Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

dub/English/verb

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dub/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 13 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌb", "Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "en:Musical genres", "en:Recreational drugs"], "derived": [{"word": "dubbable"}, {"word": "dubber"}, {"word": "dub out"}, {"word": "undub"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "dubben"}, "expansion": "Middle English dubben", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "dubbian", "t": "to knight by striking with a sword, dub"}, "expansion": "Old English dubbian (“to knight by striking with a sword, dub”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "adober", "t": "to equip with arms; adorn"}, "expansion": "Old French adober (“to equip with arms; adorn”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "adouber"}, "expansion": "French adouber", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*dubbōn"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dubbōn", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*dub-", "t": "to fit, strike"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dub- (“to fit, strike”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰewbʰ-", "t": "plug, peg, wedge"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“plug, peg, wedge”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "dubba"}, "expansion": "Icelandic dubba", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English dubben, from Old English dubbian (“to knight by striking with a sword, dub”) and Old French adober (“to equip with arms; adorn”) (also 11th century, Modern French adouber, both from Proto-West Germanic *dubbōn, from Proto-Germanic *dub- (“to fit, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“plug, peg, wedge”).\nCognate with Icelandic dubba (dubba til riddara). Compare also drub for an English reflex of the Germanic word.", "forms": [{"form": "dubs", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dubbing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with historical senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 154, column 2:", "text": "You promiſt Knighthood to our forward ſonne, / Vnſheath your ſword, and dub him preſently.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, chapter II, in John Ormsby, transl., The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha […] In Four Vols, volume I, London: Smith, Elder & Co. […], →OCLC, part I, page 114:", "text": "It occurred to him that he had not been dubbed a knight, and that according to the law of chivalry he neither could nor ought to bear arms against any knight; […].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To confer knighthood; the conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with a sword, the accolade."], "links": [["knighthood", "knighthood"], ["accolade", "accolade"]], "qualifier": "now historical or ceremonial", "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, now historical or ceremonial) To confer knighthood; the conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with a sword, the accolade."], "synonyms": [{"word": "knight"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC:", "text": "They tripped along the murky aisles with the rest of the company, visiting the familiar wonders of the cave—wonders dubbed with rather over-descriptive names, such as “The Drawing-Room,” “The Cathedral,” Aladdin’s Palace,” and so on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter V, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:", "text": "As a matter of fact its narrow ornate façade presented not a single quiet space that the eyes might rest on after a tiring attempt to follow and codify the arabesques, foliations, and intricate vermiculations of what some disrespectfully dubbed as “near-aissance.”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:", "text": "Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2023 December 27, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: the way to Weymouth”, in RAIL, number 999, page 52:", "text": "Stephen reigned from 1135-1154, that nasty period of our history dubbed 'The Anarchy', when forces loyal to Stephen contested the throne with those of Henry I's daughter Matilda, who by rights should have been queen. Stephen, her cousin, plonked his own posterior on the throne.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To name, to entitle, to call."], "links": [["name", "name"], ["entitle", "entitle"], ["call", "call"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To name, to entitle, to call."], "synonyms": [{"word": "designate"}, {"word": "name"}, {"word": "denominate"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1733–1737, Alexander Pope, [Imitations of Horace], London: […] R[obert] Dodsley [et al.]:", "text": "A man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To deem."], "links": [["deem", "deem"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To deem."], "synonyms": [{"word": "consider"}, {"word": "think of"}, {"word": "deem"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], (please specify the book number), [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:", "text": "His diadem was dropped down / Dubbed with stones.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn."], "links": [["clothe", "clothe"], ["invest", "invest"], ["ornament", "ornament"], ["adorn", "adorn"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "deck out"}, {"word": "embellish"}, {"word": "decorate"}]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to dub a stick of timber smooth", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To dress with an adze."], "links": [["adze", "adze"]], "raw_glosses": ["(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To dress with an adze."], "topics": ["heading"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1808, Annual Register:", "text": "For dressing or dubbing cloths, either wet or dry, otherwise than by green cards and pickards", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap."], "links": [["cloth", "cloth"], ["teasel", "teasel"], ["nap", "nap"]], "raw_glosses": ["(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap."], "topics": ["heading"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "1852-1866, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures\nWhen the skin is thoroughly cleansed, and while yet in its wet and distended state, the process of stuffing, or dubbing (probably a corruption of daubing), is performed. Both sides of the skin, but chiefly the flesh side, are smeared or daubed with a mixture of cod-oil and tallow"}], "glosses": ["To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of currying it."], "links": [["curry", "curry"]], "raw_glosses": ["(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of currying it."], "topics": ["heading"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1689, James Chetham, The Anglers Vade Mecum:", "text": "if you can dub a Fly of the exact colour of the Natural Fly, Fish at that instant take, it's sufficient", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To dress a fishing fly."], "raw_glosses": ["(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To dress a fishing fly."], "topics": ["heading"]}, {"glosses": ["To prepare (a gamecock) for fighting, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the comb and wattles."], "links": [["gamecock", "gamecock"], ["hackle", "hackle"], ["comb", "comb"], ["wattle", "wattle"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dʌb/"}, {"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/dʊb/", "tags": ["Ireland", "Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌb"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "posveštavam", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "посвещавам"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "pasovat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "tot ridder slaan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "ridderen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "lyödä ritariksi"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "adouber"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "zum Ritter schlagen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "slá til riddara"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "insignire"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "posvjaščátʹ v rýcari", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "посвяща́ть в ры́цари"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "pasovať"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "dubba"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "naričam", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "наричам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "betitelen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "bestempelen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "nimittää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "kutsua"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "reconnaître (en tant que...)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "nennen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "bezeichnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "rufen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "nefna"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "intitolare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "nominare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "chiamare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "denominare"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "apelidar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "datʹ prózvišče/klíčku", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дать про́звище/кли́чку"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okrestítʹ", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окрести́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "narekátʹ", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "нарека́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "apodar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "utnämna"}, {"code": "bo", "english": "ming 'dogs", "lang": "Tibetan", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "མིང་འདོགས"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "mtshan gsol", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "མཚན་གསོལ"}], "wikipedia": ["dub"], "word": "dub"}

dub (English verb) dub/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 13 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌb", "Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "en:Musical genres", "en:Recreational drugs"], "derived": [{"word": "dubbable"}, {"word": "dubber"}, {"word": "dub out"}, {"word": "undub"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "dubben"}, "expansion": "Middle English dubben", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "dubbian", "t": "to knight by striking with a sword, dub"}, "expansion": "Old English dubbian (“to knight by striking with a sword, dub”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "adober", "t": "to equip with arms; adorn"}, "expansion": "Old French adober (“to equip with arms; adorn”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "adouber"}, "expansion": "French adouber", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*dubbōn"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dubbōn", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*dub-", "t": "to fit, strike"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dub- (“to fit, strike”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰewbʰ-", "t": "plug, peg, wedge"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“plug, peg, wedge”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "dubba"}, "expansion": "Icelandic dubba", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English dubben, from Old English dubbian (“to knight by striking with a sword, dub”) and Old French adober (“to equip with arms; adorn”) (also 11th century, Modern French adouber, both from Proto-West Germanic *dubbōn, from Proto-Germanic *dub- (“to fit, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“plug, peg, wedge”).\nCognate with Icelandic dubba (dubba til riddara). Compare also drub for an English reflex of the Germanic word.", "forms": [{"form": "dubs", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dubbing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with historical senses", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 154, column 2:", "text": "You promiſt Knighthood to our forward ſonne, / Vnſheath your ſword, and dub him preſently.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, chapter II, in John Ormsby, transl., The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha […] In Four Vols, volume I, London: Smith, Elder & Co. […], →OCLC, part I, page 114:", "text": "It occurred to him that he had not been dubbed a knight, and that according to the law of chivalry he neither could nor ought to bear arms against any knight; […].", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To confer knighthood; the conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with a sword, the accolade."], "links": [["knighthood", "knighthood"], ["accolade", "accolade"]], "qualifier": "now historical or ceremonial", "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, now historical or ceremonial) To confer knighthood; the conclusion of the ceremony was marked by a tap on the shoulder with a sword, the accolade."], "synonyms": [{"word": "knight"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC:", "text": "They tripped along the murky aisles with the rest of the company, visiting the familiar wonders of the cave—wonders dubbed with rather over-descriptive names, such as “The Drawing-Room,” “The Cathedral,” Aladdin’s Palace,” and so on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter V, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:", "text": "As a matter of fact its narrow ornate façade presented not a single quiet space that the eyes might rest on after a tiring attempt to follow and codify the arabesques, foliations, and intricate vermiculations of what some disrespectfully dubbed as “near-aissance.”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:", "text": "Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2023 December 27, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: the way to Weymouth”, in RAIL, number 999, page 52:", "text": "Stephen reigned from 1135-1154, that nasty period of our history dubbed 'The Anarchy', when forces loyal to Stephen contested the throne with those of Henry I's daughter Matilda, who by rights should have been queen. Stephen, her cousin, plonked his own posterior on the throne.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To name, to entitle, to call."], "links": [["name", "name"], ["entitle", "entitle"], ["call", "call"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To name, to entitle, to call."], "synonyms": [{"word": "designate"}, {"word": "name"}, {"word": "denominate"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1733–1737, Alexander Pope, [Imitations of Horace], London: […] R[obert] Dodsley [et al.]:", "text": "A man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To deem."], "links": [["deem", "deem"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To deem."], "synonyms": [{"word": "consider"}, {"word": "think of"}, {"word": "deem"}], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], (please specify the book number), [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:", "text": "His diadem was dropped down / Dubbed with stones.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn."], "links": [["clothe", "clothe"], ["invest", "invest"], ["ornament", "ornament"], ["adorn", "adorn"]], "synonyms": [{"word": "deck out"}, {"word": "embellish"}, {"word": "decorate"}]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to dub a stick of timber smooth", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To dress with an adze."], "links": [["adze", "adze"]], "raw_glosses": ["(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To dress with an adze."], "topics": ["heading"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1808, Annual Register:", "text": "For dressing or dubbing cloths, either wet or dry, otherwise than by green cards and pickards", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap."], "links": [["cloth", "cloth"], ["teasel", "teasel"], ["nap", "nap"]], "raw_glosses": ["(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To strike cloth with teasels to raise a nap."], "topics": ["heading"]}, {"examples": [{"text": "1852-1866, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures\nWhen the skin is thoroughly cleansed, and while yet in its wet and distended state, the process of stuffing, or dubbing (probably a corruption of daubing), is performed. Both sides of the skin, but chiefly the flesh side, are smeared or daubed with a mixture of cod-oil and tallow"}], "glosses": ["To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of currying it."], "links": [["curry", "curry"]], "raw_glosses": ["(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To rub or dress with grease, as leather in the process of currying it."], "topics": ["heading"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1689, James Chetham, The Anglers Vade Mecum:", "text": "if you can dub a Fly of the exact colour of the Natural Fly, Fish at that instant take, it's sufficient", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To dress a fishing fly."], "raw_glosses": ["(heading) To strike, rub, or dress smooth; to dab.", "To dress a fishing fly."], "topics": ["heading"]}, {"glosses": ["To prepare (a gamecock) for fighting, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the comb and wattles."], "links": [["gamecock", "gamecock"], ["hackle", "hackle"], ["comb", "comb"], ["wattle", "wattle"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dʌb/"}, {"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/dʊb/", "tags": ["Ireland", "Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌb"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "posveštavam", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "посвещавам"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "pasovat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "tot ridder slaan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "ridderen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "lyödä ritariksi"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "adouber"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "zum Ritter schlagen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "slá til riddara"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "insignire"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "posvjaščátʹ v rýcari", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "посвяща́ть в ры́цари"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "pasovať"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to confer knighthood", "word": "dubba"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "naričam", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "наричам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "betitelen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "bestempelen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "nimittää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "kutsua"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "reconnaître (en tant que...)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "nennen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "bezeichnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "rufen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "nefna"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "intitolare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "nominare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "chiamare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "denominare"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "apelidar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "datʹ prózvišče/klíčku", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дать про́звище/кли́чку"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okrestítʹ", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окрести́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "narekátʹ", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "нарека́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "apodar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "utnämna"}, {"code": "bo", "english": "ming 'dogs", "lang": "Tibetan", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "word": "མིང་འདོགས"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "mtshan gsol", "sense": "to name, to entitle, to call", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "མཚན་གསོལ"}], "wikipedia": ["dub"], "word": "dub"}

dub/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English verbs", "Pages with 13 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌb", "Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable", "en:Musical genres", "en:Recreational drugs"], "derived": [{"word": "dub up"}], "etymology_number": 7, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "", "4": "don up", "5": "to open"}, "expansion": "Middle English don up (“to open”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From dup (“to open”), from do + up, from Middle English don up (“to open”).", "forms": [{"form": "dubs", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dubbing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["British English", "English Thieves' Cant", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1828, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, chapter LXXXIII, in Pelham: or The Adventures of a Gentleman, page 402:", "text": "\"Crash the cull—down with him—down with him before he dubs the jigger. Tip him the degan, Fib, fake him through and through; if he pikes we shall all be scragged.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To open or close."], "links": [["open", "open"], ["close", "close"]], "qualifier": "thieves' cant", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) To open or close."], "tags": ["UK", "obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dʌb/"}, {"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/dʊb/", "tags": ["Ireland", "Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌb"}], "wikipedia": ["dub"], "word": "dub"}

dub (English verb) dub/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English verbs", "Pages with 13 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌb", "Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable", "en:Musical genres", "en:Recreational drugs"], "derived": [{"word": "dub up"}], "etymology_number": 7, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "", "4": "don up", "5": "to open"}, "expansion": "Middle English don up (“to open”)", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From dup (“to open”), from do + up, from Middle English don up (“to open”).", "forms": [{"form": "dubs", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dubbing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["British English", "English Thieves' Cant", "English terms with obsolete senses", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1828, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, chapter LXXXIII, in Pelham: or The Adventures of a Gentleman, page 402:", "text": "\"Crash the cull—down with him—down with him before he dubs the jigger. Tip him the degan, Fib, fake him through and through; if he pikes we shall all be scragged.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To open or close."], "links": [["open", "open"], ["close", "close"]], "qualifier": "thieves' cant", "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) To open or close."], "tags": ["UK", "obsolete"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dʌb/"}, {"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/dʊb/", "tags": ["Ireland", "Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌb"}], "wikipedia": ["dub"], "word": "dub"}

dub/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 13 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌb", "Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Jamaican Creole translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Musical genres", "en:Recreational drugs"], "derived": [{"word": "dubbable"}, {"word": "misdub"}, {"word": "overdub"}, {"word": "predub"}, {"word": "redub"}, {"word": "undub"}], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_text": "From a shortening of the word double.", "forms": [{"form": "dubs", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dubbing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [{"word": "ADR"}, {"word": "revoice"}], "senses": [{"glosses": ["To add sound to film or change audio on film."], "links": [["audio", "audio"]]}, {"glosses": ["To make a copy from an original or master audio tape."], "links": [["copy", "copy"], ["original", "original"], ["master", "master"]]}, {"glosses": ["To replace the original soundtrack of a film with a synchronized translation"], "links": [["replace", "replace"], ["soundtrack", "soundtrack"], ["synchronized", "synchronized"], ["translation", "translation"]], "senseid": ["en:translate"]}, {"glosses": ["To mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix."], "links": [["mix", "mix"], ["remix", "remix"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dʌb/"}, {"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/dʊb/", "tags": ["Ireland", "Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌb"}], "translations": [{"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "dubli"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "jälkiäänittää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "dubata"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "dibév", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "דיבב"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "szinkronizál"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "hljóðsetja"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "doppiare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dublírovatʹ", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дубли́ровать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ozvúčivatʹ", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "озву́чивать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ozvúčitʹ", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "озву́чить"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "doblar"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "skad sgyur 'jug byed", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད Literally"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "note": "“to do a translation insertion”", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intasaḵa", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "اِنْتَسَخَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "nasaḵa", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "نَسَخَ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "複製"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fùzhì", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "复制"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "kopioida"}, {"alt": "うつす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "utsusu", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "写す"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kopī-suru", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "コピーする"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dublírovatʹ", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дубли́ровать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kopírovatʹ", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "копи́ровать"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "dablaja", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "دَبْلَجَ"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "dublíravacʹ", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дублі́раваць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dublíram", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "дубли́рам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "doblar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "pèiyīn", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "配音"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dabovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "nadabovat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "nasynchroniseren"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "dubben"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "dubli"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "jälkiäänittää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "dubata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "doubler"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "dobrar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "synchronisieren"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "metaglottízo", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "μεταγλωττίζω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "dibév", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "דיבב"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "szinkronizál"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "hljóðsetja"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["colloquial", "nonstandard"], "word": "döbba"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "doblar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "doppiare"}, {"alt": "ふきかえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "fukikaeru", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "吹き替える"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "bɑɑñcoul-sɑmleeng", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "បញ្ចូលសំឡេង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "deobinghada", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "더빙하다"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "phāk", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "ພາກ"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "menyuara"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "mengalih suara"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dubbingować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zdubbingować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["Portugal"], "word": "dobrar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "dublar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dublírovatʹ", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дубли́ровать"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "sinkronizirati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dabovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "nadabovať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "doblar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "dubba"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "pâak", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "พากย์"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "skad sgyur 'jug byed", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད Literally"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "note": "“to do a translation insertion”", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dubljuváty", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дублюва́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "lồng tiếng"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix", "word": "sämplätä"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix", "word": "miscelare"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix", "word": "remixa"}], "wikipedia": ["dub"], "word": "dub"}

dub (English verb) dub/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English uncountable nouns", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 13 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌb", "Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Jamaican Creole translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Musical genres", "en:Recreational drugs"], "derived": [{"word": "dubbable"}, {"word": "misdub"}, {"word": "overdub"}, {"word": "predub"}, {"word": "redub"}, {"word": "undub"}], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_text": "From a shortening of the word double.", "forms": [{"form": "dubs", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dubbing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [{"word": "ADR"}, {"word": "revoice"}], "senses": [{"glosses": ["To add sound to film or change audio on film."], "links": [["audio", "audio"]]}, {"glosses": ["To make a copy from an original or master audio tape."], "links": [["copy", "copy"], ["original", "original"], ["master", "master"]]}, {"glosses": ["To replace the original soundtrack of a film with a synchronized translation"], "links": [["replace", "replace"], ["soundtrack", "soundtrack"], ["synchronized", "synchronized"], ["translation", "translation"]], "senseid": ["en:translate"]}, {"glosses": ["To mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix."], "links": [["mix", "mix"], ["remix", "remix"]]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dʌb/"}, {"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/dʊb/", "tags": ["Ireland", "Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌb"}], "translations": [{"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "dubli"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "jälkiäänittää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "dubata"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "dibév", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "דיבב"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "szinkronizál"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "hljóðsetja"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "doppiare"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dublírovatʹ", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дубли́ровать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ozvúčivatʹ", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "озву́чивать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ozvúčitʹ", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "озву́чить"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "doblar"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "skad sgyur 'jug byed", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film", "word": "སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད Literally"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "note": "“to do a translation insertion”", "sense": "to add sound to film or change audio on film"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "intasaḵa", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "اِنْتَسَخَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "nasaḵa", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "نَسَخَ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "複製"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fùzhì", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "复制"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "kopioida"}, {"alt": "うつす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "utsusu", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "写す"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kopī-suru", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "word": "コピーする"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dublírovatʹ", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дубли́ровать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kopírovatʹ", "sense": "to make a copy from an original or master audio tape", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "копи́ровать"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "dablaja", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "دَبْلَجَ"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "dublíravacʹ", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дублі́раваць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "dublíram", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "дубли́рам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "doblar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "pèiyīn", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "配音"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dabovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "nadabovat"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "nasynchroniseren"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "dubben"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "dubli"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "jälkiäänittää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "dubata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "doubler"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "dobrar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "synchronisieren"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "metaglottízo", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "μεταγλωττίζω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "dibév", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "דיבב"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "szinkronizál"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "hljóðsetja"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["colloquial", "nonstandard"], "word": "döbba"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "doblar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "doppiare"}, {"alt": "ふきかえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "fukikaeru", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "吹き替える"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "bɑɑñcoul-sɑmleeng", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "បញ្ចូលសំឡេង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "deobinghada", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "더빙하다"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "phāk", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "ພາກ"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "menyuara"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "mengalih suara"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dubbingować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zdubbingować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["Portugal"], "word": "dobrar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "dublar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dublírovatʹ", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дубли́ровать"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "sinkronizirati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dabovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "nadabovať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "doblar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "dubba"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "pâak", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "พากย์"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "skad sgyur 'jug byed", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད Literally"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "note": "“to do a translation insertion”", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dubljuváty", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дублюва́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to replace soundtrack of a film with translation", "word": "lồng tiếng"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix", "word": "sämplätä"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix", "word": "miscelare"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to mix audio tracks to produce a new sound; to remix", "word": "remixa"}], "wikipedia": ["dub"], "word": "dub"}

dub/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English verbs", "Pages with 13 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌb", "Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable", "en:Musical genres", "en:Recreational drugs"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "1505-1515", "forms": [{"form": "dubs", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dubbing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1616–1619 (first performance), John Fletcher, “The Mad Lover”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act I, scene i:", "text": "Now the drum dubb's.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make a noise by brisk drumbeats."], "links": [["brisk", "brisk"], ["drumbeat", "drumbeat"]]}, {"glosses": ["To do something badly."]}, {"categories": ["en:Golf"], "glosses": ["To execute a shot poorly."], "links": [["golf", "golf"]], "raw_glosses": ["(golf) To execute a shot poorly."], "topics": ["golf", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dʌb/"}, {"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/dʊb/", "tags": ["Ireland", "Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌb"}], "wikipedia": ["dub"], "word": "dub"}

dub (English verb) dub/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Northern-England not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English verbs", "Pages with 13 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ʌb", "Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable", "en:Musical genres", "en:Recreational drugs"], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "1505-1515", "forms": [{"form": "dubs", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "dubbing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "dubbed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "dub (third-person singular simple present dubs, present participle dubbing, simple past and past participle dubbed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1616–1619 (first performance), John Fletcher, “The Mad Lover”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act I, scene i:", "text": "Now the drum dubb's.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make a noise by brisk drumbeats."], "links": [["brisk", "brisk"], ["drumbeat", "drumbeat"]]}, {"glosses": ["To do something badly."]}, {"categories": ["en:Golf"], "glosses": ["To execute a shot poorly."], "links": [["golf", "golf"]], "raw_glosses": ["(golf) To execute a shot poorly."], "topics": ["golf", "hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/dʌb/"}, {"audio": "En-au-dub.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg/En-au-dub.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/En-au-dub.ogg"}, {"ipa": "/dʊb/", "tags": ["Ireland", "Northern-England"]}, {"rhymes": "-ʌb"}], "wikipedia": ["dub"], "word": "dub"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.