reason (English verb) reason/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English reporting verbs", "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂er-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Albanian translations", "Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Dalmatian translations", "Requests for review of Danish translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Estonian translations", "Requests for review of French translations", "Requests for review of Friulian translations", "Requests for review of Georgian translations", "Requests for review of Greek translations", "Requests for review of Hindi translations", "Requests for review of Hungarian translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Latgalian translations", "Requests for review of Latvian translations", "Requests for review of Malayalam translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Requests for review of Occitan translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Requests for review of Sardinian translations", "Requests for review of Scottish Gaelic translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Swahili translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Urdu translations", "Requests for review of Yiddish translations", "Rhymes:English/iːzən", "Rhymes:English/iːzən/2 syllables", "Terms with Aghwan translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Nǀuu translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Paicî translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Silesian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Logic", "en:Thinking"], "derived": [{"word": "reason down"}, {"word": "reasoner"}, {"word": "reason out"}, {"word": "reason with"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂er-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "resoun"}, "expansion": "Middle English resoun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "raisun"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman raisun", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "raison"}, "expansion": "Old French raison", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "ratiō"}, "expansion": "Latin ratiō", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂reh₁-", "4": "", "5": "to think"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁- (“to think”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "-rede", "3": "reden", "pos": "found in compounds"}, "expansion": "Middle English reden (found in compounds)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ang", "2": "rǣden", "t": "condition, stipulation, calculation, direction"}, "expansion": "Old English rǣden (“condition, stipulation, calculation, direction”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "reden", "t": "reason"}, "expansion": "West Frisian reden (“reason”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "reden", "t": "reason"}, "expansion": "Dutch reden (“reason”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ration", "3": "ratio"}, "expansion": "Doublet of ration and ratio", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English resoun, reson, from Anglo-Norman raisun (Old French raison), from Latin ratiō, from ratus, past participle of reor (“reckon”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁- (“to think”), reanalysed root of *h₂er- (“to put together”). Displaced native Middle English reden (found in compounds), from Old English rǣden (“condition, stipulation, calculation, direction”), from the same Proto-Indo-European source (compare West Frisian reden (“reason”), Dutch reden (“reason”)). Doublet of ration and ratio.", "forms": [{"form": "reasons", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "reasoning", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "reasoned", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "reasoned", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "reason (third-person singular simple present reasons, present participle reasoning, simple past and past participle reasoned)", "name": "en-verb"}], "hyphenation": ["rea‧son"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1892, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Speckled Band:", "text": "\"I had,\" said he, \"come to an entirely erroneous conclusion which shows, my dear Watson, how dangerous it always is to reason from insufficient data. […]\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To deduce or come to a conclusion by being rational"], "links": [["deduce", "deduce"], ["rational", "rational"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To deduce or come to a conclusion by being rational"], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1853, Solomon Northup, chapter III, in [David Wilson], editor, Twelve Years a Slave. […], London: Sampson Low, Son & Co.; Auburn, N.Y.: Derby and Miller, →OCLC, page 47:", "text": "Still my spirit was not broken. I indulged the anticipation of escape, and that speedily. It was impossible, I reasoned, that men could be so unjust as to detain me as a slave, when the truth of my case was known.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2017, David Walliams [pseudonym; David Edward Williams], Bad Dad, London: HarperCollins Children’s Books, →ISBN:", "text": "“All right, Dad – I did follow you. But only because I was worried about you.”\n“Worried about me? I was worried about you! Hanging on to the roof of a speeding car! Are you nuts?”\n“It wasn’t moving when I climbed on to it,” reasoned the boy.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To perform a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to argue."], "links": [["convince", "convince"], ["confute", "confute"], ["argue", "argue"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To perform a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to argue."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["To converse; to compare opinions."], "links": [["converse", "converse"], ["opinion", "opinion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, obsolete) To converse; to compare opinions."], "tags": ["intransitive", "obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "I reasoned the matter with my friend.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1901, Ralph Connor, chapter 9, in The Man from Glengarry:", "text": "The talk was mainly between Aleck and Murdie, the others crowding eagerly about and putting in a word as they could. Murdie was reasoning good-humoredly, Aleck replying fiercely.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss."], "links": [["examine", "examine"], ["discuss", "discuss"], ["debate", "debate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(ambitransitive) To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss."], "tags": ["ambitransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To support with reasons, as a request."], "links": [["request", "request"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare) To support with reasons, as a request."], "tags": ["rare", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to reason one into a belief; to reason one out of his plan", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 10, in Emma: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:", "text": "That she was not immediately ready, Emma did suspect to arise from the state of her nerves; she had not yet possessed the instrument long enough to touch it without emotion; she must reason herself into the power of performance; and Emma could not but pity such feelings, whatever their origin, and could not but resolve never to expose them to her neighbour again.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To persuade by reasoning or argument."], "links": [["persuade", "persuade"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To persuade by reasoning or argument."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to reason down a passion"}], "glosses": ["To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons."], "links": [["down", "down"], ["overcome", "overcome"], ["conquer", "conquer"], ["adducing", "adduce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, with down) To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons."], "tags": ["transitive", "with-down"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to reason out the causes of the librations of the moon"}], "glosses": ["To find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or argument."], "links": [["out", "out"], ["logical", "logical"], ["process", "process"], ["explain", "explain"], ["justify", "justify"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, usually with out) To find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or argument."], "raw_tags": ["with out"], "tags": ["transitive", "usually"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈɹiːzən/"}, {"ipa": "[ˈɹiːzn̩]", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈɹɪjzn̩]", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈɹɪjzən]", "tags": ["British", "Southern", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈɹi(ː)z(ə)n]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈɹiːz(ə)n]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"audio": "en-us-reason.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-reason.ogg/En-us-reason.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-reason.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-iːzən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "arësyetoj"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "razsǎždavam", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "разсъждавам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "raonar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "ræsonnere"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "overveje"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "redeneren"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "pohtia"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "järkeillä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "schlussfolgern"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "symperaíno", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "συμπεραίνω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "gondolkodik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "következtet"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "levezet"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "ragionare"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "resonnere"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "overveie"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "rozumować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "raciocinar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rassuždátʹ", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "рассужда́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "uvažovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "usúdiť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "razonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "resonera"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "arësyetoj"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "mislja", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "мисля"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "raonar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "deduir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "induir"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "slutte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "redeneren"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "järkeillä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "schlussfolgern"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "symperaíno", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "συμπεραίνω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "érvel"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "indokol"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "ragionare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "argomentare"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "argumentar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "raciocinar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prodúmatʹ", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "проду́мать"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "uvažovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "argumentovať"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "slutleda"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "argumentar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "debatre"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "vitázik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "vitatkozik"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "ragionare"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "diskutere fornuftig"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "przekonywać"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "przekonać"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "diskutera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ubeždavam", "sense": "to persuade by reasoning", "word": "убеждавам"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to persuade by reasoning", "word": "meggyőz"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to persuade by reasoning", "word": "ubeđivati"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to persuade by reasoning", "word": "ubjeđivati"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to persuade by reasoning", "word": "argumentera"}], "wikipedia": ["reason"], "word": "reason"}
reason (English verb) reason/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English reporting verbs", "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂er-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Albanian translations", "Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations", "Requests for review of Dalmatian translations", "Requests for review of Danish translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Estonian translations", "Requests for review of French translations", "Requests for review of Friulian translations", "Requests for review of Georgian translations", "Requests for review of Greek translations", "Requests for review of Hindi translations", "Requests for review of Hungarian translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Latgalian translations", "Requests for review of Latvian translations", "Requests for review of Malayalam translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Requests for review of Occitan translations", "Requests for review of Persian translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Sanskrit translations", "Requests for review of Sardinian translations", "Requests for review of Scottish Gaelic translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Swahili translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Urdu translations", "Requests for review of Yiddish translations", "Rhymes:English/iːzən", "Rhymes:English/iːzən/2 syllables", "Terms with Aghwan translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Nǀuu translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Paicî translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Silesian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Logic", "en:Thinking"], "derived": [{"word": "reason down"}, {"word": "reasoner"}, {"word": "reason out"}, {"word": "reason with"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂er-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "resoun"}, "expansion": "Middle English resoun", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "raisun"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman raisun", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "raison"}, "expansion": "Old French raison", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "ratiō"}, "expansion": "Latin ratiō", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂reh₁-", "4": "", "5": "to think"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁- (“to think”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "enm", "2": "-rede", "3": "reden", "pos": "found in compounds"}, "expansion": "Middle English reden (found in compounds)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ang", "2": "rǣden", "t": "condition, stipulation, calculation, direction"}, "expansion": "Old English rǣden (“condition, stipulation, calculation, direction”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "reden", "t": "reason"}, "expansion": "West Frisian reden (“reason”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "reden", "t": "reason"}, "expansion": "Dutch reden (“reason”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ration", "3": "ratio"}, "expansion": "Doublet of ration and ratio", "name": "doublet"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English resoun, reson, from Anglo-Norman raisun (Old French raison), from Latin ratiō, from ratus, past participle of reor (“reckon”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁- (“to think”), reanalysed root of *h₂er- (“to put together”). Displaced native Middle English reden (found in compounds), from Old English rǣden (“condition, stipulation, calculation, direction”), from the same Proto-Indo-European source (compare West Frisian reden (“reason”), Dutch reden (“reason”)). Doublet of ration and ratio.", "forms": [{"form": "reasons", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "reasoning", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "reasoned", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "reasoned", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "reason (third-person singular simple present reasons, present participle reasoning, simple past and past participle reasoned)", "name": "en-verb"}], "hyphenation": ["rea‧son"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1892, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Speckled Band:", "text": "\"I had,\" said he, \"come to an entirely erroneous conclusion which shows, my dear Watson, how dangerous it always is to reason from insufficient data. […]\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To deduce or come to a conclusion by being rational"], "links": [["deduce", "deduce"], ["rational", "rational"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To deduce or come to a conclusion by being rational"], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1853, Solomon Northup, chapter III, in [David Wilson], editor, Twelve Years a Slave. […], London: Sampson Low, Son & Co.; Auburn, N.Y.: Derby and Miller, →OCLC, page 47:", "text": "Still my spirit was not broken. I indulged the anticipation of escape, and that speedily. It was impossible, I reasoned, that men could be so unjust as to detain me as a slave, when the truth of my case was known.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2017, David Walliams [pseudonym; David Edward Williams], Bad Dad, London: HarperCollins Children’s Books, →ISBN:", "text": "“All right, Dad – I did follow you. But only because I was worried about you.”\n“Worried about me? I was worried about you! Hanging on to the roof of a speeding car! Are you nuts?”\n“It wasn’t moving when I climbed on to it,” reasoned the boy.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To perform a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to argue."], "links": [["convince", "convince"], ["confute", "confute"], ["argue", "argue"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To perform a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to argue."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["To converse; to compare opinions."], "links": [["converse", "converse"], ["opinion", "opinion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, obsolete) To converse; to compare opinions."], "tags": ["intransitive", "obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "I reasoned the matter with my friend.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1901, Ralph Connor, chapter 9, in The Man from Glengarry:", "text": "The talk was mainly between Aleck and Murdie, the others crowding eagerly about and putting in a word as they could. Murdie was reasoning good-humoredly, Aleck replying fiercely.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss."], "links": [["examine", "examine"], ["discuss", "discuss"], ["debate", "debate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(ambitransitive) To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss."], "tags": ["ambitransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To support with reasons, as a request."], "links": [["request", "request"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare) To support with reasons, as a request."], "tags": ["rare", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to reason one into a belief; to reason one out of his plan", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 10, in Emma: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:", "text": "That she was not immediately ready, Emma did suspect to arise from the state of her nerves; she had not yet possessed the instrument long enough to touch it without emotion; she must reason herself into the power of performance; and Emma could not but pity such feelings, whatever their origin, and could not but resolve never to expose them to her neighbour again.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To persuade by reasoning or argument."], "links": [["persuade", "persuade"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To persuade by reasoning or argument."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to reason down a passion"}], "glosses": ["To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons."], "links": [["down", "down"], ["overcome", "overcome"], ["conquer", "conquer"], ["adducing", "adduce"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, with down) To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons."], "tags": ["transitive", "with-down"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to reason out the causes of the librations of the moon"}], "glosses": ["To find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or argument."], "links": [["out", "out"], ["logical", "logical"], ["process", "process"], ["explain", "explain"], ["justify", "justify"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, usually with out) To find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or argument."], "raw_tags": ["with out"], "tags": ["transitive", "usually"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈɹiːzən/"}, {"ipa": "[ˈɹiːzn̩]", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈɹɪjzn̩]", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈɹɪjzən]", "tags": ["British", "Southern", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈɹi(ː)z(ə)n]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈɹiːz(ə)n]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"audio": "en-us-reason.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-reason.ogg/En-us-reason.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-reason.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-iːzən"}], "translations": [{"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "arësyetoj"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "razsǎždavam", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "разсъждавам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "raonar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "ræsonnere"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "overveje"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "redeneren"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "pohtia"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "järkeillä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "schlussfolgern"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "symperaíno", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "συμπεραίνω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "gondolkodik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "következtet"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "levezet"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "ragionare"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "resonnere"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "overveie"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "rozumować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "raciocinar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "rassuždátʹ", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "рассужда́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "uvažovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "usúdiť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "razonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to deduce by being rational", "word": "resonera"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "arësyetoj"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "mislja", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "мисля"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "raonar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "deduir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "induir"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "slutte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "redeneren"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "järkeillä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "schlussfolgern"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "symperaíno", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "συμπεραίνω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "érvel"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "indokol"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "ragionare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "argomentare"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "argumentar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "raciocinar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prodúmatʹ", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "проду́мать"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "uvažovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "argumentovať"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to perform a process of deduction or of induction", "word": "slutleda"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "argumentar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "debatre"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "vitázik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "vitatkozik"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "ragionare"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "diskutere fornuftig"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "przekonywać"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "przekonać"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to converse; to compare opinions", "word": "diskutera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ubeždavam", "sense": "to persuade by reasoning", "word": "убеждавам"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to persuade by reasoning", "word": "meggyőz"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to persuade by reasoning", "word": "ubeđivati"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to persuade by reasoning", "word": "ubjeđivati"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to persuade by reasoning", "word": "argumentera"}], "wikipedia": ["reason"], "word": "reason"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.