僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
僕 (Chinese character) 僕/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese pronouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 僕", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min pronouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese pronouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min pronouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese pronouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "coordinate_terms": [{"roman": "bì", "sense": "slave", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "婢"}], "derived": [{"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主僕"}, {"roman": "zhǔpú", "word": "主仆"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "僕人"}, {"roman": "púrén", "word": "仆人"}, {"word": "僕使"}, {"word": "仆使"}, {"word": "僕僕"}, {"word": "仆仆"}, {"word": "僮僕"}, {"word": "僮仆"}, {"word": "僕僮成群"}, {"word": "仆僮成群"}, {"word": "僕僕風塵"}, {"word": "仆仆风尘"}, {"word": "僕吏"}, {"word": "仆吏"}, {"word": "僕固懷恩"}, {"word": "仆固怀恩"}, {"word": "僕夫"}, {"word": "仆夫"}, {"word": "僕姑"}, {"word": "仆姑"}, {"word": "僕婦"}, {"word": "仆妇"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "僕射"}, {"roman": "púyè", "word": "仆射"}, {"word": "僕射姑"}, {"word": "仆射姑"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "僕役"}, {"roman": "púyì", "word": "仆役"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "僕從"}, {"roman": "púcóng", "word": "仆从"}, {"word": "僕憎"}, {"word": "仆憎"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "僕歐"}, {"roman": "pú'ōu", "word": "仆欧"}, {"word": "僕程"}, {"word": "仆程"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公僕"}, {"roman": "gōngpú", "word": "公仆"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太僕"}, {"roman": "tàipú", "word": "太仆"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女僕"}, {"roman": "nǚpú", "word": "女仆"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴僕"}, {"roman": "núpú", "word": "奴仆"}, {"word": "婢僕"}, {"word": "婢仆"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家僕"}, {"roman": "jiāpú", "word": "家仆"}, {"word": "更僕難數"}, {"word": "更仆难数"}, {"word": "狼僕"}, {"word": "狼仆"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童僕"}, {"roman": "tóngpú", "word": "童仆"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老僕"}, {"roman": "lǎopú", "word": "老仆"}, {"word": "金僕姑"}, {"word": "金仆姑"}, {"word": "隸僕"}, {"word": "隶仆"}, {"word": "風塵僕僕"}, {"word": "风尘仆仆"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p", "nocap": "1"}, "expansion": "pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": ",", "name": ","}, {"args": {"1": "*尾"}, "expansion": "尾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*其"}, "expansion": "其", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*人"}, "expansion": "人", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*辛"}, "expansion": "辛", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*丵"}, "expansion": "丵", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*甾"}, "expansion": "甾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "*廾"}, "expansion": "廾", "name": "zh-l"}, {"args": {"1": "菐"}, "expansion": "菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "1", "pron": "OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "菐", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "nocap": "1", "t1": "man"}, "expansion": "phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "བུ", "3": "", "4": "son; boy"}, "expansion": "Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "Coblin, 1986"}, "expansion": "Coblin, 1986", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)"}, "expansion": "Peiros and Starostin (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "ཕྲུག", "3": "", "4": "child"}, "expansion": "Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "In the oracle bone script and the early Western Zhou bronze script, it was a pictogram (象形) of a slave or prisoner, with hands holding a basket (其) to pick up garbage, an instrument of punishment (辛) above the head, and a tail (尾) to represent the slave's low status, akin to animals.\n其 later corrupts into 甾, the hands (廾) move below 辛, and the slave's body (人) moves to become the left component. Later, 辛 corrupts into 丵 (probably by fusing with 甾) and combines with 廾 to give 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ), which functions as a phonetic component.\nIn the current form, it is essentially a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːɡ, *buːɡ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).\nProbably related to Tibetan བུ (bu, “son; boy”) (Coblin, 1986).\nAlternatively, Peiros and Starostin (1996) compare it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “child”).", "forms": [{"form": "仆", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"]}, {"form": "㒒"}, {"form": "䑑"}, {"form": "仆"}, {"form": "𢖃"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "僕", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "僕人", "type": "example"}, {"english": "servant", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "púrén", "text": "仆人", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["servant; slave (often male)"], "links": [["servant", "servant"], ["slave", "slave"], ["male", "male"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese humble terms", "Chinese literary terms", "Chinese men's speech terms"], "glosses": ["I; me; your humble servant"], "links": [["humble", "humble"], ["I", "I"], ["me", "me"], ["servant", "servant"]], "qualifier": "men's speech", "raw_glosses": ["(literary, humble, men's speech) I; me; your humble servant"], "tags": ["humble", "literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses"], "glosses": ["coachman; groom"], "links": [["coachman", "coachman"], ["groom", "groom"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) coachman; groom"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子萬年，景命有僕。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Yea for ten thousand years,\nThe bright appointment is attached to your person.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Jūnzǐ wàn nián, jǐngmìng yǒu pú.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "君子万年，景命有仆。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to attach; to adhere"], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["adhere", "adhere"]], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to attach; to adhere"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "buk⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "bog⁸"}, {"zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄆㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "pʻu²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "pú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pwu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "пу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "pu"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "buhk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "buk⁹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "bug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "buuk⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phuk"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "phu̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁵"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "pug⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "phù"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "pu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "pu²"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "pah⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "peh⁵"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "pŭ"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "bŭk"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "borh⁷"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "pok"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "po̍k"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁸boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "boh^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵boq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "pu⁶"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "buwk"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "bowk"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[b]ˤok/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*buːɡ/"}, {"other": "/ phu̍k /"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʊk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pɵk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰuk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰaʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/puʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɒʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚¹²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pɔk̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/pok̚⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/boʔ¹²/"}, {"ipa": "/pʰu²⁴/"}, {"other": "[b]"}, {"other": "/*boːɡ/"}, {"other": "/*buːɡ/"}], "word": "僕"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.