See koulak on Wiktionary
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "klouka"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en français issus d’un mot en russe",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en allemand",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en hongrois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en polonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en russe",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en tchèque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dékoulakisation"
},
{
"word": "dékoulakiser"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du russe кулак, koulak (« poing », c’est-à-dire « fermement tenu en la main »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "koulaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de l’histoire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "La collectivisation stalinienne de la propriété privée des koulaks au profit des kolkhozes a entraîné la déportation, l’incarcération voire la mort de cinq millions de paysans, particulièrement en Ukraine."
},
{
"ref": "Staline, cité par Henri Barbusse, Staline : Un monde nouveau vu à travers un homme, chapitre VI, Ernest Flammarion, Paris, 1935, page 259-260",
"text": "Le vieux village avec son église bien en évidence, avec les belles maisons du chef de la police, du pope et du koulak, au premier plan ; et ses isbas à demi écroulées, au plan arrière, ce village-là, commence à disparaître."
},
{
"ref": "Víctor del Árbol, Toutes les vagues de l’océan, Babel Noir, 2014",
"text": "Son corps bascula sur le vieux koulak, qui cessa de jouer, gêné par le visage ensanglanté."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Paysan aisé dans la Russie tsariste et post-tsariste."
],
"id": "fr-koulak-fr-noun-oLFm6MLI",
"topics": [
"history"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ku.lak\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-koulak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-koulak.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-koulak.wav.mp3",
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"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-koulak.wav"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q150_(fra)-LoquaxFR-koulak.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-LoquaxFR-koulak.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-koulak.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-koulak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-koulak.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-koulak.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"Cornimont (France)"
],
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}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kulak"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"lang": "Hongrois",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "kulák"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "kułak"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "kulak"
}
],
"word": "koulak"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "klouka"
}
],
"categories": [
"Lemmes en français",
"Mots en français issus d’un mot en russe",
"Noms communs en français",
"Traductions en allemand",
"Traductions en anglais",
"Traductions en hongrois",
"Traductions en polonais",
"Traductions en russe",
"Traductions en tchèque",
"français"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dékoulakisation"
},
{
"word": "dékoulakiser"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du russe кулак, koulak (« poing », c’est-à-dire « fermement tenu en la main »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "koulaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français",
"Lexique en français de l’histoire"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "La collectivisation stalinienne de la propriété privée des koulaks au profit des kolkhozes a entraîné la déportation, l’incarcération voire la mort de cinq millions de paysans, particulièrement en Ukraine."
},
{
"ref": "Staline, cité par Henri Barbusse, Staline : Un monde nouveau vu à travers un homme, chapitre VI, Ernest Flammarion, Paris, 1935, page 259-260",
"text": "Le vieux village avec son église bien en évidence, avec les belles maisons du chef de la police, du pope et du koulak, au premier plan ; et ses isbas à demi écroulées, au plan arrière, ce village-là, commence à disparaître."
},
{
"ref": "Víctor del Árbol, Toutes les vagues de l’océan, Babel Noir, 2014",
"text": "Son corps bascula sur le vieux koulak, qui cessa de jouer, gêné par le visage ensanglanté."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Paysan aisé dans la Russie tsariste et post-tsariste."
],
"topics": [
"history"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ku.lak\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-koulak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-koulak.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-koulak.wav.mp3",
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"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-koulak.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-koulak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q150_(fra)-LoquaxFR-koulak.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-LoquaxFR-koulak.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/LL-Q150_(fra)-LoquaxFR-koulak.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-LoquaxFR-koulak.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-koulak.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-koulak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-koulak.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-koulak.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-koulak.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-koulak.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Cornimont (France)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-koulak.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Kulak"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"lang": "Hongrois",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "kulák"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "kułak"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "kulak"
}
],
"word": "koulak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for koulak meaning in All languages combined (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-17 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.