back (English adv) back/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Norman translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Requests for translations into Romanian", "Rhymes:English/æk", "Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable", "Terms with Abaga translations", "Terms with Acehnese translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Argobba translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Inari Sami translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Iranun translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kankanaey translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lezgi translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luhya translations", "Terms with Lushootseed translations", "Terms with Lutuv translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Maricopa translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Moksha translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Nivkh translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old Czech translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Phoenician translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Southern Sami translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tabasaran translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarifit translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Tok Pisin translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Udi translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Waray-Waray translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zealandic translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with Zulu translations", "en:Alcoholic beverages", "en:Body parts"], "derived": [{"word": "spring forward, fall back"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bak"}, "expansion": "Middle English bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bæc"}, "expansion": "Old English bæc", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bak"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baką"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeg-", "t": "to bend"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bak", "t": "back"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bekling", "t": "chair back"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "bah"}, "expansion": "Old High German bah", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Swedish", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "no", "2": "bak"}, "expansion": "Norwegian bak", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Bache", "3": "", "4": "sow adult female hog"}, "expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", "forms": [{"form": "further back", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "furthest back", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "further"}, "expansion": "back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)", "name": "en-adv"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He gave back the money.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I left my mobile phone back at the hotel. I’ll have to go back and get it.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To or in a previous condition or place."], "links": [["previous", "previous"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Someone pushed me in the chest and I fell back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The grandfather clock toppled back and crashed to the ground.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Her arm was bent back at an odd angle.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Wind the film back a few frames.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Don’t forget to put the clocks back by one hour tonight!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This mishap has set the project back considerably.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "These records go back years.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He built a time machine and travelled back to 1800.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Think back to how you felt last year.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Everything was simpler back in the old days.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Towards, into or in the past."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Keep back! It could explode at any moment!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Away from someone or something; at a distance."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Sit all the way back in your chair.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Step back from the curb.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Away from the front or from an edge."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This tree is dying back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Clear back all this vegetation.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Draw back the curtains and let in some light.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Fear held him back.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a manner that impedes."], "links": [["impede", "impede"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "If you hurt me, I’ll hurt you back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The light bounces back off the mirror.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Pat, 34:52 from the start, in Penn Radio:", "text": "I was at Park Safari Africa in Canada on the Canadian border. This was years ago outside of Plattsburgh, New York. And I had a new car at the time, and I was driving through, going through the monkey area. And they said 'beware of the monkeys.' So about ten of them circled my car. And this one special one, like he was the leader of the pack, jumped up on the hood and came right up to the windshield and looked in. So I was like making faces at him. [garbled] 'don't do that!' And believe it or not, he made like a face back. He jumped off the car. He took his fingernails and he peeled all the chrome on both sides of my car off. Picked it up, jumped on the hood, dropped it and left- looked at me and left.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "links": [["reciprocal", "reciprocal"], ["in return", "in return"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We met many years back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I last saw him a day or two back.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1822, John Woods, Two Years' Residence in the Settlement on the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United States, page 138:", "text": "Our road was chiefly through woods, and part of it lay through the Hurricane-track, that is where a strong wind, some years back, opened a passage through the woods for a mile in breadth...", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Earlier, ago."], "links": [["Earlier", "earlier"], ["ago", "ago"]], "raw_glosses": ["(postpositive) Earlier, ago."], "tags": ["postpositional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To a later point in time. See also put back."], "links": [["put back", "put back#English"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bæk/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bæk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-k̚]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-ˀk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-back.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg/En-us-back.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bax]", "tags": ["Scouse"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[bäk]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"rhymes": "-æk"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "et", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ետ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "kire", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "кире"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bh", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "pīchē", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiànghòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "向後 /向后"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "後 /后"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbage"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tagasi"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "takaisin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de retour"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "uḳan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "უკან"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zurück"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "wieder da"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "aftra", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "píso", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "πίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "opísō", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ὀπίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "áps", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ἄψ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "aûtis", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Epic"], "word": "αὖτις"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "वापस"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "pīche", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "vissza"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "til baka"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ar ais"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "a posto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "modori", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "戻り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "moto no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元の"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "motodōri", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元通り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "izen no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "以前の"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retrō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "atpakaļ"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgiž"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgižpēḑõn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ruovttoluotta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "attende"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "berta", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "بېرته"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "z powrotem"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de volta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "înapoi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vspjatʹ", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "вспять"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "punar", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पुनर्"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "назад"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "späť"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "hacia atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de vuelta"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de regreso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tillbaka"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venuka", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "వెనుక"}, {"code": "tpi", "lang": "Tok Pisin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "bek"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "واپس"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indrìo"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lùi lại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lại"}, {"code": "war", "lang": "Waray-Waray", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "yn ôl"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "werom"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "tsurik", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "צוריק"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "artqa", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "артҡа"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atzera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "endarrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hóumiàn de", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "後面的 /后面的"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "vzadu"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dozadu"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "malantaŭe"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poste"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "kauemmas"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poispäin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "pois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "mögé"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "šâta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "شاته"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "wrusta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "وروسته"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "arredro"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venakki", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "వెనక్కి"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tegen"}, {"code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "megbe"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "kiinni"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "estäen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "hilliten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "pidätellen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tillbaka"}], "wikipedia": ["back"], "word": "back"}
back (English adv) back/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Norman translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Requests for translations into Romanian", "Rhymes:English/æk", "Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable", "Terms with Abaga translations", "Terms with Acehnese translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Argobba translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Inari Sami translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Iranun translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kankanaey translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lezgi translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luhya translations", "Terms with Lushootseed translations", "Terms with Lutuv translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Maricopa translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Moksha translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Nivkh translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old Czech translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Phoenician translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Southern Sami translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tabasaran translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarifit translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Tok Pisin translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Udi translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Waray-Waray translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zealandic translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with Zulu translations", "en:Alcoholic beverages", "en:Body parts"], "derived": [{"word": "spring forward, fall back"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bak"}, "expansion": "Middle English bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bæc"}, "expansion": "Old English bæc", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bak"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baką"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeg-", "t": "to bend"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bak", "t": "back"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bekling", "t": "chair back"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "bah"}, "expansion": "Old High German bah", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Swedish", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "no", "2": "bak"}, "expansion": "Norwegian bak", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Bache", "3": "", "4": "sow adult female hog"}, "expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", "forms": [{"form": "further back", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "furthest back", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "further"}, "expansion": "back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)", "name": "en-adv"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He gave back the money.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I left my mobile phone back at the hotel. I’ll have to go back and get it.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To or in a previous condition or place."], "links": [["previous", "previous"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Someone pushed me in the chest and I fell back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The grandfather clock toppled back and crashed to the ground.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Her arm was bent back at an odd angle.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Wind the film back a few frames.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Don’t forget to put the clocks back by one hour tonight!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This mishap has set the project back considerably.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "These records go back years.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He built a time machine and travelled back to 1800.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Think back to how you felt last year.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Everything was simpler back in the old days.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Towards, into or in the past."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Keep back! It could explode at any moment!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Away from someone or something; at a distance."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Sit all the way back in your chair.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Step back from the curb.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Away from the front or from an edge."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This tree is dying back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Clear back all this vegetation.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Draw back the curtains and let in some light.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Fear held him back.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a manner that impedes."], "links": [["impede", "impede"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "If you hurt me, I’ll hurt you back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The light bounces back off the mirror.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Pat, 34:52 from the start, in Penn Radio:", "text": "I was at Park Safari Africa in Canada on the Canadian border. This was years ago outside of Plattsburgh, New York. And I had a new car at the time, and I was driving through, going through the monkey area. And they said 'beware of the monkeys.' So about ten of them circled my car. And this one special one, like he was the leader of the pack, jumped up on the hood and came right up to the windshield and looked in. So I was like making faces at him. [garbled] 'don't do that!' And believe it or not, he made like a face back. He jumped off the car. He took his fingernails and he peeled all the chrome on both sides of my car off. Picked it up, jumped on the hood, dropped it and left- looked at me and left.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "links": [["reciprocal", "reciprocal"], ["in return", "in return"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We met many years back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I last saw him a day or two back.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1822, John Woods, Two Years' Residence in the Settlement on the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United States, page 138:", "text": "Our road was chiefly through woods, and part of it lay through the Hurricane-track, that is where a strong wind, some years back, opened a passage through the woods for a mile in breadth...", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Earlier, ago."], "links": [["Earlier", "earlier"], ["ago", "ago"]], "raw_glosses": ["(postpositive) Earlier, ago."], "tags": ["postpositional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To a later point in time. See also put back."], "links": [["put back", "put back#English"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bæk/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bæk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-k̚]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-ˀk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-back.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg/En-us-back.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bax]", "tags": ["Scouse"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[bäk]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"rhymes": "-æk"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "et", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ետ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "kire", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "кире"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bh", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "pīchē", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiànghòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "向後 /向后"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "後 /后"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbage"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tagasi"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "takaisin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de retour"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "uḳan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "უკან"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zurück"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "wieder da"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "aftra", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "píso", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "πίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "opísō", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ὀπίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "áps", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ἄψ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "aûtis", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Epic"], "word": "αὖτις"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "वापस"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "pīche", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "vissza"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "til baka"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ar ais"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "a posto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "modori", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "戻り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "moto no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元の"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "motodōri", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元通り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "izen no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "以前の"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retrō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "atpakaļ"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgiž"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgižpēḑõn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ruovttoluotta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "attende"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "berta", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "بېرته"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "z powrotem"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de volta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "înapoi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vspjatʹ", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "вспять"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "punar", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पुनर्"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "назад"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "späť"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "hacia atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de vuelta"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de regreso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tillbaka"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venuka", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "వెనుక"}, {"code": "tpi", "lang": "Tok Pisin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "bek"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "واپس"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indrìo"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lùi lại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lại"}, {"code": "war", "lang": "Waray-Waray", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "yn ôl"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "werom"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "tsurik", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "צוריק"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "artqa", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "артҡа"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atzera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "endarrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hóumiàn de", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "後面的 /后面的"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "vzadu"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dozadu"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "malantaŭe"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poste"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "kauemmas"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poispäin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "pois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "mögé"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "šâta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "شاته"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "wrusta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "وروسته"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "arredro"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venakki", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "వెనక్కి"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tegen"}, {"code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "megbe"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "kiinni"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "estäen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "hilliten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "pidätellen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tillbaka"}], "wikipedia": ["back"], "word": "back"}
back (English adv) back/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Norman translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Requests for translations into Romanian", "Rhymes:English/æk", "Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable", "Terms with Abaga translations", "Terms with Acehnese translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Argobba translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Inari Sami translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Iranun translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kankanaey translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lezgi translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luhya translations", "Terms with Lushootseed translations", "Terms with Lutuv translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Maricopa translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Moksha translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Nivkh translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old Czech translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Phoenician translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Southern Sami translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tabasaran translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarifit translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Tok Pisin translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Udi translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Waray-Waray translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zealandic translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with Zulu translations", "en:Alcoholic beverages", "en:Body parts"], "derived": [{"word": "spring forward, fall back"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bak"}, "expansion": "Middle English bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bæc"}, "expansion": "Old English bæc", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bak"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baką"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeg-", "t": "to bend"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bak", "t": "back"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bekling", "t": "chair back"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "bah"}, "expansion": "Old High German bah", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Swedish", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "no", "2": "bak"}, "expansion": "Norwegian bak", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Bache", "3": "", "4": "sow adult female hog"}, "expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", "forms": [{"form": "further back", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "furthest back", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "further"}, "expansion": "back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)", "name": "en-adv"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He gave back the money.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I left my mobile phone back at the hotel. I’ll have to go back and get it.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To or in a previous condition or place."], "links": [["previous", "previous"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Someone pushed me in the chest and I fell back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The grandfather clock toppled back and crashed to the ground.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Her arm was bent back at an odd angle.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Wind the film back a few frames.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Don’t forget to put the clocks back by one hour tonight!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This mishap has set the project back considerably.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "These records go back years.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He built a time machine and travelled back to 1800.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Think back to how you felt last year.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Everything was simpler back in the old days.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Towards, into or in the past."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Keep back! It could explode at any moment!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Away from someone or something; at a distance."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Sit all the way back in your chair.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Step back from the curb.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Away from the front or from an edge."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This tree is dying back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Clear back all this vegetation.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Draw back the curtains and let in some light.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Fear held him back.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a manner that impedes."], "links": [["impede", "impede"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "If you hurt me, I’ll hurt you back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The light bounces back off the mirror.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Pat, 34:52 from the start, in Penn Radio:", "text": "I was at Park Safari Africa in Canada on the Canadian border. This was years ago outside of Plattsburgh, New York. And I had a new car at the time, and I was driving through, going through the monkey area. And they said 'beware of the monkeys.' So about ten of them circled my car. And this one special one, like he was the leader of the pack, jumped up on the hood and came right up to the windshield and looked in. So I was like making faces at him. [garbled] 'don't do that!' And believe it or not, he made like a face back. He jumped off the car. He took his fingernails and he peeled all the chrome on both sides of my car off. Picked it up, jumped on the hood, dropped it and left- looked at me and left.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "links": [["reciprocal", "reciprocal"], ["in return", "in return"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We met many years back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I last saw him a day or two back.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1822, John Woods, Two Years' Residence in the Settlement on the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United States, page 138:", "text": "Our road was chiefly through woods, and part of it lay through the Hurricane-track, that is where a strong wind, some years back, opened a passage through the woods for a mile in breadth...", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Earlier, ago."], "links": [["Earlier", "earlier"], ["ago", "ago"]], "raw_glosses": ["(postpositive) Earlier, ago."], "tags": ["postpositional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To a later point in time. See also put back."], "links": [["put back", "put back#English"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bæk/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bæk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-k̚]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-ˀk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-back.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg/En-us-back.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bax]", "tags": ["Scouse"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[bäk]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"rhymes": "-æk"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "et", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ետ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "kire", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "кире"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bh", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "pīchē", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiànghòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "向後 /向后"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "後 /后"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbage"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tagasi"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "takaisin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de retour"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "uḳan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "უკან"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zurück"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "wieder da"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "aftra", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "píso", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "πίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "opísō", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ὀπίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "áps", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ἄψ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "aûtis", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Epic"], "word": "αὖτις"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "वापस"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "pīche", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "vissza"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "til baka"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ar ais"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "a posto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "modori", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "戻り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "moto no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元の"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "motodōri", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元通り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "izen no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "以前の"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retrō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "atpakaļ"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgiž"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgižpēḑõn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ruovttoluotta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "attende"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "berta", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "بېرته"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "z powrotem"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de volta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "înapoi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vspjatʹ", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "вспять"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "punar", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पुनर्"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "назад"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "späť"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "hacia atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de vuelta"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de regreso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tillbaka"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venuka", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "వెనుక"}, {"code": "tpi", "lang": "Tok Pisin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "bek"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "واپس"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indrìo"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lùi lại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lại"}, {"code": "war", "lang": "Waray-Waray", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "yn ôl"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "werom"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "tsurik", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "צוריק"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "artqa", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "артҡа"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atzera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "endarrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hóumiàn de", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "後面的 /后面的"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "vzadu"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dozadu"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "malantaŭe"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poste"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "kauemmas"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poispäin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "pois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "mögé"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "šâta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "شاته"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "wrusta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "وروسته"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "arredro"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venakki", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "వెనక్కి"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tegen"}, {"code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "megbe"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "kiinni"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "estäen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "hilliten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "pidätellen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tillbaka"}], "wikipedia": ["back"], "word": "back"}
back (English adv) back/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 6 entries", 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"Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Inari Sami translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Iranun translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kankanaey translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lezgi translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luhya translations", "Terms with Lushootseed translations", "Terms with Lutuv translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Maricopa translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Moksha translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Nivkh translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old Czech translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Phoenician translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Southern Sami translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tabasaran translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarifit translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Tok Pisin translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Udi translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Waray-Waray translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zealandic translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with Zulu translations", "en:Alcoholic beverages", "en:Body parts"], "derived": [{"word": "spring forward, fall back"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bak"}, "expansion": "Middle English bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bæc"}, "expansion": "Old English bæc", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bak"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baką"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeg-", "t": "to bend"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bak", "t": "back"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bekling", "t": "chair back"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "bah"}, "expansion": "Old High German bah", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Swedish", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "no", "2": "bak"}, "expansion": "Norwegian bak", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Bache", "3": "", "4": "sow adult female hog"}, "expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", "forms": [{"form": "further back", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "furthest back", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "further"}, "expansion": "back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)", "name": "en-adv"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He gave back the money.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I left my mobile phone back at the hotel. I’ll have to go back and get it.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To or in a previous condition or place."], "links": [["previous", "previous"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Someone pushed me in the chest and I fell back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The grandfather clock toppled back and crashed to the ground.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Her arm was bent back at an odd angle.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Wind the film back a few frames.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Don’t forget to put the clocks back by one hour tonight!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This mishap has set the project back considerably.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "These records go back years.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He built a time machine and travelled back to 1800.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Think back to how you felt last year.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Everything was simpler back in the old days.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Towards, into or in the past."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Keep back! It could explode at any moment!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Away from someone or something; at a distance."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Sit all the way back in your chair.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Step back from the curb.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Away from the front or from an edge."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This tree is dying back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Clear back all this vegetation.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Draw back the curtains and let in some light.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Fear held him back.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a manner that impedes."], "links": [["impede", "impede"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "If you hurt me, I’ll hurt you back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The light bounces back off the mirror.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Pat, 34:52 from the start, in Penn Radio:", "text": "I was at Park Safari Africa in Canada on the Canadian border. This was years ago outside of Plattsburgh, New York. And I had a new car at the time, and I was driving through, going through the monkey area. And they said 'beware of the monkeys.' So about ten of them circled my car. And this one special one, like he was the leader of the pack, jumped up on the hood and came right up to the windshield and looked in. So I was like making faces at him. [garbled] 'don't do that!' And believe it or not, he made like a face back. He jumped off the car. He took his fingernails and he peeled all the chrome on both sides of my car off. Picked it up, jumped on the hood, dropped it and left- looked at me and left.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "links": [["reciprocal", "reciprocal"], ["in return", "in return"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We met many years back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I last saw him a day or two back.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1822, John Woods, Two Years' Residence in the Settlement on the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United States, page 138:", "text": "Our road was chiefly through woods, and part of it lay through the Hurricane-track, that is where a strong wind, some years back, opened a passage through the woods for a mile in breadth...", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Earlier, ago."], "links": [["Earlier", "earlier"], ["ago", "ago"]], "raw_glosses": ["(postpositive) Earlier, ago."], "tags": ["postpositional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To a later point in time. See also put back."], "links": [["put back", "put back#English"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bæk/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bæk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-k̚]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-ˀk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-back.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg/En-us-back.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bax]", "tags": ["Scouse"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[bäk]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"rhymes": "-æk"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "et", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ետ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "kire", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "кире"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bh", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "pīchē", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiànghòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "向後 /向后"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "後 /后"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbage"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tagasi"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "takaisin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de retour"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "uḳan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "უკან"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zurück"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "wieder da"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "aftra", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "píso", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "πίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "opísō", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ὀπίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "áps", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ἄψ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "aûtis", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Epic"], "word": "αὖτις"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "वापस"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "pīche", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "vissza"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "til baka"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ar ais"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "a posto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "modori", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "戻り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "moto no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元の"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "motodōri", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元通り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "izen no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "以前の"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retrō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "atpakaļ"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgiž"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgižpēḑõn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ruovttoluotta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "attende"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "berta", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "بېرته"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "z powrotem"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de volta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "înapoi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vspjatʹ", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "вспять"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "punar", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पुनर्"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "назад"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "späť"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "hacia atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de vuelta"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de regreso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tillbaka"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venuka", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "వెనుక"}, {"code": "tpi", "lang": "Tok Pisin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "bek"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "واپس"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indrìo"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lùi lại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lại"}, {"code": "war", "lang": "Waray-Waray", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "yn ôl"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "werom"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "tsurik", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "צוריק"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "artqa", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "артҡа"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atzera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "endarrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hóumiàn de", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "後面的 /后面的"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "vzadu"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dozadu"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "malantaŭe"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poste"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "kauemmas"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poispäin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "pois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "mögé"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "šâta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "شاته"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "wrusta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "وروسته"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "arredro"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venakki", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "వెనక్కి"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tegen"}, {"code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "megbe"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "kiinni"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "estäen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "hilliten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "pidätellen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tillbaka"}], "wikipedia": ["back"], "word": "back"}
back (English adv) back/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Norman translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Requests for translations into Romanian", "Rhymes:English/æk", "Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable", "Terms with Abaga translations", "Terms with Acehnese translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Argobba translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Inari Sami translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Iranun translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kankanaey translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lezgi translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luhya translations", "Terms with Lushootseed translations", "Terms with Lutuv translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Maricopa translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Moksha translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Nivkh translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old Czech translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Phoenician translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Southern Sami translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tabasaran translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarifit translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Tok Pisin translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Udi translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Waray-Waray translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zealandic translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with Zulu translations", "en:Alcoholic beverages", "en:Body parts"], "derived": [{"word": "spring forward, fall back"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bak"}, "expansion": "Middle English bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bæc"}, "expansion": "Old English bæc", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bak"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baką"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeg-", "t": "to bend"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bak", "t": "back"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bekling", "t": "chair back"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "bah"}, "expansion": "Old High German bah", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Swedish", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "no", "2": "bak"}, "expansion": "Norwegian bak", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Bache", "3": "", "4": "sow adult female hog"}, "expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", "forms": [{"form": "further back", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "furthest back", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "further"}, "expansion": "back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)", "name": "en-adv"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He gave back the money.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I left my mobile phone back at the hotel. I’ll have to go back and get it.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To or in a previous condition or place."], "links": [["previous", "previous"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Someone pushed me in the chest and I fell back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The grandfather clock toppled back and crashed to the ground.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Her arm was bent back at an odd angle.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Wind the film back a few frames.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Don’t forget to put the clocks back by one hour tonight!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This mishap has set the project back considerably.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "These records go back years.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He built a time machine and travelled back to 1800.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Think back to how you felt last year.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Everything was simpler back in the old days.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Towards, into or in the past."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Keep back! It could explode at any moment!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Away from someone or something; at a distance."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Sit all the way back in your chair.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Step back from the curb.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Away from the front or from an edge."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This tree is dying back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Clear back all this vegetation.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Draw back the curtains and let in some light.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Fear held him back.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a manner that impedes."], "links": [["impede", "impede"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "If you hurt me, I’ll hurt you back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The light bounces back off the mirror.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Pat, 34:52 from the start, in Penn Radio:", "text": "I was at Park Safari Africa in Canada on the Canadian border. This was years ago outside of Plattsburgh, New York. And I had a new car at the time, and I was driving through, going through the monkey area. And they said 'beware of the monkeys.' So about ten of them circled my car. And this one special one, like he was the leader of the pack, jumped up on the hood and came right up to the windshield and looked in. So I was like making faces at him. [garbled] 'don't do that!' And believe it or not, he made like a face back. He jumped off the car. He took his fingernails and he peeled all the chrome on both sides of my car off. Picked it up, jumped on the hood, dropped it and left- looked at me and left.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "links": [["reciprocal", "reciprocal"], ["in return", "in return"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We met many years back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I last saw him a day or two back.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1822, John Woods, Two Years' Residence in the Settlement on the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United States, page 138:", "text": "Our road was chiefly through woods, and part of it lay through the Hurricane-track, that is where a strong wind, some years back, opened a passage through the woods for a mile in breadth...", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Earlier, ago."], "links": [["Earlier", "earlier"], ["ago", "ago"]], "raw_glosses": ["(postpositive) Earlier, ago."], "tags": ["postpositional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To a later point in time. See also put back."], "links": [["put back", "put back#English"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bæk/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bæk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-k̚]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-ˀk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-back.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg/En-us-back.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bax]", "tags": ["Scouse"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[bäk]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"rhymes": "-æk"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "et", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ետ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "kire", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "кире"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bh", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "pīchē", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiànghòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "向後 /向后"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "後 /后"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbage"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tagasi"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "takaisin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de retour"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "uḳan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "უკან"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zurück"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "wieder da"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "aftra", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "píso", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "πίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "opísō", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ὀπίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "áps", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ἄψ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "aûtis", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Epic"], "word": "αὖτις"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "वापस"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "pīche", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "vissza"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "til baka"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ar ais"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "a posto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "modori", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "戻り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "moto no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元の"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "motodōri", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元通り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "izen no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "以前の"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retrō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "atpakaļ"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgiž"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgižpēḑõn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ruovttoluotta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "attende"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "berta", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "بېرته"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "z powrotem"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de volta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "înapoi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vspjatʹ", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "вспять"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "punar", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पुनर्"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "назад"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "späť"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "hacia atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de vuelta"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de regreso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tillbaka"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venuka", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "వెనుక"}, {"code": "tpi", "lang": "Tok Pisin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "bek"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "واپس"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indrìo"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lùi lại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lại"}, {"code": "war", "lang": "Waray-Waray", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "yn ôl"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "werom"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "tsurik", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "צוריק"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "artqa", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "артҡа"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atzera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "endarrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hóumiàn de", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "後面的 /后面的"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "vzadu"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dozadu"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "malantaŭe"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poste"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "kauemmas"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poispäin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "pois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "mögé"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "šâta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "شاته"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "wrusta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "وروسته"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "arredro"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venakki", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "వెనక్కి"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tegen"}, {"code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "megbe"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "kiinni"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "estäen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "hilliten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "pidätellen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tillbaka"}], "wikipedia": ["back"], "word": "back"}
back (English adv) back/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Norman translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Requests for translations into Romanian", "Rhymes:English/æk", "Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable", "Terms with Abaga translations", "Terms with Acehnese translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Argobba translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Inari Sami translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Iranun translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kankanaey translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lezgi translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luhya translations", "Terms with Lushootseed translations", "Terms with Lutuv translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Maricopa translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Moksha translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Nivkh translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old Czech translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Phoenician translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Southern Sami translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tabasaran translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarifit translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Tok Pisin translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Udi translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Waray-Waray translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zealandic translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with Zulu translations", "en:Alcoholic beverages", "en:Body parts"], "derived": [{"word": "spring forward, fall back"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bak"}, "expansion": "Middle English bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bæc"}, "expansion": "Old English bæc", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bak"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baką"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeg-", "t": "to bend"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bak", "t": "back"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bekling", "t": "chair back"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "bah"}, "expansion": "Old High German bah", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Swedish", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "no", "2": "bak"}, "expansion": "Norwegian bak", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Bache", "3": "", "4": "sow adult female hog"}, "expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", "forms": [{"form": "further back", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "furthest back", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "further"}, "expansion": "back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)", "name": "en-adv"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He gave back the money.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I left my mobile phone back at the hotel. I’ll have to go back and get it.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To or in a previous condition or place."], "links": [["previous", "previous"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Someone pushed me in the chest and I fell back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The grandfather clock toppled back and crashed to the ground.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Her arm was bent back at an odd angle.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Wind the film back a few frames.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Don’t forget to put the clocks back by one hour tonight!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This mishap has set the project back considerably.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "These records go back years.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He built a time machine and travelled back to 1800.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Think back to how you felt last year.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Everything was simpler back in the old days.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Towards, into or in the past."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Keep back! It could explode at any moment!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Away from someone or something; at a distance."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Sit all the way back in your chair.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Step back from the curb.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Away from the front or from an edge."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This tree is dying back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Clear back all this vegetation.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Draw back the curtains and let in some light.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Fear held him back.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a manner that impedes."], "links": [["impede", "impede"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "If you hurt me, I’ll hurt you back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The light bounces back off the mirror.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Pat, 34:52 from the start, in Penn Radio:", "text": "I was at Park Safari Africa in Canada on the Canadian border. This was years ago outside of Plattsburgh, New York. And I had a new car at the time, and I was driving through, going through the monkey area. And they said 'beware of the monkeys.' So about ten of them circled my car. And this one special one, like he was the leader of the pack, jumped up on the hood and came right up to the windshield and looked in. So I was like making faces at him. [garbled] 'don't do that!' And believe it or not, he made like a face back. He jumped off the car. He took his fingernails and he peeled all the chrome on both sides of my car off. Picked it up, jumped on the hood, dropped it and left- looked at me and left.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "links": [["reciprocal", "reciprocal"], ["in return", "in return"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We met many years back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I last saw him a day or two back.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1822, John Woods, Two Years' Residence in the Settlement on the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United States, page 138:", "text": "Our road was chiefly through woods, and part of it lay through the Hurricane-track, that is where a strong wind, some years back, opened a passage through the woods for a mile in breadth...", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Earlier, ago."], "links": [["Earlier", "earlier"], ["ago", "ago"]], "raw_glosses": ["(postpositive) Earlier, ago."], "tags": ["postpositional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To a later point in time. See also put back."], "links": [["put back", "put back#English"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bæk/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bæk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-k̚]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-ˀk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-back.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg/En-us-back.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bax]", "tags": ["Scouse"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[bäk]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"rhymes": "-æk"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "et", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ետ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "kire", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "кире"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bh", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "pīchē", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiànghòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "向後 /向后"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "後 /后"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbage"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tagasi"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "takaisin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de retour"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "uḳan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "უკან"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zurück"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "wieder da"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "aftra", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "píso", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "πίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "opísō", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ὀπίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "áps", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ἄψ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "aûtis", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Epic"], "word": "αὖτις"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "वापस"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "pīche", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "vissza"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "til baka"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ar ais"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "a posto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "modori", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "戻り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "moto no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元の"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "motodōri", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元通り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "izen no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "以前の"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retrō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "atpakaļ"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgiž"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgižpēḑõn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ruovttoluotta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "attende"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "berta", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "بېرته"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "z powrotem"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de volta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "înapoi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vspjatʹ", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "вспять"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "punar", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पुनर्"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "назад"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "späť"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "hacia atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de vuelta"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de regreso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tillbaka"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venuka", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "వెనుక"}, {"code": "tpi", "lang": "Tok Pisin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "bek"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "واپس"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indrìo"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lùi lại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lại"}, {"code": "war", "lang": "Waray-Waray", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "yn ôl"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "werom"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "tsurik", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "צוריק"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "artqa", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "артҡа"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atzera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "endarrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hóumiàn de", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "後面的 /后面的"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "vzadu"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dozadu"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "malantaŭe"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poste"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "kauemmas"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poispäin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "pois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "mögé"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "šâta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "شاته"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "wrusta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "وروسته"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "arredro"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venakki", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "వెనక్కి"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tegen"}, {"code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "megbe"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "kiinni"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "estäen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "hilliten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "pidätellen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tillbaka"}], "wikipedia": ["back"], "word": "back"}
back (English adv) back/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Norman translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Requests for translations into Romanian", "Rhymes:English/æk", "Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable", "Terms with Abaga translations", "Terms with Acehnese translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Argobba translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Inari Sami translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Iranun translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kankanaey translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lezgi translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luhya translations", "Terms with Lushootseed translations", "Terms with Lutuv translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Maricopa translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Moksha translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Nivkh translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old Czech translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Phoenician translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Southern Sami translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tabasaran translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarifit translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Tok Pisin translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Udi translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Waray-Waray translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zealandic translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with Zulu translations", "en:Alcoholic beverages", "en:Body parts"], "derived": [{"word": "spring forward, fall back"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bak"}, "expansion": "Middle English bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bæc"}, "expansion": "Old English bæc", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bak"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baką"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeg-", "t": "to bend"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bak", "t": "back"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bekling", "t": "chair back"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "bah"}, "expansion": "Old High German bah", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Swedish", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "no", "2": "bak"}, "expansion": "Norwegian bak", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Bache", "3": "", "4": "sow adult female hog"}, "expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", "forms": [{"form": "further back", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "furthest back", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "further"}, "expansion": "back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)", "name": "en-adv"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He gave back the money.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I left my mobile phone back at the hotel. I’ll have to go back and get it.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To or in a previous condition or place."], "links": [["previous", "previous"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Someone pushed me in the chest and I fell back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The grandfather clock toppled back and crashed to the ground.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Her arm was bent back at an odd angle.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Wind the film back a few frames.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Don’t forget to put the clocks back by one hour tonight!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This mishap has set the project back considerably.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "These records go back years.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He built a time machine and travelled back to 1800.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Think back to how you felt last year.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Everything was simpler back in the old days.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Towards, into or in the past."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Keep back! It could explode at any moment!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Away from someone or something; at a distance."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Sit all the way back in your chair.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Step back from the curb.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Away from the front or from an edge."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This tree is dying back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Clear back all this vegetation.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Draw back the curtains and let in some light.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Fear held him back.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a manner that impedes."], "links": [["impede", "impede"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "If you hurt me, I’ll hurt you back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The light bounces back off the mirror.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Pat, 34:52 from the start, in Penn Radio:", "text": "I was at Park Safari Africa in Canada on the Canadian border. This was years ago outside of Plattsburgh, New York. And I had a new car at the time, and I was driving through, going through the monkey area. And they said 'beware of the monkeys.' So about ten of them circled my car. And this one special one, like he was the leader of the pack, jumped up on the hood and came right up to the windshield and looked in. So I was like making faces at him. [garbled] 'don't do that!' And believe it or not, he made like a face back. He jumped off the car. He took his fingernails and he peeled all the chrome on both sides of my car off. Picked it up, jumped on the hood, dropped it and left- looked at me and left.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "links": [["reciprocal", "reciprocal"], ["in return", "in return"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We met many years back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I last saw him a day or two back.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1822, John Woods, Two Years' Residence in the Settlement on the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United States, page 138:", "text": "Our road was chiefly through woods, and part of it lay through the Hurricane-track, that is where a strong wind, some years back, opened a passage through the woods for a mile in breadth...", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Earlier, ago."], "links": [["Earlier", "earlier"], ["ago", "ago"]], "raw_glosses": ["(postpositive) Earlier, ago."], "tags": ["postpositional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To a later point in time. See also put back."], "links": [["put back", "put back#English"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bæk/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bæk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-k̚]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-ˀk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-back.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg/En-us-back.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bax]", "tags": ["Scouse"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[bäk]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"rhymes": "-æk"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "et", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ետ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "kire", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "кире"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bh", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "pīchē", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiànghòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "向後 /向后"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "後 /后"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbage"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tagasi"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "takaisin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de retour"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "uḳan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "უკან"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zurück"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "wieder da"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "aftra", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "píso", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "πίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "opísō", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ὀπίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "áps", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ἄψ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "aûtis", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Epic"], "word": "αὖτις"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "वापस"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "pīche", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "vissza"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "til baka"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ar ais"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "a posto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "modori", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "戻り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "moto no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元の"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "motodōri", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元通り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "izen no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "以前の"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retrō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "atpakaļ"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgiž"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgižpēḑõn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ruovttoluotta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "attende"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "berta", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "بېرته"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "z powrotem"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de volta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "înapoi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vspjatʹ", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "вспять"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "punar", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पुनर्"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "назад"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "späť"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "hacia atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de vuelta"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de regreso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tillbaka"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venuka", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "వెనుక"}, {"code": "tpi", "lang": "Tok Pisin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "bek"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "واپس"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indrìo"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lùi lại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lại"}, {"code": "war", "lang": "Waray-Waray", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "yn ôl"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "werom"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "tsurik", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "צוריק"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "artqa", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "артҡа"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atzera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "endarrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hóumiàn de", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "後面的 /后面的"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "vzadu"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dozadu"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "malantaŭe"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poste"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "kauemmas"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poispäin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "pois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "mögé"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "šâta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "شاته"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "wrusta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "وروسته"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "arredro"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venakki", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "వెనక్కి"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tegen"}, {"code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "megbe"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "kiinni"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "estäen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "hilliten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "pidätellen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tillbaka"}], "wikipedia": ["back"], "word": "back"}
back (English adv) back/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Norman translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Requests for translations into Romanian", "Rhymes:English/æk", "Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable", "Terms with Abaga translations", "Terms with Acehnese translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Argobba translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Inari Sami translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Iranun translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kankanaey translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lezgi translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luhya translations", "Terms with Lushootseed translations", "Terms with Lutuv translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Maricopa translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Moksha translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Nivkh translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old Czech translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Phoenician translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Southern Sami translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tabasaran translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarifit translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Tok Pisin translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Udi translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Waray-Waray translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zealandic translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with Zulu translations", "en:Alcoholic beverages", "en:Body parts"], "derived": [{"word": "spring forward, fall back"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bak"}, "expansion": "Middle English bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bæc"}, "expansion": "Old English bæc", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bak"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baką"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeg-", "t": "to bend"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bak", "t": "back"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bekling", "t": "chair back"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "bah"}, "expansion": "Old High German bah", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Swedish", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "no", "2": "bak"}, "expansion": "Norwegian bak", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Bache", "3": "", "4": "sow adult female hog"}, "expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", "forms": [{"form": "further back", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "furthest back", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "further"}, "expansion": "back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)", "name": "en-adv"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He gave back the money.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I left my mobile phone back at the hotel. I’ll have to go back and get it.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To or in a previous condition or place."], "links": [["previous", "previous"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Someone pushed me in the chest and I fell back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The grandfather clock toppled back and crashed to the ground.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Her arm was bent back at an odd angle.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Wind the film back a few frames.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Don’t forget to put the clocks back by one hour tonight!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This mishap has set the project back considerably.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "These records go back years.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He built a time machine and travelled back to 1800.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Think back to how you felt last year.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Everything was simpler back in the old days.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Towards, into or in the past."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Keep back! It could explode at any moment!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Away from someone or something; at a distance."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Sit all the way back in your chair.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Step back from the curb.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Away from the front or from an edge."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This tree is dying back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Clear back all this vegetation.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Draw back the curtains and let in some light.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Fear held him back.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a manner that impedes."], "links": [["impede", "impede"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "If you hurt me, I’ll hurt you back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The light bounces back off the mirror.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Pat, 34:52 from the start, in Penn Radio:", "text": "I was at Park Safari Africa in Canada on the Canadian border. This was years ago outside of Plattsburgh, New York. And I had a new car at the time, and I was driving through, going through the monkey area. And they said 'beware of the monkeys.' So about ten of them circled my car. And this one special one, like he was the leader of the pack, jumped up on the hood and came right up to the windshield and looked in. So I was like making faces at him. [garbled] 'don't do that!' And believe it or not, he made like a face back. He jumped off the car. He took his fingernails and he peeled all the chrome on both sides of my car off. Picked it up, jumped on the hood, dropped it and left- looked at me and left.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "links": [["reciprocal", "reciprocal"], ["in return", "in return"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We met many years back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I last saw him a day or two back.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1822, John Woods, Two Years' Residence in the Settlement on the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United States, page 138:", "text": "Our road was chiefly through woods, and part of it lay through the Hurricane-track, that is where a strong wind, some years back, opened a passage through the woods for a mile in breadth...", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Earlier, ago."], "links": [["Earlier", "earlier"], ["ago", "ago"]], "raw_glosses": ["(postpositive) Earlier, ago."], "tags": ["postpositional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To a later point in time. See also put back."], "links": [["put back", "put back#English"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bæk/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bæk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-k̚]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-ˀk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-back.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg/En-us-back.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bax]", "tags": ["Scouse"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[bäk]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"rhymes": "-æk"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "et", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ետ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "kire", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "кире"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bh", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "pīchē", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiànghòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "向後 /向后"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "後 /后"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbage"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tagasi"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "takaisin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de retour"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "uḳan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "უკან"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zurück"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "wieder da"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "aftra", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "píso", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "πίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "opísō", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ὀπίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "áps", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ἄψ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "aûtis", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Epic"], "word": "αὖτις"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "वापस"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "pīche", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "vissza"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "til baka"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ar ais"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "a posto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "modori", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "戻り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "moto no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元の"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "motodōri", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元通り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "izen no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "以前の"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retrō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "atpakaļ"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgiž"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgižpēḑõn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ruovttoluotta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "attende"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "berta", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "بېرته"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "z powrotem"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de volta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "înapoi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vspjatʹ", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "вспять"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "punar", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पुनर्"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "назад"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "späť"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "hacia atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de vuelta"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de regreso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tillbaka"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venuka", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "వెనుక"}, {"code": "tpi", "lang": "Tok Pisin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "bek"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "واپس"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indrìo"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lùi lại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lại"}, {"code": "war", "lang": "Waray-Waray", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "yn ôl"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "werom"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "tsurik", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "צוריק"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "artqa", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "артҡа"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atzera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "endarrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hóumiàn de", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "後面的 /后面的"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "vzadu"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dozadu"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "malantaŭe"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poste"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "kauemmas"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poispäin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "pois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "mögé"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "šâta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "شاته"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "wrusta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "وروسته"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "arredro"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venakki", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "వెనక్కి"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tegen"}, {"code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "megbe"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "kiinni"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "estäen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "hilliten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "pidätellen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tillbaka"}], "wikipedia": ["back"], "word": "back"}
back (English adv) back/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Norman translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Requests for translations into Romanian", "Rhymes:English/æk", "Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable", "Terms with Abaga translations", "Terms with Acehnese translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Argobba translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Inari Sami translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Iranun translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kankanaey translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lezgi translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luhya translations", "Terms with Lushootseed translations", "Terms with Lutuv translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Maricopa translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Moksha translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Nivkh translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old Czech translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Phoenician translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Southern Sami translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tabasaran translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarifit translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Tok Pisin translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Udi translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Waray-Waray translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zealandic translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with Zulu translations", "en:Alcoholic beverages", "en:Body parts"], "derived": [{"word": "spring forward, fall back"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bak"}, "expansion": "Middle English bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bæc"}, "expansion": "Old English bæc", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bak"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baką"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeg-", "t": "to bend"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bak", "t": "back"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bekling", "t": "chair back"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "bah"}, "expansion": "Old High German bah", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Swedish", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "no", "2": "bak"}, "expansion": "Norwegian bak", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Bache", "3": "", "4": "sow adult female hog"}, "expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", "forms": [{"form": "further back", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "furthest back", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "further"}, "expansion": "back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)", "name": "en-adv"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He gave back the money.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I left my mobile phone back at the hotel. I’ll have to go back and get it.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To or in a previous condition or place."], "links": [["previous", "previous"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Someone pushed me in the chest and I fell back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The grandfather clock toppled back and crashed to the ground.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Her arm was bent back at an odd angle.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Wind the film back a few frames.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Don’t forget to put the clocks back by one hour tonight!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This mishap has set the project back considerably.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "These records go back years.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He built a time machine and travelled back to 1800.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Think back to how you felt last year.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Everything was simpler back in the old days.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Towards, into or in the past."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Keep back! It could explode at any moment!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Away from someone or something; at a distance."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Sit all the way back in your chair.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Step back from the curb.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Away from the front or from an edge."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This tree is dying back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Clear back all this vegetation.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Draw back the curtains and let in some light.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Fear held him back.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a manner that impedes."], "links": [["impede", "impede"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "If you hurt me, I’ll hurt you back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The light bounces back off the mirror.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Pat, 34:52 from the start, in Penn Radio:", "text": "I was at Park Safari Africa in Canada on the Canadian border. This was years ago outside of Plattsburgh, New York. And I had a new car at the time, and I was driving through, going through the monkey area. And they said 'beware of the monkeys.' So about ten of them circled my car. And this one special one, like he was the leader of the pack, jumped up on the hood and came right up to the windshield and looked in. So I was like making faces at him. [garbled] 'don't do that!' And believe it or not, he made like a face back. He jumped off the car. He took his fingernails and he peeled all the chrome on both sides of my car off. Picked it up, jumped on the hood, dropped it and left- looked at me and left.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "links": [["reciprocal", "reciprocal"], ["in return", "in return"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We met many years back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I last saw him a day or two back.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1822, John Woods, Two Years' Residence in the Settlement on the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United States, page 138:", "text": "Our road was chiefly through woods, and part of it lay through the Hurricane-track, that is where a strong wind, some years back, opened a passage through the woods for a mile in breadth...", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Earlier, ago."], "links": [["Earlier", "earlier"], ["ago", "ago"]], "raw_glosses": ["(postpositive) Earlier, ago."], "tags": ["postpositional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To a later point in time. See also put back."], "links": [["put back", "put back#English"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bæk/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bæk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-k̚]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-ˀk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-back.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg/En-us-back.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bax]", "tags": ["Scouse"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[bäk]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"rhymes": "-æk"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "et", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ետ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "kire", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "кире"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bh", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "pīchē", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiànghòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "向後 /向后"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "後 /后"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbage"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tagasi"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "takaisin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de retour"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "uḳan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "უკან"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zurück"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "wieder da"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "aftra", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "píso", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "πίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "opísō", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ὀπίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "áps", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ἄψ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "aûtis", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Epic"], "word": "αὖτις"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "वापस"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "pīche", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "vissza"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "til baka"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ar ais"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "a posto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "modori", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "戻り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "moto no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元の"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "motodōri", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元通り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "izen no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "以前の"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retrō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "atpakaļ"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgiž"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgižpēḑõn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ruovttoluotta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "attende"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "berta", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "بېرته"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "z powrotem"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de volta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "înapoi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vspjatʹ", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "вспять"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "punar", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पुनर्"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "назад"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "späť"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "hacia atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de vuelta"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de regreso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tillbaka"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venuka", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "వెనుక"}, {"code": "tpi", "lang": "Tok Pisin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "bek"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "واپس"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indrìo"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lùi lại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lại"}, {"code": "war", "lang": "Waray-Waray", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "yn ôl"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "werom"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "tsurik", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "צוריק"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "artqa", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "артҡа"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atzera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "endarrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hóumiàn de", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "後面的 /后面的"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "vzadu"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dozadu"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "malantaŭe"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poste"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "kauemmas"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poispäin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "pois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "mögé"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "šâta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "شاته"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "wrusta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "وروسته"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "arredro"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venakki", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "వెనక్కి"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tegen"}, {"code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "megbe"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "kiinni"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "estäen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "hilliten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "pidätellen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tillbaka"}], "wikipedia": ["back"], "word": "back"}
back (English adv) back/English/adv: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 6 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Norman translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Requests for review of Woiwurrung translations", "Requests for translations into Romanian", "Rhymes:English/æk", "Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable", "Terms with Abaga translations", "Terms with Acehnese translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Argobba translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bhojpuri translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chichewa translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Coptic translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hawaiian translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Hunsrik translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Inari Sami translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Iranun translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Ivatan translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kankanaey translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Kashubian translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lezgi translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luhya translations", "Terms with Lushootseed translations", "Terms with Lutuv translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Maricopa translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Moksha translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Nivkh translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old Czech translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Javanese translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Phoenician translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Punjabi translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rohingya translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with Sotho translations", "Terms with Southern Sami translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sundanese translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tabasaran translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Talysh translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarifit translations", "Terms with Tat translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Tok Pisin translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Udi translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Vilamovian translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Waray-Waray translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zealandic translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with Zulu translations", "en:Alcoholic beverages", "en:Body parts"], "derived": [{"word": "spring forward, fall back"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "bak"}, "expansion": "Middle English bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bæc"}, "expansion": "Old English bæc", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*bak"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bak", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*baką"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *baką", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰeg-", "t": "to bend"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "gml", "2": "bak", "t": "back"}, "expansion": "Middle Low German bak (“back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "bekling", "t": "chair back"}, "expansion": "West Frisian bekling (“chair back”)", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "bah"}, "expansion": "Old High German bah", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "-"}, "expansion": "Swedish", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "no", "2": "bak"}, "expansion": "Norwegian bak", "name": "cognate"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Bache", "3": "", "4": "sow adult female hog"}, "expansion": "German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.\nCompare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).", "forms": [{"form": "further back", "tags": ["comparative"]}, {"form": "furthest back", "tags": ["superlative"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "further"}, "expansion": "back (comparative further back, superlative furthest back)", "name": "en-adv"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He gave back the money.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I left my mobile phone back at the hotel. I’ll have to go back and get it.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:", "text": "From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To or in a previous condition or place."], "links": [["previous", "previous"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Someone pushed me in the chest and I fell back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The grandfather clock toppled back and crashed to the ground.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Her arm was bent back at an odd angle.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Wind the film back a few frames.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Don’t forget to put the clocks back by one hour tonight!", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This mishap has set the project back considerably.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a direction opposite to the usual or desired direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "These records go back years.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He built a time machine and travelled back to 1800.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Think back to how you felt last year.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Everything was simpler back in the old days.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Towards, into or in the past."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Keep back! It could explode at any moment!", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Away from someone or something; at a distance."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Sit all the way back in your chair.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Step back from the curb.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 'Twas the house I'd seen the roof of from the beach.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Away from the front or from an edge."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This tree is dying back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Clear back all this vegetation.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Draw back the curtains and let in some light.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["So as to shrink, recede or move aside, or cause to do so."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Fear held him back.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In a manner that impedes."], "links": [["impede", "impede"]]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "If you hurt me, I’ll hurt you back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The light bounces back off the mirror.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2006 May 9, Penn Jillette, Michael Goudeau, quoting Pat, 34:52 from the start, in Penn Radio:", "text": "I was at Park Safari Africa in Canada on the Canadian border. This was years ago outside of Plattsburgh, New York. And I had a new car at the time, and I was driving through, going through the monkey area. And they said 'beware of the monkeys.' So about ten of them circled my car. And this one special one, like he was the leader of the pack, jumped up on the hood and came right up to the windshield and looked in. So I was like making faces at him. [garbled] 'don't do that!' And believe it or not, he made like a face back. He jumped off the car. He took his fingernails and he peeled all the chrome on both sides of my car off. Picked it up, jumped on the hood, dropped it and left- looked at me and left.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "links": [["reciprocal", "reciprocal"], ["in return", "in return"]], "raw_glosses": ["(not comparable) In a reciprocal manner; in return."], "tags": ["not-comparable"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "We met many years back.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I last saw him a day or two back.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1822, John Woods, Two Years' Residence in the Settlement on the English Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United States, page 138:", "text": "Our road was chiefly through woods, and part of it lay through the Hurricane-track, that is where a strong wind, some years back, opened a passage through the woods for a mile in breadth...", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Earlier, ago."], "links": [["Earlier", "earlier"], ["ago", "ago"]], "raw_glosses": ["(postpositive) Earlier, ago."], "tags": ["postpositional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The meeting has been moved back an hour. It was at 3 o’clock; now it's at 4 o’clock.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To a later point in time. See also put back."], "links": [["put back", "put back#English"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/bæk/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bæk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-k̚]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "[-ˀk]", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-us-back.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg/En-us-back.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/En-us-back.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bax]", "tags": ["Scouse"]}, {"ipa": "[bak]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[bäk]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"rhymes": "-æk"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "et", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ետ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "kire", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "кире"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bh", "lang": "Bhojpuri", "roman": "pīchē", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiànghòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "向後 /向后"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hòu", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "後 /后"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbage"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "terug"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tagasi"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "takaisin"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de retour"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "uḳan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "უკან"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "zurück"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "wieder da"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "aftra", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "píso", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "πίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "opísō", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ὀπίσω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "áps", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ἄψ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "aûtis", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Epic"], "word": "αὖτις"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "वापस"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "pīche", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पीछे"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "vissza"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "til baka"}, {"code": "ia", "lang": "Interlingua", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ar ais"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "a posto"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "modori", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "戻り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "moto no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元の"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "motodōri", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "元通り"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "izen no", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "以前の"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "retrō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "atpakaļ"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgiž"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tāgižpēḑõn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "ruovttoluotta"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "attende"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "berta", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "بېرته"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "z powrotem"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de volta"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "înapoi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "obrátno", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "обра́тно"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vspjatʹ", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "вспять"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "punar", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "पुनर्"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "назад"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "späť"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "hacia atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de vuelta"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "de regreso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "tillbaka"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venuka", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "వెనుక"}, {"code": "tpi", "lang": "Tok Pisin", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "bek"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "geri"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "vāpas", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "واپس"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "indrìo"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lùi lại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "lại"}, {"code": "war", "lang": "Waray-Waray", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "balik"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "yn ôl"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "werom"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "tsurik", "sense": "to or in a previous condition or place", "word": "צוריק"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dala"}, {"code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "artqa", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "артҡа"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atzera"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "enrere"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "endarrere"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hóumiàn de", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "後面的 /后面的"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "vzadu"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "dozadu"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "malantaŭe"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poste"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retre"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "kauemmas"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "poispäin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "pois"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "mögé"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "indietro"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "dwiro", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "뒤로"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "retro"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nazad", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "назад"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "šâta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "شاته"}, {"code": "ps", "lang": "Pashto", "roman": "wrusta", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "وروسته"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nazád", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "наза́д"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "atrás"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "arredro"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "venakki", "sense": "away from the front or from an edge", "word": "వెనక్కి"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpět"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "zpátky"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tegen"}, {"code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "megbe"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "kiinni"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "estäen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "hilliten"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "pidätellen"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "siar"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tilbake"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "para trás"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "air ais"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "nazáj"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in a manner that impedes", "word": "tillbaka"}], "wikipedia": ["back"], "word": "back"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.