Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

saffron/English/noun

2: saffron/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Arabic", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Arabic", "Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "Middle English terms derived from Old French", "Middle English uncountable nouns", "Mycenaean Greek terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Malay translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dargwa translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Mycenaean Greek translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "en:Dyes", "en:Iris family plants", "en:Seasonings", "en:Spices", "en:Yellows", "enm:Medicine", "enm:Plants", "enm:Spices", "enm:Taste", "enm:Yellows"], "derived": [{"alt": "Lyperia crocea", "word": "African saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "American saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Cassine peragua", "word": "bastard saffron"}, {"word": "Cape saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "dyer's saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "false saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Curcuma zedoaria", "word": "Indian saffron"}, {"word": "iron saffron"}, {"word": "meadow-saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Colchicum autumnale", "word": "meadow saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "Persian saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "saffrom crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Arremon flavirostris", "word": "saffron-billed sparrow"}, {"taxonomic": "Eriogonum crocatum", "word": "saffron buckwheat"}, {"taxonomic": "Eleginus gracilis", "word": "saffron cod"}, {"alt": "Xanthospar flavus", "word": "saffron-cowled blackbird"}, {"word": "saffron crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Sicalis flaveola", "word": "saffron finch"}, {"taxonomic": "Pyrilia pyrilia", "word": "saffron-headed parrot"}, {"word": "saffronization"}, {"word": "saffronize"}, {"word": "saffronlike"}, {"word": "saffron milk cap"}, {"taxonomic": "Lactarius deliciosus", "word": "saffron milkcap"}, {"alt": "Bumelia angustifolia", "word": "saffron plum"}, {"word": "saffron shadow dancer"}, {"taxonomic": "Spinus siemiradzkii", "word": "saffron siskin"}, {"taxonomic": "Aphelandra squarrosa", "word": "saffron spike"}, {"word": "saffron terror"}, {"taxonomic": "Pteroglossus bailloni", "word": "saffron toucanet"}, {"taxonomic": "Chrysophyllum monopyrenum", "word": "saffron tree"}, {"word": "Saffron Walden"}, {"taxonomic": "Elaeodendron croceum", "word": "saffron wood"}, {"word": "saffrony"}, {"word": "saffron yellow"}, {"taxonomic": "Rumex acetosella", "word": "sheep saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "thistle saffron"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "サフラン", "bor": "1", "tr": "safuran"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "사프란", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "saffron"}, "expansion": "Middle English saffron", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "safran"}, "expansion": "Old French safran", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "safrānum"}, "expansion": "Medieval Latin safrānum", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "زَعْفَرَان"}, "expansion": "Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).", "forms": [{"form": "saffrons", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "safflower"}, {"word": "safranine"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Song of Songs of Songs-Chapter-4/#13-14 4:13-14:", "text": "Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,\nUsually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C."}], "glosses": ["A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus."], "links": [["Crocus sativus", "Crocus sativus#Translingual"], ["crocus", "crocus"]], "senseid": ["en:plant"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:", "text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,\nThe Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye."}, {"ref": "2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:", "text": "Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:", "text": "Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:", "text": "Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent."], "links": [["spice", "spice"], ["seasoning", "seasoning"], ["stigma", "stigma"], ["style", "style"]], "senseid": ["en:spice"], "synonyms": [{"word": "kesar"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "saffron:"}, {"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 18:", "text": "[…] The stately Ram\nShone thro’ the Mead, in native Purple clad,\nOr milder Saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 7, in Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:", "text": "[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Anthony Powell, Temporary Kings, page 82:", "text": "These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page:", "text": "The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:", "text": "On another occasion, H-pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP's own party colours, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt."], "links": [["orange", "orange"], ["yellow", "yellow"], ["colour", "colour"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "saffron yellow"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈsæfɹən/"}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-saffron.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ˈsæfəɹn/", "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"rhymes": "-æfɹən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "shafran"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "krrokull"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زَعْفَرَان"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "plant", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "plant", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "plant", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "safranera"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fān hóng huā", "sense": "plant", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zànghónghuā", "sense": "plant", "word": "藏紅花 /藏红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "plant", "word": "西紅花 /西红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "dar", "lang": "Dargwa", "roman": "zaʿpiran", "sense": "plant", "word": "загӏпиран"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffraankrokus"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plant", "word": "maustesahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafaran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "plant", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gmy", "lang": "Mycenaean Greek", "roman": "CROC", "sense": "plant", "word": "𐁉"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "plant", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kuṅkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुंकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kumkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुमकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zāfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ज़ाफ़रान"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "plant", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "plant", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "plant", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "rɔɔrɔmiət", "sense": "plant", "word": "រមៀត"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "nyā fan", "sense": "plant", "word": "ຫຍ້າຝັ່ນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranum"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "plant", "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "gürgem", "sense": "plant", "word": "гүргэм"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "plant", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["animate", "masculine"], "word": "krokus"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ẓafarân"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kuṅkuma", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुङ्कुम"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "plant", "word": "mzafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "plant", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "ya faran", "sense": "plant", "word": "หญ้าฝรั่น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "کیسر"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "za'farān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "croco"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "zafran"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "plant", "word": "nghệ tây"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranakrok"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "spice", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "spice", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "spice", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "faan¹ hung⁴ faa¹", "sense": "spice", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "dv", "lang": "Dhivehi", "roman": "kukun̊", "sense": "spice", "word": "ކުކުން"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "spice", "word": "sahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇viteli q̇vavili", "sense": "spice", "word": "ყვითელი ყვავილი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "spice", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "zaforá", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ζαφορά"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "કેસર"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "spice", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "זְעַפְרָן"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "spice", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cróch"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "spice", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "spice", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kumkuma"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "spice", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ਕੇਸਰ"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kesara", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "kuṁkuma", "sense": "spice", "word": "කුංකුම"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "spice", "word": "zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "spice", "word": "asapran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "spice", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "kuṅkumapuvvu", "sense": "spice", "word": "కుంకుమపువ్వు"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "spice", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwm"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwn"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "dye", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "dye", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "dye", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferâni", "sense": "dye", "word": "زعفرانی"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "dye", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "colour", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "jarkožǎlt", "sense": "colour", "word": "яркожълт"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "colour", "word": "藏紅花色 /藏红花色"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "colour", "word": "sahraminkeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zapranis peri", "sense": "colour", "word": "ზაფრანის ფერი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Safranfarbe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Safrangelb"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vathykítrino", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "βαθυκίτρινο"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhagvā", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भगवा"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "colour", "word": "sáfránysárga"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran-iro", "sense": "colour", "word": "サフラン色"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "colour", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "(kolor) szafranowy"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "colour", "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "colour", "word": "rangi ya zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "colour", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "colour", "word": "safranayelov"}], "word": "saffron"}
2: saffron/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Moroccan-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Arabic", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Arabic", "Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "Middle English terms derived from Old French", "Middle English uncountable nouns", "Mycenaean Greek terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Malay translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dargwa translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Mycenaean Greek translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "en:Dyes", "en:Iris family plants", "en:Seasonings", "en:Spices", "en:Yellows", "enm:Medicine", "enm:Plants", "enm:Spices", "enm:Taste", "enm:Yellows"], "derived": [{"alt": "Lyperia crocea", "word": "African saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "American saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Cassine peragua", "word": "bastard saffron"}, {"word": "Cape saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "dyer's saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "false saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Curcuma zedoaria", "word": "Indian saffron"}, {"word": "iron saffron"}, {"word": "meadow-saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Colchicum autumnale", "word": "meadow saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "Persian saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "saffrom crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Arremon flavirostris", "word": "saffron-billed sparrow"}, {"taxonomic": "Eriogonum crocatum", "word": "saffron buckwheat"}, {"taxonomic": "Eleginus gracilis", "word": "saffron cod"}, {"alt": "Xanthospar flavus", "word": "saffron-cowled blackbird"}, {"word": "saffron crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Sicalis flaveola", "word": "saffron finch"}, {"taxonomic": "Pyrilia pyrilia", "word": "saffron-headed parrot"}, {"word": "saffronization"}, {"word": "saffronize"}, {"word": "saffronlike"}, {"word": "saffron milk cap"}, {"taxonomic": "Lactarius deliciosus", "word": "saffron milkcap"}, {"alt": "Bumelia angustifolia", "word": "saffron plum"}, {"word": "saffron shadow dancer"}, {"taxonomic": "Spinus siemiradzkii", "word": "saffron siskin"}, {"taxonomic": "Aphelandra squarrosa", "word": "saffron spike"}, {"word": "saffron terror"}, {"taxonomic": "Pteroglossus bailloni", "word": "saffron toucanet"}, {"taxonomic": "Chrysophyllum monopyrenum", "word": "saffron tree"}, {"word": "Saffron Walden"}, {"taxonomic": "Elaeodendron croceum", "word": "saffron wood"}, {"word": "saffrony"}, {"word": "saffron yellow"}, {"taxonomic": "Rumex acetosella", "word": "sheep saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "thistle saffron"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "サフラン", "bor": "1", "tr": "safuran"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "사프란", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "saffron"}, "expansion": "Middle English saffron", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "safran"}, "expansion": "Old French safran", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "safrānum"}, "expansion": "Medieval Latin safrānum", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "زَعْفَرَان"}, "expansion": "Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).", "forms": [{"form": "saffrons", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "safflower"}, {"word": "safranine"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Song of Songs of Songs-Chapter-4/#13-14 4:13-14:", "text": "Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,\nUsually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C."}], "glosses": ["A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus."], "links": [["Crocus sativus", "Crocus sativus#Translingual"], ["crocus", "crocus"]], "senseid": ["en:plant"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:", "text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,\nThe Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye."}, {"ref": "2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:", "text": "Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:", "text": "Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:", "text": "Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent."], "links": [["spice", "spice"], ["seasoning", "seasoning"], ["stigma", "stigma"], ["style", "style"]], "senseid": ["en:spice"], "synonyms": [{"word": "kesar"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "saffron:"}, {"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 18:", "text": "[…] The stately Ram\nShone thro’ the Mead, in native Purple clad,\nOr milder Saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 7, in Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:", "text": "[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Anthony Powell, Temporary Kings, page 82:", "text": "These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page:", "text": "The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:", "text": "On another occasion, H-pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP's own party colours, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt."], "links": [["orange", "orange"], ["yellow", "yellow"], ["colour", "colour"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "saffron yellow"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈsæfɹən/"}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-saffron.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ˈsæfəɹn/", "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"rhymes": "-æfɹən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "shafran"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "krrokull"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زَعْفَرَان"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "plant", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "plant", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "plant", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "safranera"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fān hóng huā", "sense": "plant", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zànghónghuā", "sense": "plant", "word": "藏紅花 /藏红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "plant", "word": "西紅花 /西红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "dar", "lang": "Dargwa", "roman": "zaʿpiran", "sense": "plant", "word": "загӏпиран"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffraankrokus"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plant", "word": "maustesahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafaran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "plant", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gmy", "lang": "Mycenaean Greek", "roman": "CROC", "sense": "plant", "word": "𐁉"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "plant", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kuṅkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुंकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kumkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुमकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zāfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ज़ाफ़रान"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "plant", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "plant", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "plant", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "rɔɔrɔmiət", "sense": "plant", "word": "រមៀត"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "nyā fan", "sense": "plant", "word": "ຫຍ້າຝັ່ນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranum"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "plant", "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "gürgem", "sense": "plant", "word": "гүргэм"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "plant", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["animate", "masculine"], "word": "krokus"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ẓafarân"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kuṅkuma", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुङ्कुम"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "plant", "word": "mzafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "plant", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "ya faran", "sense": "plant", "word": "หญ้าฝรั่น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "کیسر"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "za'farān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "croco"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "zafran"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "plant", "word": "nghệ tây"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranakrok"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "spice", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "spice", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "spice", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "faan¹ hung⁴ faa¹", "sense": "spice", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "dv", "lang": "Dhivehi", "roman": "kukun̊", "sense": "spice", "word": "ކުކުން"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "spice", "word": "sahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇viteli q̇vavili", "sense": "spice", "word": "ყვითელი ყვავილი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "spice", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "zaforá", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ζαφορά"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "કેસર"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "spice", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "זְעַפְרָן"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "spice", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cróch"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "spice", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "spice", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kumkuma"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "spice", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ਕੇਸਰ"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kesara", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "kuṁkuma", "sense": "spice", "word": "කුංකුම"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "spice", "word": "zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "spice", "word": "asapran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "spice", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "kuṅkumapuvvu", "sense": "spice", "word": "కుంకుమపువ్వు"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "spice", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwm"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwn"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "dye", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "dye", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "dye", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferâni", "sense": "dye", "word": "زعفرانی"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "dye", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "colour", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "jarkožǎlt", "sense": "colour", "word": "яркожълт"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "colour", "word": "藏紅花色 /藏红花色"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "colour", "word": "sahraminkeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zapranis peri", "sense": "colour", "word": "ზაფრანის ფერი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Safranfarbe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Safrangelb"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vathykítrino", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "βαθυκίτρινο"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhagvā", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भगवा"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "colour", "word": "sáfránysárga"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran-iro", "sense": "colour", "word": "サフラン色"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "colour", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "(kolor) szafranowy"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "colour", "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "colour", "word": "rangi ya zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "colour", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "colour", "word": "safranayelov"}], "word": "saffron"}
1: saffron/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Hijazi-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Arabic", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Arabic", "Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "Middle English terms derived from Old French", "Middle English uncountable nouns", "Mycenaean Greek terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Malay translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dargwa translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Mycenaean Greek translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "en:Dyes", "en:Iris family plants", "en:Seasonings", "en:Spices", "en:Yellows", "enm:Medicine", "enm:Plants", "enm:Spices", "enm:Taste", "enm:Yellows"], "derived": [{"alt": "Lyperia crocea", "word": "African saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "American saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Cassine peragua", "word": "bastard saffron"}, {"word": "Cape saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "dyer's saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "false saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Curcuma zedoaria", "word": "Indian saffron"}, {"word": "iron saffron"}, {"word": "meadow-saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Colchicum autumnale", "word": "meadow saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "Persian saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "saffrom crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Arremon flavirostris", "word": "saffron-billed sparrow"}, {"taxonomic": "Eriogonum crocatum", "word": "saffron buckwheat"}, {"taxonomic": "Eleginus gracilis", "word": "saffron cod"}, {"alt": "Xanthospar flavus", "word": "saffron-cowled blackbird"}, {"word": "saffron crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Sicalis flaveola", "word": "saffron finch"}, {"taxonomic": "Pyrilia pyrilia", "word": "saffron-headed parrot"}, {"word": "saffronization"}, {"word": "saffronize"}, {"word": "saffronlike"}, {"word": "saffron milk cap"}, {"taxonomic": "Lactarius deliciosus", "word": "saffron milkcap"}, {"alt": "Bumelia angustifolia", "word": "saffron plum"}, {"word": "saffron shadow dancer"}, {"taxonomic": "Spinus siemiradzkii", "word": "saffron siskin"}, {"taxonomic": "Aphelandra squarrosa", "word": "saffron spike"}, {"word": "saffron terror"}, {"taxonomic": "Pteroglossus bailloni", "word": "saffron toucanet"}, {"taxonomic": "Chrysophyllum monopyrenum", "word": "saffron tree"}, {"word": "Saffron Walden"}, {"taxonomic": "Elaeodendron croceum", "word": "saffron wood"}, {"word": "saffrony"}, {"word": "saffron yellow"}, {"taxonomic": "Rumex acetosella", "word": "sheep saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "thistle saffron"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "サフラン", "bor": "1", "tr": "safuran"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "사프란", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "saffron"}, "expansion": "Middle English saffron", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "safran"}, "expansion": "Old French safran", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "safrānum"}, "expansion": "Medieval Latin safrānum", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "زَعْفَرَان"}, "expansion": "Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).", "forms": [{"form": "saffrons", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "safflower"}, {"word": "safranine"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Song of Songs of Songs-Chapter-4/#13-14 4:13-14:", "text": "Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,\nUsually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C."}], "glosses": ["A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus."], "links": [["Crocus sativus", "Crocus sativus#Translingual"], ["crocus", "crocus"]], "senseid": ["en:plant"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:", "text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,\nThe Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye."}, {"ref": "2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:", "text": "Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:", "text": "Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:", "text": "Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent."], "links": [["spice", "spice"], ["seasoning", "seasoning"], ["stigma", "stigma"], ["style", "style"]], "senseid": ["en:spice"], "synonyms": [{"word": "kesar"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "saffron:"}, {"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 18:", "text": "[…] The stately Ram\nShone thro’ the Mead, in native Purple clad,\nOr milder Saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 7, in Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:", "text": "[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Anthony Powell, Temporary Kings, page 82:", "text": "These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page:", "text": "The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:", "text": "On another occasion, H-pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP's own party colours, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt."], "links": [["orange", "orange"], ["yellow", "yellow"], ["colour", "colour"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "saffron yellow"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈsæfɹən/"}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-saffron.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ˈsæfəɹn/", "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"rhymes": "-æfɹən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "shafran"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "krrokull"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زَعْفَرَان"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "plant", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "plant", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "plant", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "safranera"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fān hóng huā", "sense": "plant", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zànghónghuā", "sense": "plant", "word": "藏紅花 /藏红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "plant", "word": "西紅花 /西红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "dar", "lang": "Dargwa", "roman": "zaʿpiran", "sense": "plant", "word": "загӏпиран"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffraankrokus"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plant", "word": "maustesahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafaran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "plant", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gmy", "lang": "Mycenaean Greek", "roman": "CROC", "sense": "plant", "word": "𐁉"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "plant", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kuṅkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुंकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kumkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुमकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zāfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ज़ाफ़रान"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "plant", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "plant", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "plant", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "rɔɔrɔmiət", "sense": "plant", "word": "រមៀត"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "nyā fan", "sense": "plant", "word": "ຫຍ້າຝັ່ນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranum"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "plant", "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "gürgem", "sense": "plant", "word": "гүргэм"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "plant", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["animate", "masculine"], "word": "krokus"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ẓafarân"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kuṅkuma", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुङ्कुम"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "plant", "word": "mzafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "plant", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "ya faran", "sense": "plant", "word": "หญ้าฝรั่น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "کیسر"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "za'farān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "croco"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "zafran"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "plant", "word": "nghệ tây"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranakrok"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "spice", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "spice", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "spice", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "faan¹ hung⁴ faa¹", "sense": "spice", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "dv", "lang": "Dhivehi", "roman": "kukun̊", "sense": "spice", "word": "ކުކުން"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "spice", "word": "sahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇viteli q̇vavili", "sense": "spice", "word": "ყვითელი ყვავილი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "spice", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "zaforá", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ζαφορά"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "કેસર"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "spice", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "זְעַפְרָן"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "spice", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cróch"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "spice", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "spice", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kumkuma"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "spice", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ਕੇਸਰ"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kesara", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "kuṁkuma", "sense": "spice", "word": "කුංකුම"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "spice", "word": "zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "spice", "word": "asapran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "spice", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "kuṅkumapuvvu", "sense": "spice", "word": "కుంకుమపువ్వు"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "spice", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwm"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwn"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "dye", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "dye", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "dye", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferâni", "sense": "dye", "word": "زعفرانی"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "dye", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "colour", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "jarkožǎlt", "sense": "colour", "word": "яркожълт"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "colour", "word": "藏紅花色 /藏红花色"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "colour", "word": "sahraminkeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zapranis peri", "sense": "colour", "word": "ზაფრანის ფერი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Safranfarbe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Safrangelb"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vathykítrino", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "βαθυκίτρινο"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhagvā", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भगवा"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "colour", "word": "sáfránysárga"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran-iro", "sense": "colour", "word": "サフラン色"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "colour", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "(kolor) szafranowy"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "colour", "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "colour", "word": "rangi ya zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "colour", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "colour", "word": "safranayelov"}], "word": "saffron"}

saffron/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Arabic", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Arabic", "Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "Middle English terms derived from Old French", "Middle English uncountable nouns", "Mycenaean Greek terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Malay translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dargwa translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Mycenaean Greek translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "en:Dyes", "en:Iris family plants", "en:Seasonings", "en:Spices", "en:Yellows", "enm:Medicine", "enm:Plants", "enm:Spices", "enm:Taste", "enm:Yellows"], "derived": [{"alt": "Lyperia crocea", "word": "African saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "American saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Cassine peragua", "word": "bastard saffron"}, {"word": "Cape saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "dyer's saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "false saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Curcuma zedoaria", "word": "Indian saffron"}, {"word": "iron saffron"}, {"word": "meadow-saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Colchicum autumnale", "word": "meadow saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "Persian saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "saffrom crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Arremon flavirostris", "word": "saffron-billed sparrow"}, {"taxonomic": "Eriogonum crocatum", "word": "saffron buckwheat"}, {"taxonomic": "Eleginus gracilis", "word": "saffron cod"}, {"alt": "Xanthospar flavus", "word": "saffron-cowled blackbird"}, {"word": "saffron crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Sicalis flaveola", "word": "saffron finch"}, {"taxonomic": "Pyrilia pyrilia", "word": "saffron-headed parrot"}, {"word": "saffronization"}, {"word": "saffronize"}, {"word": "saffronlike"}, {"word": "saffron milk cap"}, {"taxonomic": "Lactarius deliciosus", "word": "saffron milkcap"}, {"alt": "Bumelia angustifolia", "word": "saffron plum"}, {"word": "saffron shadow dancer"}, {"taxonomic": "Spinus siemiradzkii", "word": "saffron siskin"}, {"taxonomic": "Aphelandra squarrosa", "word": "saffron spike"}, {"word": "saffron terror"}, {"taxonomic": "Pteroglossus bailloni", "word": "saffron toucanet"}, {"taxonomic": "Chrysophyllum monopyrenum", "word": "saffron tree"}, {"word": "Saffron Walden"}, {"taxonomic": "Elaeodendron croceum", "word": "saffron wood"}, {"word": "saffrony"}, {"word": "saffron yellow"}, {"taxonomic": "Rumex acetosella", "word": "sheep saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "thistle saffron"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "サフラン", "bor": "1", "tr": "safuran"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "사프란", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "saffron"}, "expansion": "Middle English saffron", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "safran"}, "expansion": "Old French safran", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "safrānum"}, "expansion": "Medieval Latin safrānum", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "زَعْفَرَان"}, "expansion": "Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).", "forms": [{"form": "saffrons", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "safflower"}, {"word": "safranine"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Song of Songs of Songs-Chapter-4/#13-14 4:13-14:", "text": "Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,\nUsually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C."}], "glosses": ["A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus."], "links": [["Crocus sativus", "Crocus sativus#Translingual"], ["crocus", "crocus"]], "senseid": ["en:plant"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:", "text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,\nThe Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye."}, {"ref": "2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:", "text": "Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:", "text": "Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:", "text": "Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent."], "links": [["spice", "spice"], ["seasoning", "seasoning"], ["stigma", "stigma"], ["style", "style"]], "senseid": ["en:spice"], "synonyms": [{"word": "kesar"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "saffron:"}, {"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 18:", "text": "[…] The stately Ram\nShone thro’ the Mead, in native Purple clad,\nOr milder Saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 7, in Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:", "text": "[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Anthony Powell, Temporary Kings, page 82:", "text": "These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page:", "text": "The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:", "text": "On another occasion, H-pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP's own party colours, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt."], "links": [["orange", "orange"], ["yellow", "yellow"], ["colour", "colour"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "saffron yellow"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈsæfɹən/"}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-saffron.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ˈsæfəɹn/", "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"rhymes": "-æfɹən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "shafran"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "krrokull"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زَعْفَرَان"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "plant", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "plant", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "plant", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "safranera"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fān hóng huā", "sense": "plant", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zànghónghuā", "sense": "plant", "word": "藏紅花 /藏红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "plant", "word": "西紅花 /西红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "dar", "lang": "Dargwa", "roman": "zaʿpiran", "sense": "plant", "word": "загӏпиран"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffraankrokus"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plant", "word": "maustesahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafaran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "plant", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gmy", "lang": "Mycenaean Greek", "roman": "CROC", "sense": "plant", "word": "𐁉"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "plant", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kuṅkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुंकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kumkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुमकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zāfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ज़ाफ़रान"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "plant", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "plant", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "plant", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "rɔɔrɔmiət", "sense": "plant", "word": "រមៀត"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "nyā fan", "sense": "plant", "word": "ຫຍ້າຝັ່ນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranum"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "plant", "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "gürgem", "sense": "plant", "word": "гүргэм"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "plant", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["animate", "masculine"], "word": "krokus"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ẓafarân"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kuṅkuma", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुङ्कुम"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "plant", "word": "mzafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "plant", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "ya faran", "sense": "plant", "word": "หญ้าฝรั่น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "کیسر"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "za'farān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "croco"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "zafran"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "plant", "word": "nghệ tây"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranakrok"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "spice", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "spice", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "spice", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "faan¹ hung⁴ faa¹", "sense": "spice", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "dv", "lang": "Dhivehi", "roman": "kukun̊", "sense": "spice", "word": "ކުކުން"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "spice", "word": "sahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇viteli q̇vavili", "sense": "spice", "word": "ყვითელი ყვავილი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "spice", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "zaforá", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ζαφορά"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "કેસર"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "spice", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "זְעַפְרָן"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "spice", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cróch"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "spice", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "spice", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kumkuma"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "spice", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ਕੇਸਰ"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kesara", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "kuṁkuma", "sense": "spice", "word": "කුංකුම"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "spice", "word": "zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "spice", "word": "asapran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "spice", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "kuṅkumapuvvu", "sense": "spice", "word": "కుంకుమపువ్వు"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "spice", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwm"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwn"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "dye", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "dye", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "dye", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferâni", "sense": "dye", "word": "زعفرانی"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "dye", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "colour", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "jarkožǎlt", "sense": "colour", "word": "яркожълт"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "colour", "word": "藏紅花色 /藏红花色"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "colour", "word": "sahraminkeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zapranis peri", "sense": "colour", "word": "ზაფრანის ფერი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Safranfarbe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Safrangelb"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vathykítrino", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "βαθυκίτρινο"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhagvā", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भगवा"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "colour", "word": "sáfránysárga"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran-iro", "sense": "colour", "word": "サフラン色"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "colour", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "(kolor) szafranowy"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "colour", "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "colour", "word": "rangi ya zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "colour", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "colour", "word": "safranayelov"}], "word": "saffron"}

saffron (English noun) saffron/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Arabic", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Arabic", "Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "Middle English terms derived from Old French", "Middle English uncountable nouns", "Mycenaean Greek terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Malay translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dargwa translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Mycenaean Greek translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "en:Dyes", "en:Iris family plants", "en:Seasonings", "en:Spices", "en:Yellows", "enm:Medicine", "enm:Plants", "enm:Spices", "enm:Taste", "enm:Yellows"], "derived": [{"alt": "Lyperia crocea", "word": "African saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "American saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Cassine peragua", "word": "bastard saffron"}, {"word": "Cape saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "dyer's saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "false saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Curcuma zedoaria", "word": "Indian saffron"}, {"word": "iron saffron"}, {"word": "meadow-saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Colchicum autumnale", "word": "meadow saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "Persian saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "saffrom crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Arremon flavirostris", "word": "saffron-billed sparrow"}, {"taxonomic": "Eriogonum crocatum", "word": "saffron buckwheat"}, {"taxonomic": "Eleginus gracilis", "word": "saffron cod"}, {"alt": "Xanthospar flavus", "word": "saffron-cowled blackbird"}, {"word": "saffron crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Sicalis flaveola", "word": "saffron finch"}, {"taxonomic": "Pyrilia pyrilia", "word": "saffron-headed parrot"}, {"word": "saffronization"}, {"word": "saffronize"}, {"word": "saffronlike"}, {"word": "saffron milk cap"}, {"taxonomic": "Lactarius deliciosus", "word": "saffron milkcap"}, {"alt": "Bumelia angustifolia", "word": "saffron plum"}, {"word": "saffron shadow dancer"}, {"taxonomic": "Spinus siemiradzkii", "word": "saffron siskin"}, {"taxonomic": "Aphelandra squarrosa", "word": "saffron spike"}, {"word": "saffron terror"}, {"taxonomic": "Pteroglossus bailloni", "word": "saffron toucanet"}, {"taxonomic": "Chrysophyllum monopyrenum", "word": "saffron tree"}, {"word": "Saffron Walden"}, {"taxonomic": "Elaeodendron croceum", "word": "saffron wood"}, {"word": "saffrony"}, {"word": "saffron yellow"}, {"taxonomic": "Rumex acetosella", "word": "sheep saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "thistle saffron"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "サフラン", "bor": "1", "tr": "safuran"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "사프란", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "saffron"}, "expansion": "Middle English saffron", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "safran"}, "expansion": "Old French safran", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "safrānum"}, "expansion": "Medieval Latin safrānum", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "زَعْفَرَان"}, "expansion": "Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).", "forms": [{"form": "saffrons", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "safflower"}, {"word": "safranine"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Song of Songs of Songs-Chapter-4/#13-14 4:13-14:", "text": "Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,\nUsually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C."}], "glosses": ["A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus."], "links": [["Crocus sativus", "Crocus sativus#Translingual"], ["crocus", "crocus"]], "senseid": ["en:plant"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:", "text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,\nThe Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye."}, {"ref": "2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:", "text": "Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:", "text": "Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:", "text": "Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent."], "links": [["spice", "spice"], ["seasoning", "seasoning"], ["stigma", "stigma"], ["style", "style"]], "senseid": ["en:spice"], "synonyms": [{"word": "kesar"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "saffron:"}, {"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 18:", "text": "[…] The stately Ram\nShone thro’ the Mead, in native Purple clad,\nOr milder Saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 7, in Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:", "text": "[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Anthony Powell, Temporary Kings, page 82:", "text": "These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page:", "text": "The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:", "text": "On another occasion, H-pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP's own party colours, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt."], "links": [["orange", "orange"], ["yellow", "yellow"], ["colour", "colour"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "saffron yellow"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈsæfɹən/"}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-saffron.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ˈsæfəɹn/", "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"rhymes": "-æfɹən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "shafran"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "krrokull"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زَعْفَرَان"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "plant", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "plant", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "plant", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "safranera"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fān hóng huā", "sense": "plant", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zànghónghuā", "sense": "plant", "word": "藏紅花 /藏红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "plant", "word": "西紅花 /西红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "dar", "lang": "Dargwa", "roman": "zaʿpiran", "sense": "plant", "word": "загӏпиран"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffraankrokus"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plant", "word": "maustesahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafaran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "plant", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gmy", "lang": "Mycenaean Greek", "roman": "CROC", "sense": "plant", "word": "𐁉"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "plant", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kuṅkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुंकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kumkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुमकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zāfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ज़ाफ़रान"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "plant", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "plant", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "plant", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "rɔɔrɔmiət", "sense": "plant", "word": "រមៀត"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "nyā fan", "sense": "plant", "word": "ຫຍ້າຝັ່ນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranum"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "plant", "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "gürgem", "sense": "plant", "word": "гүргэм"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "plant", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["animate", "masculine"], "word": "krokus"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ẓafarân"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kuṅkuma", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुङ्कुम"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "plant", "word": "mzafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "plant", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "ya faran", "sense": "plant", "word": "หญ้าฝรั่น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "کیسر"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "za'farān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "croco"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "zafran"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "plant", "word": "nghệ tây"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranakrok"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "spice", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "spice", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "spice", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "faan¹ hung⁴ faa¹", "sense": "spice", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "dv", "lang": "Dhivehi", "roman": "kukun̊", "sense": "spice", "word": "ކުކުން"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "spice", "word": "sahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇viteli q̇vavili", "sense": "spice", "word": "ყვითელი ყვავილი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "spice", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "zaforá", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ζαφορά"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "કેસર"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "spice", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "זְעַפְרָן"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "spice", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cróch"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "spice", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "spice", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kumkuma"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "spice", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ਕੇਸਰ"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kesara", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "kuṁkuma", "sense": "spice", "word": "කුංකුම"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "spice", "word": "zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "spice", "word": "asapran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "spice", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "kuṅkumapuvvu", "sense": "spice", "word": "కుంకుమపువ్వు"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "spice", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwm"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwn"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "dye", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "dye", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "dye", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferâni", "sense": "dye", "word": "زعفرانی"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "dye", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "colour", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "jarkožǎlt", "sense": "colour", "word": "яркожълт"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "colour", "word": "藏紅花色 /藏红花色"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "colour", "word": "sahraminkeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zapranis peri", "sense": "colour", "word": "ზაფრანის ფერი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Safranfarbe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Safrangelb"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vathykítrino", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "βαθυκίτρινο"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhagvā", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भगवा"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "colour", "word": "sáfránysárga"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran-iro", "sense": "colour", "word": "サフラン色"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "colour", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "(kolor) szafranowy"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "colour", "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "colour", "word": "rangi ya zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "colour", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "colour", "word": "safranayelov"}], "word": "saffron"}

saffron/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Moroccan-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Arabic", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Arabic", "Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "Middle English terms derived from Old French", "Middle English uncountable nouns", "Mycenaean Greek terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Malay translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dargwa translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Mycenaean Greek translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "en:Dyes", "en:Iris family plants", "en:Seasonings", "en:Spices", "en:Yellows", "enm:Medicine", "enm:Plants", "enm:Spices", "enm:Taste", "enm:Yellows"], "derived": [{"alt": "Lyperia crocea", "word": "African saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "American saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Cassine peragua", "word": "bastard saffron"}, {"word": "Cape saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "dyer's saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "false saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Curcuma zedoaria", "word": "Indian saffron"}, {"word": "iron saffron"}, {"word": "meadow-saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Colchicum autumnale", "word": "meadow saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "Persian saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "saffrom crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Arremon flavirostris", "word": "saffron-billed sparrow"}, {"taxonomic": "Eriogonum crocatum", "word": "saffron buckwheat"}, {"taxonomic": "Eleginus gracilis", "word": "saffron cod"}, {"alt": "Xanthospar flavus", "word": "saffron-cowled blackbird"}, {"word": "saffron crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Sicalis flaveola", "word": "saffron finch"}, {"taxonomic": "Pyrilia pyrilia", "word": "saffron-headed parrot"}, {"word": "saffronization"}, {"word": "saffronize"}, {"word": "saffronlike"}, {"word": "saffron milk cap"}, {"taxonomic": "Lactarius deliciosus", "word": "saffron milkcap"}, {"alt": "Bumelia angustifolia", "word": "saffron plum"}, {"word": "saffron shadow dancer"}, {"taxonomic": "Spinus siemiradzkii", "word": "saffron siskin"}, {"taxonomic": "Aphelandra squarrosa", "word": "saffron spike"}, {"word": "saffron terror"}, {"taxonomic": "Pteroglossus bailloni", "word": "saffron toucanet"}, {"taxonomic": "Chrysophyllum monopyrenum", "word": "saffron tree"}, {"word": "Saffron Walden"}, {"taxonomic": "Elaeodendron croceum", "word": "saffron wood"}, {"word": "saffrony"}, {"word": "saffron yellow"}, {"taxonomic": "Rumex acetosella", "word": "sheep saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "thistle saffron"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "サフラン", "bor": "1", "tr": "safuran"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "사프란", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "saffron"}, "expansion": "Middle English saffron", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "safran"}, "expansion": "Old French safran", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "safrānum"}, "expansion": "Medieval Latin safrānum", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "زَعْفَرَان"}, "expansion": "Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).", "forms": [{"form": "saffrons", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "safflower"}, {"word": "safranine"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Song of Songs of Songs-Chapter-4/#13-14 4:13-14:", "text": "Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,\nUsually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C."}], "glosses": ["A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus."], "links": [["Crocus sativus", "Crocus sativus#Translingual"], ["crocus", "crocus"]], "senseid": ["en:plant"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:", "text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,\nThe Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye."}, {"ref": "2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:", "text": "Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:", "text": "Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:", "text": "Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent."], "links": [["spice", "spice"], ["seasoning", "seasoning"], ["stigma", "stigma"], ["style", "style"]], "senseid": ["en:spice"], "synonyms": [{"word": "kesar"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "saffron:"}, {"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 18:", "text": "[…] The stately Ram\nShone thro’ the Mead, in native Purple clad,\nOr milder Saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 7, in Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:", "text": "[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Anthony Powell, Temporary Kings, page 82:", "text": "These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page:", "text": "The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:", "text": "On another occasion, H-pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP's own party colours, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt."], "links": [["orange", "orange"], ["yellow", "yellow"], ["colour", "colour"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "saffron yellow"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈsæfɹən/"}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-saffron.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ˈsæfəɹn/", "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"rhymes": "-æfɹən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "shafran"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "krrokull"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زَعْفَرَان"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "plant", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "plant", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "plant", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "safranera"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fān hóng huā", "sense": "plant", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zànghónghuā", "sense": "plant", "word": "藏紅花 /藏红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "plant", "word": "西紅花 /西红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "dar", "lang": "Dargwa", "roman": "zaʿpiran", "sense": "plant", "word": "загӏпиран"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffraankrokus"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plant", "word": "maustesahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafaran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "plant", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gmy", "lang": "Mycenaean Greek", "roman": "CROC", "sense": "plant", "word": "𐁉"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "plant", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kuṅkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुंकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kumkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुमकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zāfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ज़ाफ़रान"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "plant", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "plant", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "plant", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "rɔɔrɔmiət", "sense": "plant", "word": "រមៀត"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "nyā fan", "sense": "plant", "word": "ຫຍ້າຝັ່ນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranum"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "plant", "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "gürgem", "sense": "plant", "word": "гүргэм"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "plant", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["animate", "masculine"], "word": "krokus"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ẓafarân"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kuṅkuma", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुङ्कुम"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "plant", "word": "mzafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "plant", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "ya faran", "sense": "plant", "word": "หญ้าฝรั่น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "کیسر"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "za'farān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "croco"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "zafran"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "plant", "word": "nghệ tây"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranakrok"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "spice", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "spice", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "spice", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "faan¹ hung⁴ faa¹", "sense": "spice", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "dv", "lang": "Dhivehi", "roman": "kukun̊", "sense": "spice", "word": "ކުކުން"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "spice", "word": "sahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇viteli q̇vavili", "sense": "spice", "word": "ყვითელი ყვავილი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "spice", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "zaforá", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ζαφορά"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "કેસર"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "spice", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "זְעַפְרָן"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "spice", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cróch"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "spice", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "spice", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kumkuma"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "spice", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ਕੇਸਰ"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kesara", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "kuṁkuma", "sense": "spice", "word": "කුංකුම"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "spice", "word": "zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "spice", "word": "asapran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "spice", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "kuṅkumapuvvu", "sense": "spice", "word": "కుంకుమపువ్వు"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "spice", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwm"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwn"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "dye", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "dye", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "dye", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferâni", "sense": "dye", "word": "زعفرانی"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "dye", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "colour", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "jarkožǎlt", "sense": "colour", "word": "яркожълт"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "colour", "word": "藏紅花色 /藏红花色"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "colour", "word": "sahraminkeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zapranis peri", "sense": "colour", "word": "ზაფრანის ფერი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Safranfarbe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Safrangelb"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vathykítrino", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "βαθυκίτρινο"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhagvā", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भगवा"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "colour", "word": "sáfránysárga"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran-iro", "sense": "colour", "word": "サフラン色"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "colour", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "(kolor) szafranowy"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "colour", "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "colour", "word": "rangi ya zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "colour", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "colour", "word": "safranayelov"}], "word": "saffron"}

saffron (English noun) saffron/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Moroccan-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Arabic", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Arabic", "Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "Middle English terms derived from Old French", "Middle English uncountable nouns", "Mycenaean Greek terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Malay translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dargwa translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Mycenaean Greek translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "en:Dyes", "en:Iris family plants", "en:Seasonings", "en:Spices", "en:Yellows", "enm:Medicine", "enm:Plants", "enm:Spices", "enm:Taste", "enm:Yellows"], "derived": [{"alt": "Lyperia crocea", "word": "African saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "American saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Cassine peragua", "word": "bastard saffron"}, {"word": "Cape saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "dyer's saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "false saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Curcuma zedoaria", "word": "Indian saffron"}, {"word": "iron saffron"}, {"word": "meadow-saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Colchicum autumnale", "word": "meadow saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "Persian saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "saffrom crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Arremon flavirostris", "word": "saffron-billed sparrow"}, {"taxonomic": "Eriogonum crocatum", "word": "saffron buckwheat"}, {"taxonomic": "Eleginus gracilis", "word": "saffron cod"}, {"alt": "Xanthospar flavus", "word": "saffron-cowled blackbird"}, {"word": "saffron crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Sicalis flaveola", "word": "saffron finch"}, {"taxonomic": "Pyrilia pyrilia", "word": "saffron-headed parrot"}, {"word": "saffronization"}, {"word": "saffronize"}, {"word": "saffronlike"}, {"word": "saffron milk cap"}, {"taxonomic": "Lactarius deliciosus", "word": "saffron milkcap"}, {"alt": "Bumelia angustifolia", "word": "saffron plum"}, {"word": "saffron shadow dancer"}, {"taxonomic": "Spinus siemiradzkii", "word": "saffron siskin"}, {"taxonomic": "Aphelandra squarrosa", "word": "saffron spike"}, {"word": "saffron terror"}, {"taxonomic": "Pteroglossus bailloni", "word": "saffron toucanet"}, {"taxonomic": "Chrysophyllum monopyrenum", "word": "saffron tree"}, {"word": "Saffron Walden"}, {"taxonomic": "Elaeodendron croceum", "word": "saffron wood"}, {"word": "saffrony"}, {"word": "saffron yellow"}, {"taxonomic": "Rumex acetosella", "word": "sheep saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "thistle saffron"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "サフラン", "bor": "1", "tr": "safuran"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "사프란", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "saffron"}, "expansion": "Middle English saffron", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "safran"}, "expansion": "Old French safran", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "safrānum"}, "expansion": "Medieval Latin safrānum", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "زَعْفَرَان"}, "expansion": "Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).", "forms": [{"form": "saffrons", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "safflower"}, {"word": "safranine"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Song of Songs of Songs-Chapter-4/#13-14 4:13-14:", "text": "Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,\nUsually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C."}], "glosses": ["A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus."], "links": [["Crocus sativus", "Crocus sativus#Translingual"], ["crocus", "crocus"]], "senseid": ["en:plant"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:", "text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,\nThe Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye."}, {"ref": "2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:", "text": "Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:", "text": "Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:", "text": "Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent."], "links": [["spice", "spice"], ["seasoning", "seasoning"], ["stigma", "stigma"], ["style", "style"]], "senseid": ["en:spice"], "synonyms": [{"word": "kesar"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "saffron:"}, {"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 18:", "text": "[…] The stately Ram\nShone thro’ the Mead, in native Purple clad,\nOr milder Saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 7, in Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:", "text": "[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Anthony Powell, Temporary Kings, page 82:", "text": "These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page:", "text": "The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:", "text": "On another occasion, H-pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP's own party colours, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt."], "links": [["orange", "orange"], ["yellow", "yellow"], ["colour", "colour"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "saffron yellow"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈsæfɹən/"}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-saffron.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ˈsæfəɹn/", "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"rhymes": "-æfɹən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "shafran"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "krrokull"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زَعْفَرَان"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "plant", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "plant", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "plant", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "safranera"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fān hóng huā", "sense": "plant", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zànghónghuā", "sense": "plant", "word": "藏紅花 /藏红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "plant", "word": "西紅花 /西红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "dar", "lang": "Dargwa", "roman": "zaʿpiran", "sense": "plant", "word": "загӏпиран"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffraankrokus"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plant", "word": "maustesahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafaran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "plant", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gmy", "lang": "Mycenaean Greek", "roman": "CROC", "sense": "plant", "word": "𐁉"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "plant", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kuṅkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुंकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kumkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुमकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zāfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ज़ाफ़रान"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "plant", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "plant", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "plant", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "rɔɔrɔmiət", "sense": "plant", "word": "រមៀត"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "nyā fan", "sense": "plant", "word": "ຫຍ້າຝັ່ນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranum"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "plant", "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "gürgem", "sense": "plant", "word": "гүргэм"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "plant", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["animate", "masculine"], "word": "krokus"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ẓafarân"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kuṅkuma", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुङ्कुम"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "plant", "word": "mzafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "plant", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "ya faran", "sense": "plant", "word": "หญ้าฝรั่น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "کیسر"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "za'farān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "croco"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "zafran"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "plant", "word": "nghệ tây"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranakrok"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "spice", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "spice", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "spice", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "faan¹ hung⁴ faa¹", "sense": "spice", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "dv", "lang": "Dhivehi", "roman": "kukun̊", "sense": "spice", "word": "ކުކުން"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "spice", "word": "sahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇viteli q̇vavili", "sense": "spice", "word": "ყვითელი ყვავილი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "spice", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "zaforá", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ζαφορά"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "કેસર"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "spice", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "זְעַפְרָן"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "spice", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cróch"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "spice", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "spice", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kumkuma"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "spice", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ਕੇਸਰ"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kesara", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "kuṁkuma", "sense": "spice", "word": "කුංකුම"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "spice", "word": "zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "spice", "word": "asapran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "spice", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "kuṅkumapuvvu", "sense": "spice", "word": "కుంకుమపువ్వు"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "spice", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwm"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwn"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "dye", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "dye", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "dye", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferâni", "sense": "dye", "word": "زعفرانی"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "dye", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "colour", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "jarkožǎlt", "sense": "colour", "word": "яркожълт"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "colour", "word": "藏紅花色 /藏红花色"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "colour", "word": "sahraminkeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zapranis peri", "sense": "colour", "word": "ზაფრანის ფერი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Safranfarbe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Safrangelb"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vathykítrino", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "βαθυκίτρινο"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhagvā", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भगवा"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "colour", "word": "sáfránysárga"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran-iro", "sense": "colour", "word": "サフラン色"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "colour", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "(kolor) szafranowy"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "colour", "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "colour", "word": "rangi ya zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "colour", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "colour", "word": "safranayelov"}], "word": "saffron"}

saffron/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Hijazi-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Arabic", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Arabic", "Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "Middle English terms derived from Old French", "Middle English uncountable nouns", "Mycenaean Greek terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Malay translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dargwa translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Mycenaean Greek translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "en:Dyes", "en:Iris family plants", "en:Seasonings", "en:Spices", "en:Yellows", "enm:Medicine", "enm:Plants", "enm:Spices", "enm:Taste", "enm:Yellows"], "derived": [{"alt": "Lyperia crocea", "word": "African saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "American saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Cassine peragua", "word": "bastard saffron"}, {"word": "Cape saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "dyer's saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "false saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Curcuma zedoaria", "word": "Indian saffron"}, {"word": "iron saffron"}, {"word": "meadow-saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Colchicum autumnale", "word": "meadow saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "Persian saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "saffrom crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Arremon flavirostris", "word": "saffron-billed sparrow"}, {"taxonomic": "Eriogonum crocatum", "word": "saffron buckwheat"}, {"taxonomic": "Eleginus gracilis", "word": "saffron cod"}, {"alt": "Xanthospar flavus", "word": "saffron-cowled blackbird"}, {"word": "saffron crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Sicalis flaveola", "word": "saffron finch"}, {"taxonomic": "Pyrilia pyrilia", "word": "saffron-headed parrot"}, {"word": "saffronization"}, {"word": "saffronize"}, {"word": "saffronlike"}, {"word": "saffron milk cap"}, {"taxonomic": "Lactarius deliciosus", "word": "saffron milkcap"}, {"alt": "Bumelia angustifolia", "word": "saffron plum"}, {"word": "saffron shadow dancer"}, {"taxonomic": "Spinus siemiradzkii", "word": "saffron siskin"}, {"taxonomic": "Aphelandra squarrosa", "word": "saffron spike"}, {"word": "saffron terror"}, {"taxonomic": "Pteroglossus bailloni", "word": "saffron toucanet"}, {"taxonomic": "Chrysophyllum monopyrenum", "word": "saffron tree"}, {"word": "Saffron Walden"}, {"taxonomic": "Elaeodendron croceum", "word": "saffron wood"}, {"word": "saffrony"}, {"word": "saffron yellow"}, {"taxonomic": "Rumex acetosella", "word": "sheep saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "thistle saffron"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "サフラン", "bor": "1", "tr": "safuran"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "사프란", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "saffron"}, "expansion": "Middle English saffron", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "safran"}, "expansion": "Old French safran", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "safrānum"}, "expansion": "Medieval Latin safrānum", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "زَعْفَرَان"}, "expansion": "Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).", "forms": [{"form": "saffrons", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "safflower"}, {"word": "safranine"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Song of Songs of Songs-Chapter-4/#13-14 4:13-14:", "text": "Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,\nUsually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C."}], "glosses": ["A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus."], "links": [["Crocus sativus", "Crocus sativus#Translingual"], ["crocus", "crocus"]], "senseid": ["en:plant"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:", "text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,\nThe Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye."}, {"ref": "2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:", "text": "Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:", "text": "Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:", "text": "Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent."], "links": [["spice", "spice"], ["seasoning", "seasoning"], ["stigma", "stigma"], ["style", "style"]], "senseid": ["en:spice"], "synonyms": [{"word": "kesar"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "saffron:"}, {"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 18:", "text": "[…] The stately Ram\nShone thro’ the Mead, in native Purple clad,\nOr milder Saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 7, in Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:", "text": "[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Anthony Powell, Temporary Kings, page 82:", "text": "These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page:", "text": "The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:", "text": "On another occasion, H-pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP's own party colours, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt."], "links": [["orange", "orange"], ["yellow", "yellow"], ["colour", "colour"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "saffron yellow"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈsæfɹən/"}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-saffron.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ˈsæfəɹn/", "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"rhymes": "-æfɹən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "shafran"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "krrokull"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زَعْفَرَان"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "plant", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "plant", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "plant", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "safranera"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fān hóng huā", "sense": "plant", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zànghónghuā", "sense": "plant", "word": "藏紅花 /藏红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "plant", "word": "西紅花 /西红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "dar", "lang": "Dargwa", "roman": "zaʿpiran", "sense": "plant", "word": "загӏпиран"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffraankrokus"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plant", "word": "maustesahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafaran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "plant", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gmy", "lang": "Mycenaean Greek", "roman": "CROC", "sense": "plant", "word": "𐁉"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "plant", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kuṅkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुंकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kumkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुमकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zāfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ज़ाफ़रान"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "plant", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "plant", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "plant", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "rɔɔrɔmiət", "sense": "plant", "word": "រមៀត"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "nyā fan", "sense": "plant", "word": "ຫຍ້າຝັ່ນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranum"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "plant", "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "gürgem", "sense": "plant", "word": "гүргэм"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "plant", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["animate", "masculine"], "word": "krokus"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ẓafarân"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kuṅkuma", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुङ्कुम"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "plant", "word": "mzafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "plant", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "ya faran", "sense": "plant", "word": "หญ้าฝรั่น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "کیسر"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "za'farān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "croco"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "zafran"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "plant", "word": "nghệ tây"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranakrok"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "spice", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "spice", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "spice", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "faan¹ hung⁴ faa¹", "sense": "spice", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "dv", "lang": "Dhivehi", "roman": "kukun̊", "sense": "spice", "word": "ކުކުން"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "spice", "word": "sahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇viteli q̇vavili", "sense": "spice", "word": "ყვითელი ყვავილი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "spice", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "zaforá", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ζαφορά"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "કેસર"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "spice", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "זְעַפְרָן"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "spice", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cróch"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "spice", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "spice", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kumkuma"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "spice", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ਕੇਸਰ"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kesara", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "kuṁkuma", "sense": "spice", "word": "කුංකුම"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "spice", "word": "zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "spice", "word": "asapran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "spice", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "kuṅkumapuvvu", "sense": "spice", "word": "కుంకుమపువ్వు"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "spice", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwm"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwn"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "dye", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "dye", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "dye", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferâni", "sense": "dye", "word": "زعفرانی"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "dye", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "colour", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "jarkožǎlt", "sense": "colour", "word": "яркожълт"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "colour", "word": "藏紅花色 /藏红花色"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "colour", "word": "sahraminkeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zapranis peri", "sense": "colour", "word": "ზაფრანის ფერი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Safranfarbe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Safrangelb"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vathykítrino", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "βαθυκίτρινο"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhagvā", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भगवा"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "colour", "word": "sáfránysárga"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran-iro", "sense": "colour", "word": "サフラン色"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "colour", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "(kolor) szafranowy"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "colour", "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "colour", "word": "rangi ya zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "colour", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "colour", "word": "safranayelov"}], "word": "saffron"}

saffron (English noun) saffron/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Hijazi-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Arabic", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Arabic", "Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "Middle English terms derived from Old French", "Middle English uncountable nouns", "Mycenaean Greek terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Japanese translations", "Requests for review of Malay translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən", "Rhymes:English/æfɹən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dargwa translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Mycenaean Greek translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "en:Dyes", "en:Iris family plants", "en:Seasonings", "en:Spices", "en:Yellows", "enm:Medicine", "enm:Plants", "enm:Spices", "enm:Taste", "enm:Yellows"], "derived": [{"alt": "Lyperia crocea", "word": "African saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "American saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Cassine peragua", "word": "bastard saffron"}, {"word": "Cape saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "dyer's saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "false saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Curcuma zedoaria", "word": "Indian saffron"}, {"word": "iron saffron"}, {"word": "meadow-saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Colchicum autumnale", "word": "meadow saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "Persian saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Crocus sativus", "word": "saffrom crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Arremon flavirostris", "word": "saffron-billed sparrow"}, {"taxonomic": "Eriogonum crocatum", "word": "saffron buckwheat"}, {"taxonomic": "Eleginus gracilis", "word": "saffron cod"}, {"alt": "Xanthospar flavus", "word": "saffron-cowled blackbird"}, {"word": "saffron crocus"}, {"taxonomic": "Sicalis flaveola", "word": "saffron finch"}, {"taxonomic": "Pyrilia pyrilia", "word": "saffron-headed parrot"}, {"word": "saffronization"}, {"word": "saffronize"}, {"word": "saffronlike"}, {"word": "saffron milk cap"}, {"taxonomic": "Lactarius deliciosus", "word": "saffron milkcap"}, {"alt": "Bumelia angustifolia", "word": "saffron plum"}, {"word": "saffron shadow dancer"}, {"taxonomic": "Spinus siemiradzkii", "word": "saffron siskin"}, {"taxonomic": "Aphelandra squarrosa", "word": "saffron spike"}, {"word": "saffron terror"}, {"taxonomic": "Pteroglossus bailloni", "word": "saffron toucanet"}, {"taxonomic": "Chrysophyllum monopyrenum", "word": "saffron tree"}, {"word": "Saffron Walden"}, {"taxonomic": "Elaeodendron croceum", "word": "saffron wood"}, {"word": "saffrony"}, {"word": "saffron yellow"}, {"taxonomic": "Rumex acetosella", "word": "sheep saffron"}, {"taxonomic": "Carthamus tinctorius", "word": "thistle saffron"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "サフラン", "bor": "1", "tr": "safuran"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "사프란", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "saffron"}, "expansion": "Middle English saffron", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "safran"}, "expansion": "Old French safran", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "safrānum"}, "expansion": "Medieval Latin safrānum", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ar", "3": "زَعْفَرَان"}, "expansion": "Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).", "forms": [{"form": "saffrons", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "~"}, "expansion": "saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [{"word": "safflower"}, {"word": "safranine"}], "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Song of Songs of Songs-Chapter-4/#13-14 4:13-14:", "text": "Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,\nUsually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C."}], "glosses": ["A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus."], "links": [["Crocus sativus", "Crocus sativus#Translingual"], ["crocus", "crocus"]], "senseid": ["en:plant"], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:", "text": "I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]", "type": "quote"}, {"text": "1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,\nThe Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye."}, {"ref": "2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:", "text": "Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:", "text": "Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:", "text": "Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent."], "links": [["spice", "spice"], ["seasoning", "seasoning"], ["stigma", "stigma"], ["style", "style"]], "senseid": ["en:spice"], "synonyms": [{"word": "kesar"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "saffron:"}, {"ref": "a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 18:", "text": "[…] The stately Ram\nShone thro’ the Mead, in native Purple clad,\nOr milder Saffron […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 7, in Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:", "text": "[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Anthony Powell, Temporary Kings, page 82:", "text": "These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page:", "text": "The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:", "text": "On another occasion, H-pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP's own party colours, […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt."], "links": [["orange", "orange"], ["yellow", "yellow"], ["colour", "colour"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "saffron yellow"}], "tags": ["countable", "uncountable"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈsæfɹən/"}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-saffron.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-saffron.wav.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ˈsæfəɹn/", "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"rhymes": "-æfɹən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "shafran"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "krrokull"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زَعْفَرَان"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "plant", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "plant", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "plant", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "safranera"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fān hóng huā", "sense": "plant", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zànghónghuā", "sense": "plant", "word": "藏紅花 /藏红花"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "plant", "word": "西紅花 /西红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["common-gender", "neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "dar", "lang": "Dargwa", "roman": "zaʿpiran", "sense": "plant", "word": "загӏпиран"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffraankrokus"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "plant", "word": "maustesahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafaran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "plant", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gmy", "lang": "Mycenaean Greek", "roman": "CROC", "sense": "plant", "word": "𐁉"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "plant", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kuṅkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुंकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kumkum", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुमकुम"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "zāfrān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ज़ाफ़रान"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "plant", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "plant", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "plant", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "plant", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "rɔɔrɔmiət", "sense": "plant", "word": "រមៀត"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "nyā fan", "sense": "plant", "word": "ຫຍ້າຝັ່ນ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranum"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "plant", "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "gürgem", "sense": "plant", "word": "гүргэм"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrankrokus"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "plant", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["animate", "masculine"], "word": "krokus"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ẓafarân"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kuṅkuma", "sense": "plant", "word": "कुङ्कुम"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "plant", "word": "mzafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "plant", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "plant", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "ya faran", "sense": "plant", "word": "หญ้าฝรั่น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "plant", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "کیسر"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "za'farān", "sense": "plant", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "croco"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "plant", "word": "zafran"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "plant", "word": "nghệ tây"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "plant", "word": "safranakrok"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfarān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "zaʕfrān", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "spice", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "spice", "word": "zəfəran"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "kumku.mam", "sense": "spice", "word": "ကုံကုမံ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "faan¹ hung⁴ faa¹", "sense": "spice", "word": "番紅花 /番红花"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["plural"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "dv", "lang": "Dhivehi", "roman": "kukun̊", "sense": "spice", "word": "ކުކުން"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "spice", "word": "sahrami"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇viteli q̇vavili", "sense": "spice", "word": "ყვითელი ყვავილი"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zaprana", "sense": "spice", "word": "ზაფრანა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "zaforá", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "ζαφορά"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "krókos", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "κρόκος"}, {"code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "કેસર"}, {"code": "haw", "lang": "Hawaiian", "sense": "spice", "word": "keloko"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "זְעַפְרָן"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "spice", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "spice", "word": "safrano"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "cróch"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran", "sense": "spice", "word": "サフラン"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "spice", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crocus"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "šafran", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kuma-kuma"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "spice", "word": "kumkuma"}, {"code": "mt", "lang": "Maltese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "żagħfran"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "keśar", "sense": "spice", "word": "केशर"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferân", "sense": "spice", "word": "زعفران"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kesar", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "ਕੇਸਰ"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kesara", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "केसर"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "masculine"], "word": "шафран"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["Roman", "masculine"], "word": "šafran"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "kuṁkuma", "sense": "spice", "word": "කුංකුම"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "šafrán"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "žafran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "spice", "word": "zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "spice", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "spice", "word": "asapran"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kuṅkumappū", "sense": "spice", "word": "குங்குமப்பூ"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "kuṅkumapuvvu", "sense": "spice", "word": "కుంకుమపువ్వు"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "spice", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwm"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "spice", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "saffrwn"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "dye", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "dye", "word": "saffraan"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "sasafrán"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "Safran"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "dye", "word": "sáfrány"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "crogh"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "za'ferâni", "sense": "dye", "word": "زعفرانی"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šafrán", "sense": "dye", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "шафра́н"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "dye", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "dye", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "kʻrkʻum", "sense": "colour", "word": "քրքում"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "jarkožǎlt", "sense": "colour", "word": "яркожълт"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safrà"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "colour", "word": "藏紅花色 /藏红花色"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "colour", "word": "sahraminkeltainen"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "zapranis peri", "sense": "colour", "word": "ზაფრანის ფერი"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "Safranfarbe"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Safrangelb"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "vathykítrino", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "βαθυκίτρινο"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरिया"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "bhagvā", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "भगवा"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "colour", "word": "sáfránysárga"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "zafferano"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "safuran-iro", "sense": "colour", "word": "サフラン色"}, {"code": "kn", "lang": "Kannada", "roman": "kēsari", "sense": "colour", "word": "ಕೇಸರಿ"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "केसरी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "szafran"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["inanimate", "masculine"], "word": "(kolor) szafranowy"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "colour", "word": "açafrão"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "șofran"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "colour", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "azafrán"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "colour", "word": "rangi ya zafarani"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "colour", "word": "saffran"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "colour", "word": "safran"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesrī", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسری"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "kesriyā", "sense": "colour", "word": "کیسریا"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "colour", "word": "safranayelov"}], "word": "saffron"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.