Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

dare/English/verb

Return to 'Debug messages subpage 2563'

dare/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English modal verbs", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰers-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 16 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "en:Leuciscine fish"], "derived": [{"word": "bedare"}, {"word": "daredevil"}, {"word": "daren't"}, {"word": "darer"}, {"word": "daresay"}, {"word": "dare say"}, {"word": "dare-say"}, {"word": "dare-saying"}, {"word": "daresn't"}, {"word": "daresome"}, {"word": "daring"}, {"word": "dassn't"}, {"word": "dasn't"}, {"word": "double dare"}, {"word": "double dog dare"}, {"word": "how dare you"}, {"word": "how very dare you"}, {"word": "I dare be bound"}, {"word": "outdare"}, {"word": "overdare"}, {"word": "triple dog dare"}, {"word": "undared"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰers-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "durren"}, "expansion": "Middle English durren", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "durran"}, "expansion": "Old English durran", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*durʀan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *durʀan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*durzaną", "4": "", "5": "to dare"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *durzaną (“to dare”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰedʰórse", "4": "", "5": "to dare"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse (“to dare”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "dören"}, "expansion": "Low German dören", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "durven"}, "expansion": "Dutch durven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "turren"}, "expansion": "German turren", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sa", "2": "दधर्ष", "tr": "dadhárṣa"}, "expansion": "Sanskrit दधर्ष (dadhárṣa)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "θρασύς"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sq", "2": "nder"}, "expansion": "Albanian nder", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "lt", "2": "drįsti"}, "expansion": "Lithuanian drįsti", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ru", "2": "дерза́ть"}, "expansion": "Russian дерза́ть (derzátʹ)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English durren, from Old English durran, from Proto-West Germanic *durʀan, from Proto-Germanic *durzaną (“to dare”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse (“to dare”), reduplicated stative of the root *dʰers- (“to be bold, to dare”), an *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).\nCognates\nCognate with Low German dören, Dutch durven, German turren, Sanskrit दधर्ष (dadhárṣa), but also with Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús), Albanian nder, Lithuanian drįsti, Russian дерза́ть (derzátʹ).", "forms": [{"form": "dare", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dares", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dast", "tags": ["archaic", "present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "daring", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "durst", "tags": ["archaic", "participle", "past"]}, {"form": "durst", "tags": ["archaic", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "dare", "2": "daring", "3": "dared", "past2": "durst", "past2_qual": "archaic", "past_ptc2": "durst", "past_ptc2_qual": "archaic", "pres_3sg2": "dares", "pres_3sg3": "dast", "pres_3sg3_qual": "archaic"}, "expansion": "dare (third-person singular simple present dare or dares or (archaic) dast, present participle daring, simple past and past participle dared or (archaic) durst)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "I wouldn't dare (to) argue with my boss.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:", "text": "The fellow dares not deceive me.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1832, Thomas Macaulay, Parliamentary Reform:", "text": "Why then did not the ministers use their new law? Because they durst not, because they could not.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To have enough courage (to do something)."], "links": [["courage", "courage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have enough courage (to do something)."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "I dare you to kiss that girl.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2018 December 1, Drachinifel, 9:26 from the start, in Anti-Slavery Patrols - The West Africa Squadron, archived from the original on 2024-11-29:", "text": "Particular note, in this period, should be made of the actions of Joseph Denman, commander of the Northern Division of the Squadron, who went on an absolutely ruthless and systematic campaign along the African coast, burning so-called \"slaving factories\" to the ground and openly daring anyone who objected to try and stop him.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To defy or challenge (someone to do something)."], "links": [["defy", "defy"], ["challenge", "challenge"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To defy or challenge (someone to do something)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "Will you dare death to reach your goal?", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1886, Clarence King, The Century:", "text": "To wrest it from barbarism, to dare its solitudes.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to."], "links": [["courage", "courage"], ["meet", "meet"], ["go", "go"], ["face up to", "face up to"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1608–1611, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Maid’s Tragedy”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act IV, scene i:", "text": "For I have done those follies, those mad mischiefs, Would dare a woman.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To terrify; to daunt."], "links": [["terrify", "terrify"], ["daunt", "daunt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To terrify; to daunt."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1516, John Skelton, Magnificence, Manchester University Press, →ISBN, page 35:", "text": "I have an hobby can make larks to dare", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):", "text": "dare us, like larks", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815, Church of England, Sermons: Or, Homilies, page 210:", "text": "How, think you, would that godly prince (if he were now living) handle our idols, set up against God's commandment directly, and being figures of nothing but folly, and for fools to gaze on, till they become as wise as the blocks themselves which they stare on, and so fall down as dared larks in that gaze, and being themselves alive, worship a dead stock or stone, gold or silver, and so become idolaters […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To drive larks to the ground by scaring them (for instance, with mirrors or hawks) so they can be caught in nets."], "links": [["lark", "lark"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic, transitive) To drive larks to the ground by scaring them (for instance, with mirrors or hawks) so they can be caught in nets."], "tags": ["archaic", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dɛə/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/dɛ(ə)ɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-dare.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg/En-us-dare.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"}, {"homophone": "dear"}, {"homophone": "deer (both cheer–chair merger)"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durf"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jaruʔa", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "جَرُؤَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hamarjakvel", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "համարձակվել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "handgnel", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "հանդգնել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cutedz"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dãldãsescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cãidisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dãvrãnsescu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cəsarət etmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ausartu"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "smjecʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "смець"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "advážvacca", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "адва́жвацца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "advážycca", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "адва́жыцца"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "smeja", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "смея"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "drǎzvam", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "дръзвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "gosar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atrevir-se"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "káⁿ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "gǎn", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "敢"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎngǎn", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "膽敢 /胆敢"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "odvážit se"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "troufat si"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "turde"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "vove"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "aŭdaci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "uskaltaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "oser"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "olsâ"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "gadaursan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "anananþjan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "tolmó", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "τολμώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tolmáō", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "τολμάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "he'éz", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "הֵעֵז"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "mer"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "merészel"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "þora"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "audacar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "usaltaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tohtia"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "roohtia"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osar"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "leomh"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ro·laimethar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "azzardarsi"}, {"alt": "あえてする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aete-suru", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "敢えてする"}, {"alt": "おもいきってする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "omoikitte-suru", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "思い切ってする"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wêrîn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "audeō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "drīkstēt"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "berani"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "usuɓuti"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "däär"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Mooring"], "word": "döre"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "våge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tore"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ausar"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Old Church Slavonic", "roman": "drŭznǫti", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дръзнѫти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "jor'at kardan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "جرأت کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "śmieć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "odważać się"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "odważyć się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ousar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atrever-se a"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "îndrăzni"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "încumeta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cuteza"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smetʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "сметь"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "posmétʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "посме́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osmélivatʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "осме́ливаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osmélitʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "осме́литься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otváživatʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "отва́живаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otvážitʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "отва́житься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "derzátʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дерза́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "derznútʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дерзну́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "dhṛṣṇoti", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "धृष्णोति"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "attriviri"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "nirbhīta", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "නිර්භීත"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "odvážiť sa"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "upati si"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atreverse"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "animarse"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "denodarse"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "-thubutu"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "våga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "töras"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tordas"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "smíty", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "смі́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "derzáty", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дерза́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "navážuvatysja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "нава́жуватися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "navážytysja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нава́житися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "olsar"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "onsar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dám"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "doare"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "daag"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "uitdaag"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taḥaddā", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "تَحَدَّى"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "predizvikvam", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "предизвиквам"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "vyzvat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "uitdagen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "tarten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "haastaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "défier"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "herausfordern"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "trotzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "kihív"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "fogad, hogy X nem mer"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "biztat"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "bujtogat"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "provokál"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "defiar"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "tabhair dúshlán"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "sfidare"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "audeō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "cabar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "utfordre"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "wyzywać"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "wyzwać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "desafiar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "brosátʹ výzov", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "броса́ть вы́зов"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "podzadórivatʹ", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "подзадо́ривать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "podzadóritʹ", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзадо́рить"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "desafiar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "retar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "utmana"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "thách"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "beiddio"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "meiddio"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "waag"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "wājaha", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "وَاجَهَ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osmeljavam se", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "осмелявам се"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "màoxiǎn", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "冒險 /冒险"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "odvažovat se"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskeren"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "uhmata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "affronter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskieren"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "dacol"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "affrontare"}, {"alt": "おかす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "okasu", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "冒す"}, {"alt": "こたえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kotaeru", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "堪える"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "audeo"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "risikere"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "jor'at dâštan", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "جرأت داشتن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ośmielać się"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "ośmielić się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "enfrentar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smélo smotrétʹ v licó", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "сме́ло смотре́ть в лицо́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "riskovátʹ", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "рискова́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "risknútʹ", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "рискну́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "afrontar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "enfrentar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskera"}], "wikipedia": ["dare"], "word": "dare"}

dare (English verb) dare/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English modal verbs", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰers-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 16 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "en:Leuciscine fish"], "derived": [{"word": "bedare"}, {"word": "daredevil"}, {"word": "daren't"}, {"word": "darer"}, {"word": "daresay"}, {"word": "dare say"}, {"word": "dare-say"}, {"word": "dare-saying"}, {"word": "daresn't"}, {"word": "daresome"}, {"word": "daring"}, {"word": "dassn't"}, {"word": "dasn't"}, {"word": "double dare"}, {"word": "double dog dare"}, {"word": "how dare you"}, {"word": "how very dare you"}, {"word": "I dare be bound"}, {"word": "outdare"}, {"word": "overdare"}, {"word": "triple dog dare"}, {"word": "undared"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰers-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "durren"}, "expansion": "Middle English durren", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "durran"}, "expansion": "Old English durran", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*durʀan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *durʀan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*durzaną", "4": "", "5": "to dare"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *durzaną (“to dare”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰedʰórse", "4": "", "5": "to dare"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse (“to dare”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "dören"}, "expansion": "Low German dören", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "durven"}, "expansion": "Dutch durven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "turren"}, "expansion": "German turren", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sa", "2": "दधर्ष", "tr": "dadhárṣa"}, "expansion": "Sanskrit दधर्ष (dadhárṣa)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "θρασύς"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sq", "2": "nder"}, "expansion": "Albanian nder", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "lt", "2": "drįsti"}, "expansion": "Lithuanian drįsti", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ru", "2": "дерза́ть"}, "expansion": "Russian дерза́ть (derzátʹ)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English durren, from Old English durran, from Proto-West Germanic *durʀan, from Proto-Germanic *durzaną (“to dare”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse (“to dare”), reduplicated stative of the root *dʰers- (“to be bold, to dare”), an *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).\nCognates\nCognate with Low German dören, Dutch durven, German turren, Sanskrit दधर्ष (dadhárṣa), but also with Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús), Albanian nder, Lithuanian drįsti, Russian дерза́ть (derzátʹ).", "forms": [{"form": "dare", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dares", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dast", "tags": ["archaic", "present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "daring", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "durst", "tags": ["archaic", "participle", "past"]}, {"form": "durst", "tags": ["archaic", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "dare", "2": "daring", "3": "dared", "past2": "durst", "past2_qual": "archaic", "past_ptc2": "durst", "past_ptc2_qual": "archaic", "pres_3sg2": "dares", "pres_3sg3": "dast", "pres_3sg3_qual": "archaic"}, "expansion": "dare (third-person singular simple present dare or dares or (archaic) dast, present participle daring, simple past and past participle dared or (archaic) durst)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "I wouldn't dare (to) argue with my boss.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:", "text": "The fellow dares not deceive me.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1832, Thomas Macaulay, Parliamentary Reform:", "text": "Why then did not the ministers use their new law? Because they durst not, because they could not.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To have enough courage (to do something)."], "links": [["courage", "courage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have enough courage (to do something)."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "I dare you to kiss that girl.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2018 December 1, Drachinifel, 9:26 from the start, in Anti-Slavery Patrols - The West Africa Squadron, archived from the original on 2024-11-29:", "text": "Particular note, in this period, should be made of the actions of Joseph Denman, commander of the Northern Division of the Squadron, who went on an absolutely ruthless and systematic campaign along the African coast, burning so-called \"slaving factories\" to the ground and openly daring anyone who objected to try and stop him.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To defy or challenge (someone to do something)."], "links": [["defy", "defy"], ["challenge", "challenge"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To defy or challenge (someone to do something)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "Will you dare death to reach your goal?", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1886, Clarence King, The Century:", "text": "To wrest it from barbarism, to dare its solitudes.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to."], "links": [["courage", "courage"], ["meet", "meet"], ["go", "go"], ["face up to", "face up to"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1608–1611, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Maid’s Tragedy”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act IV, scene i:", "text": "For I have done those follies, those mad mischiefs, Would dare a woman.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To terrify; to daunt."], "links": [["terrify", "terrify"], ["daunt", "daunt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To terrify; to daunt."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1516, John Skelton, Magnificence, Manchester University Press, →ISBN, page 35:", "text": "I have an hobby can make larks to dare", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):", "text": "dare us, like larks", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815, Church of England, Sermons: Or, Homilies, page 210:", "text": "How, think you, would that godly prince (if he were now living) handle our idols, set up against God's commandment directly, and being figures of nothing but folly, and for fools to gaze on, till they become as wise as the blocks themselves which they stare on, and so fall down as dared larks in that gaze, and being themselves alive, worship a dead stock or stone, gold or silver, and so become idolaters […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To drive larks to the ground by scaring them (for instance, with mirrors or hawks) so they can be caught in nets."], "links": [["lark", "lark"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic, transitive) To drive larks to the ground by scaring them (for instance, with mirrors or hawks) so they can be caught in nets."], "tags": ["archaic", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dɛə/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/dɛ(ə)ɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-dare.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg/En-us-dare.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"}, {"homophone": "dear"}, {"homophone": "deer (both cheer–chair merger)"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durf"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jaruʔa", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "جَرُؤَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hamarjakvel", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "համարձակվել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "handgnel", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "հանդգնել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cutedz"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dãldãsescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cãidisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dãvrãnsescu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cəsarət etmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ausartu"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "smjecʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "смець"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "advážvacca", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "адва́жвацца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "advážycca", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "адва́жыцца"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "smeja", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "смея"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "drǎzvam", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "дръзвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "gosar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atrevir-se"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "káⁿ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "gǎn", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "敢"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎngǎn", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "膽敢 /胆敢"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "odvážit se"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "troufat si"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "turde"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "vove"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "aŭdaci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "uskaltaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "oser"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "olsâ"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "gadaursan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "anananþjan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "tolmó", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "τολμώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tolmáō", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "τολμάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "he'éz", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "הֵעֵז"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "mer"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "merészel"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "þora"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "audacar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "usaltaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tohtia"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "roohtia"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osar"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "leomh"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ro·laimethar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "azzardarsi"}, {"alt": "あえてする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aete-suru", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "敢えてする"}, {"alt": "おもいきってする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "omoikitte-suru", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "思い切ってする"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wêrîn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "audeō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "drīkstēt"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "berani"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "usuɓuti"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "däär"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Mooring"], "word": "döre"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "våge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tore"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ausar"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Old Church Slavonic", "roman": "drŭznǫti", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дръзнѫти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "jor'at kardan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "جرأت کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "śmieć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "odważać się"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "odważyć się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ousar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atrever-se a"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "îndrăzni"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "încumeta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cuteza"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smetʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "сметь"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "posmétʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "посме́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osmélivatʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "осме́ливаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osmélitʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "осме́литься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otváživatʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "отва́живаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otvážitʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "отва́житься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "derzátʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дерза́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "derznútʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дерзну́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "dhṛṣṇoti", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "धृष्णोति"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "attriviri"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "nirbhīta", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "නිර්භීත"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "odvážiť sa"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "upati si"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atreverse"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "animarse"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "denodarse"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "-thubutu"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "våga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "töras"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tordas"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "smíty", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "смі́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "derzáty", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дерза́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "navážuvatysja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "нава́жуватися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "navážytysja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нава́житися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "olsar"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "onsar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dám"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "doare"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "daag"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "uitdaag"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taḥaddā", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "تَحَدَّى"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "predizvikvam", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "предизвиквам"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "vyzvat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "uitdagen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "tarten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "haastaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "défier"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "herausfordern"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "trotzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "kihív"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "fogad, hogy X nem mer"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "biztat"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "bujtogat"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "provokál"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "defiar"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "tabhair dúshlán"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "sfidare"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "audeō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "cabar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "utfordre"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "wyzywać"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "wyzwać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "desafiar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "brosátʹ výzov", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "броса́ть вы́зов"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "podzadórivatʹ", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "подзадо́ривать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "podzadóritʹ", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзадо́рить"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "desafiar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "retar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "utmana"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "thách"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "beiddio"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "meiddio"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "waag"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "wājaha", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "وَاجَهَ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osmeljavam se", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "осмелявам се"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "màoxiǎn", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "冒險 /冒险"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "odvažovat se"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskeren"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "uhmata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "affronter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskieren"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "dacol"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "affrontare"}, {"alt": "おかす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "okasu", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "冒す"}, {"alt": "こたえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kotaeru", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "堪える"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "audeo"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "risikere"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "jor'at dâštan", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "جرأت داشتن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ośmielać się"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "ośmielić się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "enfrentar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smélo smotrétʹ v licó", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "сме́ло смотре́ть в лицо́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "riskovátʹ", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "рискова́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "risknútʹ", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "рискну́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "afrontar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "enfrentar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskera"}], "wikipedia": ["dare"], "word": "dare"}

dare/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English modal verbs", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Pages with 16 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable", "en:Leuciscine fish"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "daren"}, "expansion": "Middle English daren", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "darian"}, "expansion": "Old English darian", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English daren, from Old English darian.", "forms": [{"form": "dares", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "daring", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dare (third-person singular simple present dares, present participle daring, simple past and past participle dared)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["To stare stupidly or vacantly; to gaze as though amazed or terrified."], "links": [["stare", "stare"], ["gaze", "gaze"], ["amazed", "amazed"], ["terrified", "terrified"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) To stare stupidly or vacantly; to gaze as though amazed or terrified."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["To lie or crouch down in fear."], "links": [["lie", "lie"], ["crouch", "crouch"], ["fear", "fear"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) To lie or crouch down in fear."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dɛə/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/dɛ(ə)ɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-dare.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg/En-us-dare.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"}, {"homophone": "dear"}, {"homophone": "deer (both cheer–chair merger)"}], "wikipedia": ["dare"], "word": "dare"}

dare (English verb) dare/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English modal verbs", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Pages with 16 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable", "en:Leuciscine fish"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "daren"}, "expansion": "Middle English daren", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "darian"}, "expansion": "Old English darian", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English daren, from Old English darian.", "forms": [{"form": "dares", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "daring", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dare (third-person singular simple present dares, present participle daring, simple past and past participle dared)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["To stare stupidly or vacantly; to gaze as though amazed or terrified."], "links": [["stare", "stare"], ["gaze", "gaze"], ["amazed", "amazed"], ["terrified", "terrified"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) To stare stupidly or vacantly; to gaze as though amazed or terrified."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["To lie or crouch down in fear."], "links": [["lie", "lie"], ["crouch", "crouch"], ["fear", "fear"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) To lie or crouch down in fear."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dɛə/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/dɛ(ə)ɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-dare.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg/En-us-dare.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"}, {"homophone": "dear"}, {"homophone": "deer (both cheer–chair merger)"}], "wikipedia": ["dare"], "word": "dare"}

dare/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English modal verbs", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰers-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 16 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "en:Leuciscine fish"], "derived": [{"word": "bedare"}, {"word": "daredevil"}, {"word": "daren't"}, {"word": "darer"}, {"word": "daresay"}, {"word": "dare say"}, {"word": "dare-say"}, {"word": "dare-saying"}, {"word": "daresn't"}, {"word": "daresome"}, {"word": "daring"}, {"word": "dassn't"}, {"word": "dasn't"}, {"word": "double dare"}, {"word": "double dog dare"}, {"word": "how dare you"}, {"word": "how very dare you"}, {"word": "I dare be bound"}, {"word": "outdare"}, {"word": "overdare"}, {"word": "triple dog dare"}, {"word": "undared"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰers-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "durren"}, "expansion": "Middle English durren", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "durran"}, "expansion": "Old English durran", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*durʀan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *durʀan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*durzaną", "4": "", "5": "to dare"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *durzaną (“to dare”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰedʰórse", "4": "", "5": "to dare"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse (“to dare”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "dören"}, "expansion": "Low German dören", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "durven"}, "expansion": "Dutch durven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "turren"}, "expansion": "German turren", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sa", "2": "दधर्ष", "tr": "dadhárṣa"}, "expansion": "Sanskrit दधर्ष (dadhárṣa)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "θρασύς"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sq", "2": "nder"}, "expansion": "Albanian nder", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "lt", "2": "drįsti"}, "expansion": "Lithuanian drįsti", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ru", "2": "дерза́ть"}, "expansion": "Russian дерза́ть (derzátʹ)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English durren, from Old English durran, from Proto-West Germanic *durʀan, from Proto-Germanic *durzaną (“to dare”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse (“to dare”), reduplicated stative of the root *dʰers- (“to be bold, to dare”), an *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).\nCognates\nCognate with Low German dören, Dutch durven, German turren, Sanskrit दधर्ष (dadhárṣa), but also with Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús), Albanian nder, Lithuanian drįsti, Russian дерза́ть (derzátʹ).", "forms": [{"form": "dare", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dares", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dast", "tags": ["archaic", "present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "daring", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "durst", "tags": ["archaic", "participle", "past"]}, {"form": "durst", "tags": ["archaic", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "dare", "2": "daring", "3": "dared", "past2": "durst", "past2_qual": "archaic", "past_ptc2": "durst", "past_ptc2_qual": "archaic", "pres_3sg2": "dares", "pres_3sg3": "dast", "pres_3sg3_qual": "archaic"}, "expansion": "dare (third-person singular simple present dare or dares or (archaic) dast, present participle daring, simple past and past participle dared or (archaic) durst)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "I wouldn't dare (to) argue with my boss.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:", "text": "The fellow dares not deceive me.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1832, Thomas Macaulay, Parliamentary Reform:", "text": "Why then did not the ministers use their new law? Because they durst not, because they could not.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To have enough courage (to do something)."], "links": [["courage", "courage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have enough courage (to do something)."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "I dare you to kiss that girl.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2018 December 1, Drachinifel, 9:26 from the start, in Anti-Slavery Patrols - The West Africa Squadron, archived from the original on 2024-11-29:", "text": "Particular note, in this period, should be made of the actions of Joseph Denman, commander of the Northern Division of the Squadron, who went on an absolutely ruthless and systematic campaign along the African coast, burning so-called \"slaving factories\" to the ground and openly daring anyone who objected to try and stop him.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To defy or challenge (someone to do something)."], "links": [["defy", "defy"], ["challenge", "challenge"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To defy or challenge (someone to do something)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "Will you dare death to reach your goal?", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1886, Clarence King, The Century:", "text": "To wrest it from barbarism, to dare its solitudes.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to."], "links": [["courage", "courage"], ["meet", "meet"], ["go", "go"], ["face up to", "face up to"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1608–1611, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Maid’s Tragedy”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act IV, scene i:", "text": "For I have done those follies, those mad mischiefs, Would dare a woman.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To terrify; to daunt."], "links": [["terrify", "terrify"], ["daunt", "daunt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To terrify; to daunt."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1516, John Skelton, Magnificence, Manchester University Press, →ISBN, page 35:", "text": "I have an hobby can make larks to dare", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):", "text": "dare us, like larks", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815, Church of England, Sermons: Or, Homilies, page 210:", "text": "How, think you, would that godly prince (if he were now living) handle our idols, set up against God's commandment directly, and being figures of nothing but folly, and for fools to gaze on, till they become as wise as the blocks themselves which they stare on, and so fall down as dared larks in that gaze, and being themselves alive, worship a dead stock or stone, gold or silver, and so become idolaters […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To drive larks to the ground by scaring them (for instance, with mirrors or hawks) so they can be caught in nets."], "links": [["lark", "lark"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic, transitive) To drive larks to the ground by scaring them (for instance, with mirrors or hawks) so they can be caught in nets."], "tags": ["archaic", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dɛə/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/dɛ(ə)ɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-dare.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg/En-us-dare.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"}, {"homophone": "dear"}, {"homophone": "deer (both cheer–chair merger)"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durf"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jaruʔa", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "جَرُؤَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hamarjakvel", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "համարձակվել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "handgnel", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "հանդգնել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cutedz"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dãldãsescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cãidisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dãvrãnsescu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cəsarət etmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ausartu"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "smjecʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "смець"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "advážvacca", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "адва́жвацца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "advážycca", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "адва́жыцца"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "smeja", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "смея"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "drǎzvam", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "дръзвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "gosar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atrevir-se"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "káⁿ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "gǎn", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "敢"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎngǎn", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "膽敢 /胆敢"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "odvážit se"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "troufat si"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "turde"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "vove"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "aŭdaci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "uskaltaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "oser"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "olsâ"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "gadaursan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "anananþjan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "tolmó", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "τολμώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tolmáō", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "τολμάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "he'éz", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "הֵעֵז"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "mer"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "merészel"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "þora"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "audacar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "usaltaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tohtia"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "roohtia"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osar"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "leomh"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ro·laimethar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "azzardarsi"}, {"alt": "あえてする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aete-suru", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "敢えてする"}, {"alt": "おもいきってする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "omoikitte-suru", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "思い切ってする"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wêrîn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "audeō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "drīkstēt"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "berani"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "usuɓuti"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "däär"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Mooring"], "word": "döre"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "våge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tore"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ausar"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Old Church Slavonic", "roman": "drŭznǫti", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дръзнѫти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "jor'at kardan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "جرأت کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "śmieć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "odważać się"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "odważyć się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ousar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atrever-se a"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "îndrăzni"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "încumeta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cuteza"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smetʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "сметь"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "posmétʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "посме́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osmélivatʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "осме́ливаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osmélitʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "осме́литься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otváživatʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "отва́живаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otvážitʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "отва́житься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "derzátʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дерза́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "derznútʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дерзну́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "dhṛṣṇoti", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "धृष्णोति"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "attriviri"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "nirbhīta", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "නිර්භීත"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "odvážiť sa"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "upati si"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atreverse"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "animarse"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "denodarse"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "-thubutu"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "våga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "töras"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tordas"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "smíty", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "смі́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "derzáty", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дерза́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "navážuvatysja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "нава́жуватися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "navážytysja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нава́житися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "olsar"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "onsar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dám"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "doare"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "daag"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "uitdaag"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taḥaddā", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "تَحَدَّى"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "predizvikvam", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "предизвиквам"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "vyzvat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "uitdagen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "tarten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "haastaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "défier"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "herausfordern"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "trotzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "kihív"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "fogad, hogy X nem mer"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "biztat"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "bujtogat"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "provokál"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "defiar"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "tabhair dúshlán"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "sfidare"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "audeō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "cabar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "utfordre"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "wyzywać"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "wyzwać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "desafiar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "brosátʹ výzov", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "броса́ть вы́зов"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "podzadórivatʹ", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "подзадо́ривать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "podzadóritʹ", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзадо́рить"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "desafiar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "retar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "utmana"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "thách"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "beiddio"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "meiddio"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "waag"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "wājaha", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "وَاجَهَ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osmeljavam se", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "осмелявам се"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "màoxiǎn", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "冒險 /冒险"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "odvažovat se"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskeren"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "uhmata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "affronter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskieren"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "dacol"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "affrontare"}, {"alt": "おかす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "okasu", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "冒す"}, {"alt": "こたえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kotaeru", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "堪える"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "audeo"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "risikere"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "jor'at dâštan", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "جرأت داشتن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ośmielać się"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "ośmielić się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "enfrentar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smélo smotrétʹ v licó", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "сме́ло смотре́ть в лицо́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "riskovátʹ", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "рискова́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "risknútʹ", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "рискну́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "afrontar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "enfrentar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskera"}], "wikipedia": ["dare"], "word": "dare"}

dare (English verb) dare/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English modal verbs", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰers-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 16 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "en:Leuciscine fish"], "derived": [{"word": "bedare"}, {"word": "daredevil"}, {"word": "daren't"}, {"word": "darer"}, {"word": "daresay"}, {"word": "dare say"}, {"word": "dare-say"}, {"word": "dare-saying"}, {"word": "daresn't"}, {"word": "daresome"}, {"word": "daring"}, {"word": "dassn't"}, {"word": "dasn't"}, {"word": "double dare"}, {"word": "double dog dare"}, {"word": "how dare you"}, {"word": "how very dare you"}, {"word": "I dare be bound"}, {"word": "outdare"}, {"word": "overdare"}, {"word": "triple dog dare"}, {"word": "undared"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰers-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "durren"}, "expansion": "Middle English durren", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "durran"}, "expansion": "Old English durran", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*durʀan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *durʀan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*durzaną", "4": "", "5": "to dare"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *durzaną (“to dare”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰedʰórse", "4": "", "5": "to dare"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse (“to dare”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "dören"}, "expansion": "Low German dören", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "durven"}, "expansion": "Dutch durven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "turren"}, "expansion": "German turren", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sa", "2": "दधर्ष", "tr": "dadhárṣa"}, "expansion": "Sanskrit दधर्ष (dadhárṣa)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grc", "2": "θρασύς"}, "expansion": "Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sq", "2": "nder"}, "expansion": "Albanian nder", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "lt", "2": "drįsti"}, "expansion": "Lithuanian drįsti", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ru", "2": "дерза́ть"}, "expansion": "Russian дерза́ть (derzátʹ)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English durren, from Old English durran, from Proto-West Germanic *durʀan, from Proto-Germanic *durzaną (“to dare”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰórse (“to dare”), reduplicated stative of the root *dʰers- (“to be bold, to dare”), an *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).\nCognates\nCognate with Low German dören, Dutch durven, German turren, Sanskrit दधर्ष (dadhárṣa), but also with Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús), Albanian nder, Lithuanian drįsti, Russian дерза́ть (derzátʹ).", "forms": [{"form": "dare", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dares", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dast", "tags": ["archaic", "present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "daring", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "durst", "tags": ["archaic", "participle", "past"]}, {"form": "durst", "tags": ["archaic", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "dare", "2": "daring", "3": "dared", "past2": "durst", "past2_qual": "archaic", "past_ptc2": "durst", "past_ptc2_qual": "archaic", "pres_3sg2": "dares", "pres_3sg3": "dast", "pres_3sg3_qual": "archaic"}, "expansion": "dare (third-person singular simple present dare or dares or (archaic) dast, present participle daring, simple past and past participle dared or (archaic) durst)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "I wouldn't dare (to) argue with my boss.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:", "text": "The fellow dares not deceive me.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1832, Thomas Macaulay, Parliamentary Reform:", "text": "Why then did not the ministers use their new law? Because they durst not, because they could not.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To have enough courage (to do something)."], "links": [["courage", "courage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have enough courage (to do something)."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "I dare you to kiss that girl.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2018 December 1, Drachinifel, 9:26 from the start, in Anti-Slavery Patrols - The West Africa Squadron, archived from the original on 2024-11-29:", "text": "Particular note, in this period, should be made of the actions of Joseph Denman, commander of the Northern Division of the Squadron, who went on an absolutely ruthless and systematic campaign along the African coast, burning so-called \"slaving factories\" to the ground and openly daring anyone who objected to try and stop him.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To defy or challenge (someone to do something)."], "links": [["defy", "defy"], ["challenge", "challenge"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To defy or challenge (someone to do something)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "Will you dare death to reach your goal?", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1886, Clarence King, The Century:", "text": "To wrest it from barbarism, to dare its solitudes.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to."], "links": [["courage", "courage"], ["meet", "meet"], ["go", "go"], ["face up to", "face up to"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1608–1611, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “The Maid’s Tragedy”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act IV, scene i:", "text": "For I have done those follies, those mad mischiefs, Would dare a woman.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To terrify; to daunt."], "links": [["terrify", "terrify"], ["daunt", "daunt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To terrify; to daunt."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1516, John Skelton, Magnificence, Manchester University Press, →ISBN, page 35:", "text": "I have an hobby can make larks to dare", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):", "text": "dare us, like larks", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815, Church of England, Sermons: Or, Homilies, page 210:", "text": "How, think you, would that godly prince (if he were now living) handle our idols, set up against God's commandment directly, and being figures of nothing but folly, and for fools to gaze on, till they become as wise as the blocks themselves which they stare on, and so fall down as dared larks in that gaze, and being themselves alive, worship a dead stock or stone, gold or silver, and so become idolaters […]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To drive larks to the ground by scaring them (for instance, with mirrors or hawks) so they can be caught in nets."], "links": [["lark", "lark"]], "raw_glosses": ["(archaic, transitive) To drive larks to the ground by scaring them (for instance, with mirrors or hawks) so they can be caught in nets."], "tags": ["archaic", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dɛə/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/dɛ(ə)ɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-dare.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg/En-us-dare.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"}, {"homophone": "dear"}, {"homophone": "deer (both cheer–chair merger)"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durf"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jaruʔa", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "جَرُؤَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "hamarjakvel", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "համարձակվել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "handgnel", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "հանդգնել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cutedz"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dãldãsescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cãidisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dãvrãnsescu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cəsarət etmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ausartu"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "smjecʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "смець"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "advážvacca", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "адва́жвацца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "advážycca", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "адва́жыцца"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "smeja", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "смея"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "drǎzvam", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "дръзвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "gosar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atrevir-se"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "káⁿ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "gǎn", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "敢"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎngǎn", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "膽敢 /胆敢"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "odvážit se"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "troufat si"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "turde"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "vove"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "aŭdaci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "uskaltaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "oser"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "olsâ"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "gadaursan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "anananþjan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "tolmó", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "τολμώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "tolmáō", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "τολμάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "he'éz", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "הֵעֵז"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "mer"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "merészel"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "þora"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "audacar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "usaltaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tohtia"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "roohtia"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osar"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "leomh"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ro·laimethar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "azzardarsi"}, {"alt": "あえてする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aete-suru", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "敢えてする"}, {"alt": "おもいきってする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "omoikitte-suru", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "思い切ってする"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "wêrîn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "audeō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "drīkstēt"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "berani"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "usuɓuti"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "däär"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["Mooring"], "word": "döre"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "våge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tore"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ausar"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Old Church Slavonic", "roman": "drŭznǫti", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дръзнѫти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "durran"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "jor'at kardan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "جرأت کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "śmieć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "odważać się"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "odważyć się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "ousar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atrever-se a"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "îndrăzni"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "încumeta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "cuteza"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smetʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "сметь"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "posmétʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "посме́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osmélivatʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "осме́ливаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "osmélitʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "осме́литься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otváživatʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "отва́живаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "otvážitʹsja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "отва́житься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "derzátʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дерза́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "derznútʹ", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дерзну́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "dhṛṣṇoti", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "धृष्णोति"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "attriviri"}, {"code": "si", "lang": "Sinhalese", "roman": "nirbhīta", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "නිර්භීත"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "odvážiť sa"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "upati si"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "osar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "atreverse"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "animarse"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "denodarse"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "-thubutu"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "våga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "töras"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "tordas"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "smíty", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "смі́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "derzáty", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дерза́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "navážuvatysja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "нава́жуватися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "navážytysja", "sense": "to have courage", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нава́житися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "olsar"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "onsar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "dám"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to have courage", "word": "doare"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "daag"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "uitdaag"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "taḥaddā", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "تَحَدَّى"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "predizvikvam", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "предизвиквам"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "vyzvat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "uitdagen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "tarten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "haastaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "défier"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "herausfordern"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "trotzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "kihív"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "fogad, hogy X nem mer"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "biztat"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "bujtogat"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "provokál"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "defiar"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "tabhair dúshlán"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "sfidare"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "audeō"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "cabar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "utfordre"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "wyzywać"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "wyzwać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "desafiar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "brosátʹ výzov", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "броса́ть вы́зов"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "podzadórivatʹ", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "подзадо́ривать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "podzadóritʹ", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзадо́рить"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "desafiar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "retar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "utmana"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "thách"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "beiddio"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to defy or challenge", "word": "meiddio"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "waag"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "wājaha", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "وَاجَهَ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osmeljavam se", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "осмелявам се"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "màoxiǎn", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "冒險 /冒险"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "odvažovat se"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskeren"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "wagen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "uhmata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "affronter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskieren"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "dacol"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "affrontare"}, {"alt": "おかす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "okasu", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "冒す"}, {"alt": "こたえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kotaeru", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "堪える"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "audeo"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "risikere"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "jor'at dâštan", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "جرأت داشتن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ośmielać się"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "ośmielić się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "enfrentar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "smélo smotrétʹ v licó", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "сме́ло смотре́ть в лицо́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "riskovátʹ", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "рискова́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "risknútʹ", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "рискну́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "afrontar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "enfrentar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to brave or face up to", "word": "riskera"}], "wikipedia": ["dare"], "word": "dare"}

dare/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English modal verbs", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Pages with 16 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable", "en:Leuciscine fish"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "daren"}, "expansion": "Middle English daren", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "darian"}, "expansion": "Old English darian", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English daren, from Old English darian.", "forms": [{"form": "dares", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "daring", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dare (third-person singular simple present dares, present participle daring, simple past and past participle dared)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["To stare stupidly or vacantly; to gaze as though amazed or terrified."], "links": [["stare", "stare"], ["gaze", "gaze"], ["amazed", "amazed"], ["terrified", "terrified"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) To stare stupidly or vacantly; to gaze as though amazed or terrified."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["To lie or crouch down in fear."], "links": [["lie", "lie"], ["crouch", "crouch"], ["fear", "fear"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) To lie or crouch down in fear."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dɛə/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/dɛ(ə)ɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-dare.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg/En-us-dare.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"}, {"homophone": "dear"}, {"homophone": "deer (both cheer–chair merger)"}], "wikipedia": ["dare"], "word": "dare"}

dare (English verb) dare/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English modal verbs", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Pages with 16 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɛə(ɹ)/1 syllable", "en:Leuciscine fish"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "daren"}, "expansion": "Middle English daren", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "darian"}, "expansion": "Old English darian", "name": "inh"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English daren, from Old English darian.", "forms": [{"form": "dares", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "daring", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dared", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dare (third-person singular simple present dares, present participle daring, simple past and past participle dared)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["To stare stupidly or vacantly; to gaze as though amazed or terrified."], "links": [["stare", "stare"], ["gaze", "gaze"], ["amazed", "amazed"], ["terrified", "terrified"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) To stare stupidly or vacantly; to gaze as though amazed or terrified."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["To lie or crouch down in fear."], "links": [["lie", "lie"], ["crouch", "crouch"], ["fear", "fear"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) To lie or crouch down in fear."], "tags": ["obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dɛə/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/dɛ(ə)ɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-dare.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg/En-us-dare.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-dare.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɛə(ɹ)"}, {"homophone": "dear"}, {"homophone": "deer (both cheer–chair merger)"}], "wikipedia": ["dare"], "word": "dare"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f074e77 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.