See Perm on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polski (indeks)",
"orig": "polski (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1.1) od (1.2)",
"Miasto założono pod nazwą Perm w 1780 roku. Wcześniej istniała tutaj wieś Jagoszycha lub Jegoszycha (ros. Егошиха), położona nad rzeką o tej samej nazwie. W 1780 Katarzyna II podpisała ukazy tworzące miasto Perm a zarazem powołujące do istnienia gubernię permską, utworzoną na obszarze, który od średniowiecza nazywany był Permem lub Wielkim Permem (ros. Пермь Великая Perm' Wielikaja). Sama władczyni nosiła tytuł księżnej Permu.",
"(1.2) ros. Пермь (Pierm'), ros. Пермь Великая (Pierm' Wielikaja)",
"Pochodzenie nazwy Perm nie jest rozstrzygnięte. W 1730 roku Philip Johan von Strahlenberg zidentyfikował Perm jako Biarmię, legendarny kraj z sag skandynawskich. Oprócz tego wysunięto jeszcze jako propozycje źródłosłowu: fiń. perämaa → tylna strona, kpv. perjema → zabrana ziemia, weps. perämaa → dosł. tylna ziemia, czy wreszcie legendarnego bohatera imieniem Pera. Nazwa Perm pojawia się już w datowanej na 1113 rok „Powieści minionych lat”."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Permu",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permowi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permem",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permów",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permom",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permami",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permach",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"vocative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permią",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permiom",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permiami",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permiach",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"raw_tags": [
"lub",
"nazwa",
"własna"
],
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "Stary Perm"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "Wielki Perm"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"masculine"
],
"word": "perm"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "permski"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"miasto w Federacji Rosyjskiej na Uralu, stolica Kraju Permskiego"
],
"id": "pl-Perm-pl-noun-BGnXwqTS",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"administration",
"geography"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"kraina historyczna w północnej Rosji przeduralskiej, między Peczorą, Wyczegdą i Kamą a Uralem"
],
"id": "pl-Perm-pl-noun-sSvHie8g",
"sense_index": "1.2",
"topics": [
"geography",
"history"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "pɛrm"
},
{
"ipa": "perm",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"history"
],
"word": "Mołotow (1940-1957)"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"topics": [
"history"
],
"word": "Wielki Perm"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"lang": "baskijski",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"lang": "fiński",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"lang": "komi-permiacki",
"lang_code": "koi",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Перем"
},
{
"lang": "komi-zyriański",
"lang_code": "kpv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Перым"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Пермь"
}
],
"word": "Perm"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Niemiecki (indeks)",
"orig": "niemiecki (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Paläozoikum"
}
],
"lang": "język niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"perm"
],
"id": "pl-Perm-de-noun-AXqAtoCs",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"geology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "pɛʁm"
},
{
"audio": "De-Perm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/De-Perm.ogg/De-Perm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De-Perm.ogg"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Perm"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Niemiecki (indeks)",
"orig": "niemiecki (indeks)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "2.1",
"word": "Stadt"
}
],
"lang": "język niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"raw_tags": [
"nazwa",
"własna"
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Perm"
],
"id": "pl-Perm-de-noun-4vGJNMeJ",
"sense_index": "2.1",
"topics": [
"administration",
"geography"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "pɛʁm"
},
{
"audio": "De-Perm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/De-Perm.ogg/De-Perm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De-Perm.ogg"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Perm"
}
{
"categories": [
"niemiecki (indeks)"
],
"holonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Paläozoikum"
}
],
"lang": "język niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"perm"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"geology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "pɛʁm"
},
{
"audio": "De-Perm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/De-Perm.ogg/De-Perm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De-Perm.ogg"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Perm"
}
{
"categories": [
"niemiecki (indeks)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "2.1",
"word": "Stadt"
}
],
"lang": "język niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"raw_tags": [
"nazwa",
"własna"
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Perm"
],
"sense_index": "2.1",
"topics": [
"administration",
"geography"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "pɛʁm"
},
{
"audio": "De-Perm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/De-Perm.ogg/De-Perm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De-Perm.ogg"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Perm"
}
{
"categories": [
"polski (indeks)"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(1.1) od (1.2)",
"Miasto założono pod nazwą Perm w 1780 roku. Wcześniej istniała tutaj wieś Jagoszycha lub Jegoszycha (ros. Егошиха), położona nad rzeką o tej samej nazwie. W 1780 Katarzyna II podpisała ukazy tworzące miasto Perm a zarazem powołujące do istnienia gubernię permską, utworzoną na obszarze, który od średniowiecza nazywany był Permem lub Wielkim Permem (ros. Пермь Великая Perm' Wielikaja). Sama władczyni nosiła tytuł księżnej Permu.",
"(1.2) ros. Пермь (Pierm'), ros. Пермь Великая (Pierm' Wielikaja)",
"Pochodzenie nazwy Perm nie jest rozstrzygnięte. W 1730 roku Philip Johan von Strahlenberg zidentyfikował Perm jako Biarmię, legendarny kraj z sag skandynawskich. Oprócz tego wysunięto jeszcze jako propozycje źródłosłowu: fiń. perämaa → tylna strona, kpv. perjema → zabrana ziemia, weps. perämaa → dosł. tylna ziemia, czy wreszcie legendarnego bohatera imieniem Pera. Nazwa Perm pojawia się już w datowanej na 1113 rok „Powieści minionych lat”."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Permu",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permowi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permem",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permów",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permom",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permami",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permach",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permy",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"vocative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permią",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"vocative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Permie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permi",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permiom",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permiami",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permiach",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Permie",
"sense_index": "1.1-2",
"tags": [
"potential",
"rare",
"vocative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "język polski",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_text": "rzeczownik",
"raw_tags": [
"lub",
"nazwa",
"własna"
],
"related": [
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "Stary Perm"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"word": "Wielki Perm"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"masculine"
],
"word": "perm"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "permski"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"miasto w Federacji Rosyjskiej na Uralu, stolica Kraju Permskiego"
],
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"administration",
"geography"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"kraina historyczna w północnej Rosji przeduralskiej, między Peczorą, Wyczegdą i Kamą a Uralem"
],
"sense_index": "1.2",
"topics": [
"geography",
"history"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "pɛrm"
},
{
"ipa": "perm",
"tags": [
"Slavic-alphabet"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1.1",
"topics": [
"history"
],
"word": "Mołotow (1940-1957)"
},
{
"sense_index": "1.2",
"topics": [
"history"
],
"word": "Wielki Perm"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "angielski",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"lang": "baskijski",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"lang": "białoruski",
"lang_code": "be",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Перм"
},
{
"lang": "fiński",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"lang": "komi-permiacki",
"lang_code": "koi",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Перем"
},
{
"lang": "komi-zyriański",
"lang_code": "kpv",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"word": "Перым"
},
{
"lang": "niemiecki",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Perm"
},
{
"lang": "rosyjski",
"lang_code": "ru",
"sense_index": "1.1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Пермь"
}
],
"word": "Perm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Perm meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the plwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.