See bruk on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polski (indeks)",
"orig": "polski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1.1) niem. Brücke < śdn. brugge → most, ulica",
"(1.2) od (1.1)"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruku",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukiem",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruków",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukom",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukami",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukach",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"notes": [
{
"text": "nie mylić z: druk"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"proverbs": [
{
"word": "wyrzucić na bruk"
},
{
"word": "eksmisja na bruk"
},
{
"word": "znaleźć się na bruku"
},
{
"word": "obijać się po bruku"
},
{
"word": "o czymże dumać na paryskim bruku"
}
],
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "bruk morenowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"masculine",
"inanimate"
],
"word": "brukowiec"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brukarz"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "brukarstwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "brukowanie"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wybrukowanie"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zabrukowanie"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas.",
"ndk."
],
"word": "brukować"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"dk."
],
"word": "wybrukować"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"dk."
],
"word": "zabrukować"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "brukowy"
},
{
"word": "brukarski"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Latarnia przewróciła się i rozbiła się o bruk."
}
],
"glosses": [
"nawierzchnia ulicy lub drogi wyłożona kamieniem naturalnym lub kostką"
],
"id": "pl-bruk-pl-noun-AxFqYpdw",
"sense_index": "1.1"
},
{
"glosses": [
"kamienista pokrywa skorupy ziemskiej wytworzona w warstwach o składzie mieszanym na skutek wypłukania drobniejszych składników osadu"
],
"id": "pl-bruk-pl-noun-jf-ylsUF",
"sense_index": "1.2",
"topics": [
"geology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "bruk"
},
{
"ipa": "bruk",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
},
{
"audio": "Pl-bruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/Pl-bruk.ogg/Pl-bruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-bruk.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kocie łby"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "cobblestone pavement"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брук"
},
{
"lang": "bułgarski",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "паваж"
},
{
"lang": "duński",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "brolægning"
},
{
"lang": "esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "pavimo"
},
{
"lang": "francuski",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pavé"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empedrado"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "adoquinado"
},
{
"lang": "interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "pavimento"
},
{
"lang": "jidysz",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "bruk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ברוק"
},
{
"lang": "kaszubski",
"lang_code": "csb",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flaster"
},
{
"lang": "niderlandzki",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kinderkopje"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pflaster"
},
{
"lang": "nowogrecki",
"lang_code": "el",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "καλντερίμι"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "булыжник"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бруківка"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lastrico"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "selciato"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Szwedzki (indeks)",
"orig": "szwedzki (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"lang": "język szwedzki",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "bruksanvisning"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "åkerbruk"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas."
],
"word": "bruka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"użycie, zastosowanie"
],
"id": "pl-bruk-sv-noun-PzxxZsvK",
"sense_index": "1.1"
},
{
"glosses": [
"zwyczaj"
],
"id": "pl-bruk-sv-noun-iQu4-BNe",
"sense_index": "1.2"
},
{
"glosses": [
"uprawa (ziemi), gospodarowanie, prowadzenie (ogrodu)"
],
"id": "pl-bruk-sv-noun-q5gy2W25",
"sense_index": "1.3"
},
{
"glosses": [
"fabryka, zakład"
],
"id": "pl-bruk-sv-noun-NhJmQRfx",
"sense_index": "1.4"
},
{
"glosses": [
"zaprawa murarska"
],
"id": "pl-bruk-sv-noun-AzU-5sLO",
"sense_index": "1.5"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-bruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Sv-bruk.ogg/Sv-bruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sv-bruk.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "användning"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "sed"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.4",
"word": "fabrik"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"polski (indeks)"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1.1) niem. Brücke < śdn. brugge → most, ulica",
"(1.2) od (1.1)"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruku",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukiem",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruków",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukom",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukami",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukach",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"notes": [
{
"text": "nie mylić z: druk"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"proverbs": [
{
"word": "wyrzucić na bruk"
},
{
"word": "eksmisja na bruk"
},
{
"word": "znaleźć się na bruku"
},
{
"word": "obijać się po bruku"
},
{
"word": "o czymże dumać na paryskim bruku"
}
],
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "bruk morenowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"masculine",
"inanimate"
],
"word": "brukowiec"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brukarz"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "brukarstwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "brukowanie"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wybrukowanie"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zabrukowanie"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas.",
"ndk."
],
"word": "brukować"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"dk."
],
"word": "wybrukować"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"dk."
],
"word": "zabrukować"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "brukowy"
},
{
"word": "brukarski"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Latarnia przewróciła się i rozbiła się o bruk."
}
],
"glosses": [
"nawierzchnia ulicy lub drogi wyłożona kamieniem naturalnym lub kostką"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
},
{
"glosses": [
"kamienista pokrywa skorupy ziemskiej wytworzona w warstwach o składzie mieszanym na skutek wypłukania drobniejszych składników osadu"
],
"sense_index": "1.2",
"topics": [
"geology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "bruk"
},
{
"ipa": "bruk",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
},
{
"audio": "Pl-bruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/Pl-bruk.ogg/Pl-bruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pl-bruk.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kocie łby"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "cobblestone pavement"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брук"
},
{
"lang": "bułgarski",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "паваж"
},
{
"lang": "duński",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"common"
],
"word": "brolægning"
},
{
"lang": "esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "pavimo"
},
{
"lang": "francuski",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pavé"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empedrado"
},
{
"lang": "hiszpański",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "adoquinado"
},
{
"lang": "interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "pavimento"
},
{
"lang": "jidysz",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "bruk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ברוק"
},
{
"lang": "kaszubski",
"lang_code": "csb",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flaster"
},
{
"lang": "niderlandzki",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "kinderkopje"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pflaster"
},
{
"lang": "nowogrecki",
"lang_code": "el",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "καλντερίμι"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "булыжник"
},
{
"lang": "ukraiński",
"lang_code": "uk",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бруківка"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lastrico"
},
{
"lang": "włoski",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "selciato"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"szwedzki (indeks)"
],
"lang": "język szwedzki",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "bruksanvisning"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.3",
"word": "åkerbruk"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"czas."
],
"word": "bruka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"użycie, zastosowanie"
],
"sense_index": "1.1"
},
{
"glosses": [
"zwyczaj"
],
"sense_index": "1.2"
},
{
"glosses": [
"uprawa (ziemi), gospodarowanie, prowadzenie (ogrodu)"
],
"sense_index": "1.3"
},
{
"glosses": [
"fabryka, zakład"
],
"sense_index": "1.4"
},
{
"glosses": [
"zaprawa murarska"
],
"sense_index": "1.5"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-bruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Sv-bruk.ogg/Sv-bruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sv-bruk.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "användning"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "sed"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.4",
"word": "fabrik"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bruk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bruk meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-27 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c7bdf0e and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.