Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

rough/English/noun

1: rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "en:Touch"], "derived": [{"word": "bit of rough"}, {"word": "diamond in the rough"}, {"word": "putt from the rough"}, {"word": "rough-and-tumble"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "rough"}, "expansion": "Middle English rough", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "rūg"}, "expansion": "Old English rūg", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*rūhaz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhaz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "ruch"}, "expansion": "Scots ruch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "ruuch"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian ruuch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "rûch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "West Frisian rûch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "ruuch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Low German ruuch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ruig", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Dutch ruig (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "rau", "3": "rau(h)", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "German rau(h) (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "ru", "3": "ru", "t": "uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\""}, "expansion": "Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.\nCognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”).", "forms": [{"form": "roughs", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "ruff", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "rough (plural roughs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"glosses": ["The unmowed part of a golf course."], "links": [["unmowed", "unmowed"], ["golf course", "golf course"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:", "text": "In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. \"Dreadful catastrophe!\" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. \"Fighting at Weybridge!\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy."], "links": [["rude", "rude"], ["coarse", "coarse"], ["bully", "bully"], ["rowdy", "rowdy"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["scuffed", "scuffed"], ["roughened", "roughened"], ["pitch", "pitch"], ["bowler", "bowler"], ["target", "target"], ["spin bowler", "spin bowler"], ["unpredictable", "unpredictable"], ["bounce", "bounce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created."], "links": [["facet", "facet"], ["cabochon", "cabochon"], ["gem", "gem"]]}, {"glosses": ["A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming."], "links": [["sketch", "sketch"], ["thumbnail", "thumbnail"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1633, Phineas Fletcher, Eclog 1. Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}
1: rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "en:Touch"], "derived": [{"word": "bit of rough"}, {"word": "diamond in the rough"}, {"word": "putt from the rough"}, {"word": "rough-and-tumble"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "rough"}, "expansion": "Middle English rough", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "rūg"}, "expansion": "Old English rūg", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*rūhaz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhaz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "ruch"}, "expansion": "Scots ruch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "ruuch"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian ruuch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "rûch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "West Frisian rûch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "ruuch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Low German ruuch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ruig", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Dutch ruig (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "rau", "3": "rau(h)", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "German rau(h) (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "ru", "3": "ru", "t": "uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\""}, "expansion": "Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.\nCognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”).", "forms": [{"form": "roughs", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "ruff", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "rough (plural roughs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"glosses": ["The unmowed part of a golf course."], "links": [["unmowed", "unmowed"], ["golf course", "golf course"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:", "text": "In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. \"Dreadful catastrophe!\" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. \"Fighting at Weybridge!\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy."], "links": [["rude", "rude"], ["coarse", "coarse"], ["bully", "bully"], ["rowdy", "rowdy"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["scuffed", "scuffed"], ["roughened", "roughened"], ["pitch", "pitch"], ["bowler", "bowler"], ["target", "target"], ["spin bowler", "spin bowler"], ["unpredictable", "unpredictable"], ["bounce", "bounce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created."], "links": [["facet", "facet"], ["cabochon", "cabochon"], ["gem", "gem"]]}, {"glosses": ["A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming."], "links": [["sketch", "sketch"], ["thumbnail", "thumbnail"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1633, Phineas Fletcher, Eclog 1. Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}
1: rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "en:Touch"], "derived": [{"word": "bit of rough"}, {"word": "diamond in the rough"}, {"word": "putt from the rough"}, {"word": "rough-and-tumble"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "rough"}, "expansion": "Middle English rough", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "rūg"}, "expansion": "Old English rūg", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*rūhaz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhaz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "ruch"}, "expansion": "Scots ruch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "ruuch"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian ruuch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "rûch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "West Frisian rûch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "ruuch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Low German ruuch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ruig", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Dutch ruig (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "rau", "3": "rau(h)", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "German rau(h) (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "ru", "3": "ru", "t": "uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\""}, "expansion": "Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.\nCognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”).", "forms": [{"form": "roughs", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "ruff", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "rough (plural roughs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"glosses": ["The unmowed part of a golf course."], "links": [["unmowed", "unmowed"], ["golf course", "golf course"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:", "text": "In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. \"Dreadful catastrophe!\" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. \"Fighting at Weybridge!\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy."], "links": [["rude", "rude"], ["coarse", "coarse"], ["bully", "bully"], ["rowdy", "rowdy"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["scuffed", "scuffed"], ["roughened", "roughened"], ["pitch", "pitch"], ["bowler", "bowler"], ["target", "target"], ["spin bowler", "spin bowler"], ["unpredictable", "unpredictable"], ["bounce", "bounce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created."], "links": [["facet", "facet"], ["cabochon", "cabochon"], ["gem", "gem"]]}, {"glosses": ["A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming."], "links": [["sketch", "sketch"], ["thumbnail", "thumbnail"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1633, Phineas Fletcher, Eclog 1. Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}
1: rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms 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Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:", "text": "In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. \"Dreadful catastrophe!\" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. \"Fighting at Weybridge!\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy."], "links": [["rude", "rude"], ["coarse", "coarse"], ["bully", "bully"], ["rowdy", "rowdy"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["scuffed", "scuffed"], ["roughened", "roughened"], ["pitch", "pitch"], ["bowler", "bowler"], ["target", "target"], ["spin bowler", "spin bowler"], ["unpredictable", "unpredictable"], ["bounce", "bounce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created."], "links": [["facet", "facet"], ["cabochon", "cabochon"], ["gem", "gem"]]}, {"glosses": ["A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming."], "links": [["sketch", "sketch"], ["thumbnail", "thumbnail"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1633, Phineas Fletcher, Eclog 1. Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}
1: rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Zazaki 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Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:", "text": "In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. \"Dreadful catastrophe!\" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. \"Fighting at Weybridge!\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy."], "links": [["rude", "rude"], ["coarse", "coarse"], ["bully", "bully"], ["rowdy", "rowdy"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["scuffed", "scuffed"], ["roughened", "roughened"], ["pitch", "pitch"], ["bowler", "bowler"], ["target", "target"], ["spin bowler", "spin bowler"], ["unpredictable", "unpredictable"], ["bounce", "bounce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created."], "links": [["facet", "facet"], ["cabochon", "cabochon"], ["gem", "gem"]]}, {"glosses": ["A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming."], "links": [["sketch", "sketch"], ["thumbnail", "thumbnail"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1633, Phineas Fletcher, Eclog 1. Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}

rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with 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Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}

rough (English noun) rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "en:Touch"], "derived": [{"word": "bit of rough"}, {"word": "diamond in the rough"}, {"word": "putt from the rough"}, {"word": "rough-and-tumble"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "rough"}, "expansion": "Middle English rough", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "rūg"}, "expansion": "Old English rūg", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*rūhaz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhaz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "ruch"}, "expansion": "Scots ruch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "ruuch"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian ruuch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "rûch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "West Frisian rûch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "ruuch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Low German ruuch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ruig", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Dutch ruig (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, 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"links": [["unmowed", "unmowed"], ["golf course", "golf course"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1898, H.G. 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Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}

rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with 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"en:Touch"], "derived": [{"word": "bit of rough"}, {"word": "diamond in the rough"}, {"word": "putt from the rough"}, {"word": "rough-and-tumble"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "rough"}, "expansion": "Middle English rough", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "rūg"}, "expansion": "Old English rūg", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "rūhaz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic rūhaz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "ruch"}, "expansion": "Scots ruch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "ruuch"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian ruuch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "rûch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "West Frisian rûch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "ruuch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Low German ruuch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ruig", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Dutch ruig (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "rau", "3": "rau(h)", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "German rau(h) (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "ru", "3": "ru", "t": "uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\""}, "expansion": "Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.\nCognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”).", "forms": [{"form": "roughs", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "ruff", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "rough (plural roughs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"glosses": ["The unmowed part of a golf course."], "links": [["unmowed", "unmowed"], ["golf course", "golf course"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:", "text": "In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. \"Dreadful catastrophe!\" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. \"Fighting at Weybridge!\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy."], "links": [["rude", "rude"], ["coarse", "coarse"], ["bully", "bully"], ["rowdy", "rowdy"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["scuffed", "scuffed"], ["roughened", "roughened"], ["pitch", "pitch"], ["bowler", "bowler"], ["target", "target"], ["spin bowler", "spin bowler"], ["unpredictable", "unpredictable"], ["bounce", "bounce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created."], "links": [["facet", "facet"], ["cabochon", "cabochon"], ["gem", "gem"]]}, {"glosses": ["A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming."], "links": [["sketch", "sketch"], ["thumbnail", "thumbnail"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1633, Phineas Fletcher, Eclog 1. Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}

rough (English noun) rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese 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rough (English noun) rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese 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Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:", "text": "In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. \"Dreadful catastrophe!\" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. \"Fighting at Weybridge!\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy."], "links": [["rude", "rude"], ["coarse", "coarse"], ["bully", "bully"], ["rowdy", "rowdy"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["scuffed", "scuffed"], ["roughened", "roughened"], ["pitch", "pitch"], ["bowler", "bowler"], ["target", "target"], ["spin bowler", "spin bowler"], ["unpredictable", "unpredictable"], ["bounce", "bounce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created."], "links": [["facet", "facet"], ["cabochon", "cabochon"], ["gem", "gem"]]}, {"glosses": ["A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming."], "links": [["sketch", "sketch"], ["thumbnail", "thumbnail"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1633, Phineas Fletcher, Eclog 1. Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}

rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "en:Touch"], "derived": [{"word": "bit of rough"}, {"word": "diamond in the rough"}, {"word": "putt from the rough"}, {"word": "rough-and-tumble"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "rough"}, "expansion": "Middle English rough", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "rūg"}, "expansion": "Old English rūg", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "rūhaz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic rūhaz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "ruch"}, "expansion": "Scots ruch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "ruuch"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian ruuch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "rûch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "West Frisian rûch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "ruuch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Low German ruuch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ruig", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Dutch ruig (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "rau", "3": "rau(h)", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "German rau(h) (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "ru", "3": "ru", "t": "uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\""}, "expansion": "Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.\nCognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”).", "forms": [{"form": "roughs", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "ruff", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "rough (plural roughs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"glosses": ["The unmowed part of a golf course."], "links": [["unmowed", "unmowed"], ["golf course", "golf course"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:", "text": "In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. \"Dreadful catastrophe!\" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. \"Fighting at Weybridge!\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy."], "links": [["rude", "rude"], ["coarse", "coarse"], ["bully", "bully"], ["rowdy", "rowdy"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["scuffed", "scuffed"], ["roughened", "roughened"], ["pitch", "pitch"], ["bowler", "bowler"], ["target", "target"], ["spin bowler", "spin bowler"], ["unpredictable", "unpredictable"], ["bounce", "bounce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created."], "links": [["facet", "facet"], ["cabochon", "cabochon"], ["gem", "gem"]]}, {"glosses": ["A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming."], "links": [["sketch", "sketch"], ["thumbnail", "thumbnail"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1633, Phineas Fletcher, Eclog 1. Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}

rough (English noun) rough/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌf", "Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "en:Touch"], "derived": [{"word": "bit of rough"}, {"word": "diamond in the rough"}, {"word": "putt from the rough"}, {"word": "rough-and-tumble"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "rough"}, "expansion": "Middle English rough", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "rūg"}, "expansion": "Old English rūg", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*rūhaz"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhaz", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "sco", "2": "ruch"}, "expansion": "Scots ruch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "ruuch"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian ruuch", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "rûch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "West Frisian rûch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "ruuch", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Low German ruuch (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ruig", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "Dutch ruig (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "rau", "3": "rau(h)", "t": "rough"}, "expansion": "German rau(h) (“rough”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "ru", "3": "ru", "t": "uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\""}, "expansion": "Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.\nCognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, \"rough\", \"rugged\"”).", "forms": [{"form": "roughs", "tags": ["plural"]}, {"form": "ruff", "tags": ["alternative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "rough (plural roughs)", "name": "en-noun"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"glosses": ["The unmowed part of a golf course."], "links": [["unmowed", "unmowed"], ["golf course", "golf course"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 124:", "text": "In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs, who had just rushed out of Fleet Street with still wet newspapers and staring placards. \"Dreadful catastrophe!\" they bawled one to the other down Wellington Street. \"Fighting at Weybridge!\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy."], "links": [["rude", "rude"], ["coarse", "coarse"], ["bully", "bully"], ["rowdy", "rowdy"]]}, {"categories": ["en:Cricket"], "glosses": ["A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "links": [["cricket", "cricket"], ["scuffed", "scuffed"], ["roughened", "roughened"], ["pitch", "pitch"], ["bowler", "bowler"], ["target", "target"], ["spin bowler", "spin bowler"], ["unpredictable", "unpredictable"], ["bounce", "bounce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce."], "topics": ["ball-games", "cricket", "games", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"glosses": ["The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created."], "links": [["facet", "facet"], ["cabochon", "cabochon"], ["gem", "gem"]]}, {"glosses": ["A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming."], "links": [["sketch", "sketch"], ["thumbnail", "thumbnail"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1633, Phineas Fletcher, Eclog 1. Amyntas:", "text": "In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Boisterous weather."], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) Boisterous weather."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"glosses": ["A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping."], "links": [["horseshoe", "horseshoe"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ɹʌf/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruff.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruff.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg/En-us-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/En-us-rough.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-us-rough.oga", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga/En-us-rough.oga.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-rough.oga"}, {"ipa": "/ɹɐf/", "tags": ["General-Australian", "New-Zealand"]}, {"audio": "En-au-rough.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg/En-au-rough.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-au-rough.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/ɹʊf/", "tags": ["Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌf"}, {"homophone": "ruff"}], "translations": [{"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "karheikko"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "word": "raffi"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "unmowed part of golf-course", "tags": ["neuter"], "word": "Rough"}], "wikipedia": ["rough"], "word": "rough"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f074e77 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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