",
"ndk."
],
"word": "krukać"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "kruczy"
},
{
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "kruczo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pogrzebacz"
],
"id": "pl-kruk-pl-noun-gY3YIJjc",
"sense_index": "2.1",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"topics": [
"region"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wielkanocne jajo malowane na czarno"
],
"id": "pl-kruk-pl-noun-oZn0I-KI",
"sense_index": "2.2",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"zakrzywienie na końcu drąga"
],
"id": "pl-kruk-pl-noun-ocO4sFm9",
"raw_tags": [
"daw."
],
"sense_index": "2.3",
"tags": [
"metaphoric"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Pl-kruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Pl-kruk.ogg/Pl-kruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-kruk.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "2.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Feuerkrücke"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "2.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Krücke"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polski (indeks)",
"orig": "polski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1.1) „Kruk” to dźwiękonaśladowcza nazwa, która oddaje krakanie. Dawną formą dzisiejszego wyrazu „krakać” było „krukać”."
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"proverbs": [
{
"word": "biały kruk"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi oka nie wykole"
},
{
"word": "paść kruki"
},
{
"word": "gniewa kruka czarna wrona, a sam czarny jak i ona"
},
{
"word": "na kogo kruki, na tego i wrony"
},
{
"word": "gdzie ścierwo, tam się kruki gromadzą"
},
{
"word": "od starych kruków młode uczą się krakać"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi brat, lecz zazdrosny swat"
},
{
"word": "lichy to kruk, co zdobycz z rąk wypuszcza"
},
{
"word": "troski obsiadły kogoś jak kruki"
}
],
"raw_tags": [
"męskoosobowy"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kruczę"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonvirile"
],
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruczek"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas.",
"ndk."
],
"word": "krukać"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "kruczy"
},
{
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "kruczo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dialektyzmy polskie",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dialektyzmy polskie - Warszawa",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gw. (Warszawa) bezrobotny"
],
"id": "pl-kruk-pl-noun-R2T3F1sX",
"sense_index": "3.1"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Pl-kruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Pl-kruk.ogg/Pl-kruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-kruk.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"polski (indeks)"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1.1) „Kruk” to dźwiękonaśladowcza nazwa, która oddaje krakanie. Dawną formą dzisiejszego wyrazu „krakać” było „krukać”."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "kruka",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "ptak"
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"notes": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"text": "zobacz też: Indeks:Polski - Ptaki"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"proverbs": [
{
"word": "biały kruk"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi oka nie wykole"
},
{
"word": "paść kruki"
},
{
"word": "gniewa kruka czarna wrona, a sam czarny jak i ona"
},
{
"word": "na kogo kruki, na tego i wrony"
},
{
"word": "gdzie ścierwo, tam się kruki gromadzą"
},
{
"word": "od starych kruków młode uczą się krakać"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi brat, lecz zazdrosny swat"
},
{
"word": "lichy to kruk, co zdobycz z rąk wypuszcza"
},
{
"word": "troski obsiadły kogoś jak kruki"
}
],
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk leci"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kracze"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk australijski"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk grubodzioby"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk kusy"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk mały"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk meksykański"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk pustynny"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk somalijski"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk srokaty"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk tasmański"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk wielkodzioby"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kruk zwyczajny"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kruczę"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonvirile"
],
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruczek"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas.",
"ndk."
],
"word": "krukać"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "kruczy"
},
{
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "kruczo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Na pole bitwy zlatywały się już kruki."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Corvus corax, czarny ptak z rodziny krukowatych, większy od wrony i gawrona, zamieszkujący półkulę północną"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"ornithology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Pl-kruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Pl-kruk.ogg/Pl-kruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-kruk.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "aleucki",
"lang_code": "ale",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "qalngaq"
},
{
"lang": "aleucki",
"lang_code": "ale",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "qalngaax̂"
},
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "raven"
},
{
"lang": "arabski",
"lang_code": "ar",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "غراب"
},
{
"lang": "baskijski",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "erroi"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крумкач"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "воран"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крук"
},
{
"lang": "bułgarski",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гарван"
},
{
"lang": "chorwacki",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gavran"
},
{
"lang": "czeski",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krkavec"
},
{
"lang": "duński",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "ravn"
},
{
"lang": "dzongkha",
"lang_code": "dz",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "ཨོ་རོག"
},
{
"lang": "esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "korvo"
},
{
"lang": "esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "korako"
},
{
"lang": "fiński",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "korppi"
},
{
"lang": "francuski",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corbeau"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cuervo"
},
{
"lang": "interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "corvo"
},
{
"lang": "islandzki",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrafn"
},
{
"lang": "japoński",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "karasu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "烏"
},
{
"lang": "jidysz",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "woron",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "וואָראָן"
},
{
"lang": "jidysz",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "rob",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ראָב"
},
{
"lang": "kataloński",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corb"
},
{
"lang": "kazachski",
"lang_code": "kk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "құзғын"
},
{
"lang": "litewski",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kranklys"
},
{
"lang": "łaciński",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corvus"
},
{
"lang": "łotewski",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krauklis"
},
{
"lang": "niderlandzki",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raaf"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rabe"
},
{
"lang": "nowogrecki",
"lang_code": "el",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κόρακας"
},
{
"lang": "nowopruski",
"lang_code": "art-prg",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wārnis"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ворон"
},
{
"lang": "rumuński",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corb"
},
{
"lang": "sanskryt",
"lang_code": "sa",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "काक"
},
{
"lang": "słowacki",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krkavec"
},
{
"lang": "szwedzki",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "korp"
},
{
"lang": "turecki",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kuzgun"
},
{
"lang": "tybetański",
"lang_code": "bo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "ཨོ་རོག"
},
{
"lang": "tybetański",
"lang_code": "bo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "ཀ་ཀ"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крук"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ворон"
},
{
"lang": "węgierski",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "holló"
},
{
"lang": "wilamowski",
"lang_code": "wym",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "row"
},
{
"lang": "wilamowski",
"lang_code": "wym",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rōw"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corvo imperiale"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"polski (indeks)"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1.1) „Kruk” to dźwiękonaśladowcza nazwa, która oddaje krakanie. Dawną formą dzisiejszego wyrazu „krakać” było „krukać”."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "kruka",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"sense_index": "2.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"proverbs": [
{
"word": "biały kruk"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi oka nie wykole"
},
{
"word": "paść kruki"
},
{
"word": "gniewa kruka czarna wrona, a sam czarny jak i ona"
},
{
"word": "na kogo kruki, na tego i wrony"
},
{
"word": "gdzie ścierwo, tam się kruki gromadzą"
},
{
"word": "od starych kruków młode uczą się krakać"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi brat, lecz zazdrosny swat"
},
{
"word": "lichy to kruk, co zdobycz z rąk wypuszcza"
},
{
"word": "troski obsiadły kogoś jak kruki"
}
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kruczę"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonvirile"
],
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruczek"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas.",
"ndk."
],
"word": "krukać"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "kruczy"
},
{
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "kruczo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pogrzebacz"
],
"sense_index": "2.1",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"topics": [
"region"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wielkanocne jajo malowane na czarno"
],
"sense_index": "2.2",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"zakrzywienie na końcu drąga"
],
"raw_tags": [
"daw."
],
"sense_index": "2.3",
"tags": [
"metaphoric"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Pl-kruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Pl-kruk.ogg/Pl-kruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-kruk.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "2.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Feuerkrücke"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "2.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Krücke"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"polski (indeks)"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1.1) „Kruk” to dźwiękonaśladowcza nazwa, która oddaje krakanie. Dawną formą dzisiejszego wyrazu „krakać” było „krukać”."
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"proverbs": [
{
"word": "biały kruk"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi oka nie wykole"
},
{
"word": "paść kruki"
},
{
"word": "gniewa kruka czarna wrona, a sam czarny jak i ona"
},
{
"word": "na kogo kruki, na tego i wrony"
},
{
"word": "gdzie ścierwo, tam się kruki gromadzą"
},
{
"word": "od starych kruków młode uczą się krakać"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi brat, lecz zazdrosny swat"
},
{
"word": "lichy to kruk, co zdobycz z rąk wypuszcza"
},
{
"word": "troski obsiadły kogoś jak kruki"
}
],
"raw_tags": [
"męskoosobowy"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kruczę"
},
{
"tags": [
"nonvirile"
],
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruczek"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas.",
"ndk."
],
"word": "krukać"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "kruczy"
},
{
"word": "krukowate"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "kruczo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dialektyzmy polskie",
"Dialektyzmy polskie - Warszawa"
],
"glosses": [
"gw. (Warszawa) bezrobotny"
],
"sense_index": "3.1"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Pl-kruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Pl-kruk.ogg/Pl-kruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-kruk.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk"
},
{
"ipa": "kruk",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kruk meaning in All languages combined (12.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.