Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

cousin/English/verb

2: cousin/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-Italic", "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-sōr", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁ésh₂r̥", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ibaloi translations", "Requests for review of Kapampangan translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Biatah Bidayuh translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Dusun translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chinook Jargon translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ibaloi translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ilocano translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Karelian translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kinaray-a translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mirandese translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Seri translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yámana translations", "en:Family members"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "swé"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *swé", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "h₁ésh₂r̥"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₁ésh₂r̥", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*-sōr"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle English cosin", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "coosin, cosen, coseyn, cosigne, cosing, cossen, cossin, cossigne, cossine, cossyn, cossyne, cosyne, cosynne, cousin, cousine, cousyn, cozyn, cusin, cusine, cussyn, cusyn, kosen, kosin, kosyn", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosen"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "cosigne, cosine, cousin", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosin", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosin", "t": "collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousin"}, "expansion": "French cousin", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosine", "t": "collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousine"}, "expansion": "French cousine", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "cōnsōbrīnus", "t": "maternal cousin; first cousin; relation"}, "expansion": "Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "VL.", "3": "*cōsuīnus"}, "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "itc-pro", "3": "*swezrīnos", "pos": "adjective", "t": "of or belonging to a sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "soror", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Latin soror (“sister”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*swésōr", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "feminine"}, "expansion": "feminine", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "verb"}, "expansion": "verb", "name": "glossary"}], "etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English cosin, cosine, cosyn (“blood relative, kinsman or kinswoman; any relative; nephew or niece; first cousin; grandson or granddaughter; descendant; godchild or godparent, or a relative of a godchild or godparent; (figurative) closely related or similar thing”) [and other forms], and then:\n* from Anglo-Norman cosen, cosin [and other forms], Middle French cosin, and Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousin); and\n* from Anglo-Norman cosine, Middle French cosine, and Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousine),\nfrom Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, from *cōsōbīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), possibly from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", "forms": [{"form": "cousins", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "cousining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "cousin (third-person singular simple present cousins, present participle cousining, simple past and past participle cousined)", "name": "en-verb"}], "hyphenation": ["cou‧sin"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1604 (date written), Tho[mas] Dekker, [Thomas Middleton], The Honest Whore. […] (4th quarto), London: […] Nicholas Okes for Robert Basse, […], published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, signature B, verso:", "text": "[N]o, no, let me alone to cozen you rarely.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1857 September, “A Winter in the South”, in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, volume XV, number LXXXVIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, pages 441–442:", "text": "At length she seemed to relent, or changed her tactics, for she looked over his shoulder as he sketched, and Cousined him two or three times as usual.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Fannie E[llsworth] Newberry, “Some of Beth’s Friends”, in The Odd One, Boston, Mass.: A. I. Bradley & Company, →OCLC, page 29:", "text": "Though he called Mrs. Merrit aunt, and cousined all her daughters, he was really no relative whatever. His father dying when he was a small boy, he had been kindly adopted by that father's step-brother, who had married into the Merritt family.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "links": [["address", "address#Verb"], ["cousin", "cousin#English:_relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "tags": ["rare", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English reflexive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1833, G. Herbert Rodwell, The Chimney Piece. A Farce, in One Act. […] (Miller’s Modern Acting Drama, […]; no. 5), London: John Miller, […], →OCLC, scene i, page 2:", "text": "Mrs. M[uddlebrain]. […] Mary, who is this young man? / Mary. That's my cousin, ma'am, just stept in to lend us a helping hand in placing the things. / […] / Shuffle. What the devil did she say about a tall grenadier, and the pantry? Mrs. Shuffle! Mrs. Shuffle! / Mary. Hush! Are you mad? Do you want to tell all the world that we're married, and get me turned away? / Shuffle. No; but the grenadier? / Mary. Came to see the cook; so to prevent all the fat being in the fire, I cousined him, and made him a relation. / Shuffle. Yes; and remember you've cousined me too.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1877 May 28, J[acob] Sam[ue]l Vandersloot, quoting Cyrus Sturdivant, “‘To God be All Praise’”, in The True Path; or, The Murphy Movement and Gospel Temperance. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: William Flint, […], published 1877, →OCLC, page 244:", "text": "[T]he old gentleman took me into the house and introduced me to the family, where I was at once cousined by them all.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 July, Scotigena Oxoniensis [pseudonym], “London. I. The Row and Westminster. Epistle to a Friend.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CXXXVIII, number DCCCXXXVII, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, […], →OCLC, page 135:", "text": "[A] maiden well braced in nerve and muscle, / Far from sensual ease, to be mother of lustiest Britons, / Cousined to Romans in strength and in breadth of masterful Empire.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 September, “The Old Owl of the Sron”, in [John Stuart] Blackie, transl., edited by Alexander Mackenzie, The Celtic Magazine: […], volume X, number CXIX, Inverness, Inverness-shire: A[lexander] & W. Mackenzie, […], →OCLC, page 522:", "text": "O Donald, thou wert the boy, / Steel to the bone, and like thee none! / Cousined wert thou to the great Clan Chattan, / Thou, the nodding cliff's foster son.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1962, John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley in Search of America, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, published March 1968, →OCLC, page 201:", "text": "Let me say in the beginning that even if I wanted to avoid Texas I could not, for I am wived in Texas and mother-in-lawed and uncled and aunted and cousined within an inch of my life.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "links": [["regard", "regard#Verb"], ["person", "person#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "(also reflexive) To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "tags": ["also", "rare", "reflexive", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999, Garrett Stewart, “Modernism and the Flicker Effect”, in Between Film and Screen: Modernism’s Photo Synthesis, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 310:", "text": "In an appendix to The Mechanic Muse, he [Hugh Kenner] finds Victorian symbolist practice serving to release the signifier from centuries of post-Enlightenment confusion about the proper wedding (or at least cousining) of word and thing.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2007, Caperton Tissot, quoting Elise Chapin, “Some Offered Healing, Some Found Healing”, in Willem Tissot, editor, History between the Lines: Women’s Lives and Saranac Lake Customs, Jay, N.Y.: Graphics North, →ISBN, pages 110–111:", "text": "[P]atients would escape into the town for a bit of a fling or \"cousining\" as it was called. \"Cousining\" was a Saranac Lake euphemism that applied to a couple, both of them patients and sometimes already married with a spouse living far away, who spent time together or dated each other.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012, David Roche, Bob McKee, “The Moral Failure of Democracy”, in Democrisis: Democracy Caused the Debt Crisis. Will It Survive It?, [London]: Independent Strategy, →ISBN, pages 12–13:", "text": "The UK has fiscal arithmetic cousined with that of Greece, but is dealing with it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["associate", "associate#Verb"], ["close", "close#Adjective"], ["basis", "basis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836 July, “A Chapter on Cousins”, in Dublin University Magazine, volume VIII, number XLIII, Dublin: William Curry, Jun. and Company; London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., →OCLC, page 28, column 1:", "text": "You know when you get up in the morning that you have a certain quantity of cousining to go through before the day is over, and you make up your mind to it; read a page of Seneca, add a verse to your litany, and commit yourself to Providence, like a wise man and a Christian.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1845 October 20, B. C. True, “Cousining in Autumn”, in Thomas L. Harris, John Tanner, editors, The Gavel: A Monthly Periodical Devoted to Odd Fellowship and General Literature, volume II, number 3, Albany, N.Y.: John Tanner, published November 1845, →OCLC, page 80:", "text": "Who then that has a cousin, has aught to say against cousining? We do indeed often her sneeringly the expression of \"Dutch cousining\" or \"Yankee cousining,\" as if there was something mean in the act of visiting those who are \"next of kin.\" To such as do it, I feel an unconquerable aversion or excessive pity; as they appear censorious or betray a stupidity that cannot feel a consanguine tie beyond their hearth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1887 June, Herminius Cobb, “[The Household.] Mr. Blossom Visits His Relations.”, in The American Magazine: Supplement, volume I (New Series; volume VI overall), number 2, New York, N.Y.: The American Magazine Company, […]; London: The Christian Million Company, →OCLC, page 245, column 1:", "text": "It isn't the thing for a man to be like a stranger to his own flesh and blood. I'm going cousining, Sue, down East, and I'll hunt up my relations.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Gilbert Parker, “As Vain as Absalom”, in The Seats of the Mighty […], Toronto, Ont.: The Copp, Clark Company, published 1896, →OCLC, page 87:", "text": "The pretty wren perches now in the Governor's house—a-cousining, a-cousining.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1959 January 5, “An 80th Wedding Anniversary”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Life, volume 46, number 1, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 78:", "text": "In 1878 they were married in the Mormon Temple in St. George, 300 miles away, and he drove her back home in a hay wagon in eight days. They \"cousined\" (stopped with relatives) all the way.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To visit a cousin or other relation."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["visit", "visit#Verb"], ["relation", "relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To visit a cousin or other relation."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈkʌzn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌz(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌzɪn/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈkʰɐz.n̩]", "note": "US, weak vowel merger"}, {"audio": "En-us-cousin.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg/En-us-cousin.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg"}, {"homophone": "cozen (weak vowel merger)"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌzən"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to address (someone) as “cousin”", "word": "serkutella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person", "word": "pitää serkkuna"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to associate with someone on a close basis", "word": "veljeillä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to visit a cousin or other relation", "word": "käydä serkulla"}], "word": "cousin"}
1: cousin/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-Italic", "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-sōr", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁ésh₂r̥", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ibaloi translations", "Requests for review of Kapampangan translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Biatah Bidayuh translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Dusun translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chinook Jargon translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ibaloi translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ilocano translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Karelian translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kinaray-a translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mirandese translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Seri translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yámana translations", "en:Family members"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "swé"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *swé", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "h₁ésh₂r̥"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₁ésh₂r̥", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*-sōr"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle English cosin", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "coosin, cosen, coseyn, cosigne, cosing, cossen, cossin, cossigne, cossine, cossyn, cossyne, cosyne, cosynne, cousin, cousine, cousyn, cozyn, cusin, cusine, cussyn, cusyn, kosen, kosin, kosyn", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosen"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "cosigne, cosine, cousin", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosin", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosin", "t": "collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousin"}, "expansion": "French cousin", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosine", "t": "collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousine"}, "expansion": "French cousine", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "cōnsōbrīnus", "t": "maternal cousin; first cousin; relation"}, "expansion": "Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "VL.", "3": "*cōsuīnus"}, "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "itc-pro", "3": "*swezrīnos", "pos": "adjective", "t": "of or belonging to a sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "soror", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Latin soror (“sister”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*swésōr", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "feminine"}, "expansion": "feminine", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "verb"}, "expansion": "verb", "name": "glossary"}], "etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English cosin, cosine, cosyn (“blood relative, kinsman or kinswoman; any relative; nephew or niece; first cousin; grandson or granddaughter; descendant; godchild or godparent, or a relative of a godchild or godparent; (figurative) closely related or similar thing”) [and other forms], and then:\n* from Anglo-Norman cosen, cosin [and other forms], Middle French cosin, and Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousin); and\n* from Anglo-Norman cosine, Middle French cosine, and Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousine),\nfrom Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, from *cōsōbīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), possibly from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", "forms": [{"form": "cousins", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "cousining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "cousin (third-person singular simple present cousins, present participle cousining, simple past and past participle cousined)", "name": "en-verb"}], "hyphenation": ["cou‧sin"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1604 (date written), Tho[mas] Dekker, [Thomas Middleton], The Honest Whore. […] (4th quarto), London: […] Nicholas Okes for Robert Basse, […], published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, signature B, verso:", "text": "[N]o, no, let me alone to cozen you rarely.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1857 September, “A Winter in the South”, in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, volume XV, number LXXXVIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, pages 441–442:", "text": "At length she seemed to relent, or changed her tactics, for she looked over his shoulder as he sketched, and Cousined him two or three times as usual.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Fannie E[llsworth] Newberry, “Some of Beth’s Friends”, in The Odd One, Boston, Mass.: A. I. Bradley & Company, →OCLC, page 29:", "text": "Though he called Mrs. Merrit aunt, and cousined all her daughters, he was really no relative whatever. His father dying when he was a small boy, he had been kindly adopted by that father's step-brother, who had married into the Merritt family.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "links": [["address", "address#Verb"], ["cousin", "cousin#English:_relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "tags": ["rare", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English reflexive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1833, G. Herbert Rodwell, The Chimney Piece. A Farce, in One Act. […] (Miller’s Modern Acting Drama, […]; no. 5), London: John Miller, […], →OCLC, scene i, page 2:", "text": "Mrs. M[uddlebrain]. […] Mary, who is this young man? / Mary. That's my cousin, ma'am, just stept in to lend us a helping hand in placing the things. / […] / Shuffle. What the devil did she say about a tall grenadier, and the pantry? Mrs. Shuffle! Mrs. Shuffle! / Mary. Hush! Are you mad? Do you want to tell all the world that we're married, and get me turned away? / Shuffle. No; but the grenadier? / Mary. Came to see the cook; so to prevent all the fat being in the fire, I cousined him, and made him a relation. / Shuffle. Yes; and remember you've cousined me too.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1877 May 28, J[acob] Sam[ue]l Vandersloot, quoting Cyrus Sturdivant, “‘To God be All Praise’”, in The True Path; or, The Murphy Movement and Gospel Temperance. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: William Flint, […], published 1877, →OCLC, page 244:", "text": "[T]he old gentleman took me into the house and introduced me to the family, where I was at once cousined by them all.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 July, Scotigena Oxoniensis [pseudonym], “London. I. The Row and Westminster. Epistle to a Friend.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CXXXVIII, number DCCCXXXVII, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, […], →OCLC, page 135:", "text": "[A] maiden well braced in nerve and muscle, / Far from sensual ease, to be mother of lustiest Britons, / Cousined to Romans in strength and in breadth of masterful Empire.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 September, “The Old Owl of the Sron”, in [John Stuart] Blackie, transl., edited by Alexander Mackenzie, The Celtic Magazine: […], volume X, number CXIX, Inverness, Inverness-shire: A[lexander] & W. Mackenzie, […], →OCLC, page 522:", "text": "O Donald, thou wert the boy, / Steel to the bone, and like thee none! / Cousined wert thou to the great Clan Chattan, / Thou, the nodding cliff's foster son.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1962, John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley in Search of America, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, published March 1968, →OCLC, page 201:", "text": "Let me say in the beginning that even if I wanted to avoid Texas I could not, for I am wived in Texas and mother-in-lawed and uncled and aunted and cousined within an inch of my life.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "links": [["regard", "regard#Verb"], ["person", "person#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "(also reflexive) To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "tags": ["also", "rare", "reflexive", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999, Garrett Stewart, “Modernism and the Flicker Effect”, in Between Film and Screen: Modernism’s Photo Synthesis, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 310:", "text": "In an appendix to The Mechanic Muse, he [Hugh Kenner] finds Victorian symbolist practice serving to release the signifier from centuries of post-Enlightenment confusion about the proper wedding (or at least cousining) of word and thing.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2007, Caperton Tissot, quoting Elise Chapin, “Some Offered Healing, Some Found Healing”, in Willem Tissot, editor, History between the Lines: Women’s Lives and Saranac Lake Customs, Jay, N.Y.: Graphics North, →ISBN, pages 110–111:", "text": "[P]atients would escape into the town for a bit of a fling or \"cousining\" as it was called. \"Cousining\" was a Saranac Lake euphemism that applied to a couple, both of them patients and sometimes already married with a spouse living far away, who spent time together or dated each other.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012, David Roche, Bob McKee, “The Moral Failure of Democracy”, in Democrisis: Democracy Caused the Debt Crisis. Will It Survive It?, [London]: Independent Strategy, →ISBN, pages 12–13:", "text": "The UK has fiscal arithmetic cousined with that of Greece, but is dealing with it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["associate", "associate#Verb"], ["close", "close#Adjective"], ["basis", "basis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836 July, “A Chapter on Cousins”, in Dublin University Magazine, volume VIII, number XLIII, Dublin: William Curry, Jun. and Company; London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., →OCLC, page 28, column 1:", "text": "You know when you get up in the morning that you have a certain quantity of cousining to go through before the day is over, and you make up your mind to it; read a page of Seneca, add a verse to your litany, and commit yourself to Providence, like a wise man and a Christian.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1845 October 20, B. C. True, “Cousining in Autumn”, in Thomas L. Harris, John Tanner, editors, The Gavel: A Monthly Periodical Devoted to Odd Fellowship and General Literature, volume II, number 3, Albany, N.Y.: John Tanner, published November 1845, →OCLC, page 80:", "text": "Who then that has a cousin, has aught to say against cousining? We do indeed often her sneeringly the expression of \"Dutch cousining\" or \"Yankee cousining,\" as if there was something mean in the act of visiting those who are \"next of kin.\" To such as do it, I feel an unconquerable aversion or excessive pity; as they appear censorious or betray a stupidity that cannot feel a consanguine tie beyond their hearth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1887 June, Herminius Cobb, “[The Household.] Mr. Blossom Visits His Relations.”, in The American Magazine: Supplement, volume I (New Series; volume VI overall), number 2, New York, N.Y.: The American Magazine Company, […]; London: The Christian Million Company, →OCLC, page 245, column 1:", "text": "It isn't the thing for a man to be like a stranger to his own flesh and blood. I'm going cousining, Sue, down East, and I'll hunt up my relations.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Gilbert Parker, “As Vain as Absalom”, in The Seats of the Mighty […], Toronto, Ont.: The Copp, Clark Company, published 1896, →OCLC, page 87:", "text": "The pretty wren perches now in the Governor's house—a-cousining, a-cousining.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1959 January 5, “An 80th Wedding Anniversary”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Life, volume 46, number 1, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 78:", "text": "In 1878 they were married in the Mormon Temple in St. George, 300 miles away, and he drove her back home in a hay wagon in eight days. They \"cousined\" (stopped with relatives) all the way.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To visit a cousin or other relation."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["visit", "visit#Verb"], ["relation", "relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To visit a cousin or other relation."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈkʌzn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌz(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌzɪn/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈkʰɐz.n̩]", "note": "US, weak vowel merger"}, {"audio": "En-us-cousin.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg/En-us-cousin.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg"}, {"homophone": "cozen (weak vowel merger)"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌzən"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to address (someone) as “cousin”", "word": "serkutella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person", "word": "pitää serkkuna"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to associate with someone on a close basis", "word": "veljeillä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to visit a cousin or other relation", "word": "käydä serkulla"}], "word": "cousin"}

cousin/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-Italic", "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root -sōr", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word h₁ésh₂r̥", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word swé", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ibaloi translations", "Requests for review of Kapampangan translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Biatah Bidayuh translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Dusun translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chinook Jargon translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ibaloi translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ilocano translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Karelian translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kinaray-a translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mirandese translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Seri translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yámana translations", "en:Family members"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "swé"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n swé", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "h₁ésh₂r̥"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n h₁ésh₂r̥", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "-sōr"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle English cosin", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "coosin, cosen, coseyn, cosigne, cosing, cossen, cossin, cossigne, cossine, cossyn, cossyne, cosyne, cosynne, cousin, cousine, cousyn, cozyn, cusin, cusine, cussyn, cusyn, kosen, kosin, kosyn", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosen"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "cosigne, cosine, cousin", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosin", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosin", "t": "collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousin"}, "expansion": "French cousin", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosine", "t": "collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousine"}, "expansion": "French cousine", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "cōnsōbrīnus", "t": "maternal cousin; first cousin; relation"}, "expansion": "Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "VL.", "3": "cōsuīnus"}, "expansion": "Vulgar Latin cōsuīnus", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "itc-pro", "3": "swezrīnos", "pos": "adjective", "t": "of or belonging to a sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Italic swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "soror", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Latin soror (“sister”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "swésōr", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European swésōr (“sister”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "feminine"}, "expansion": "feminine", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "verb"}, "expansion": "verb", "name": "glossary"}], "etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English cosin, cosine, cosyn (“blood relative, kinsman or kinswoman; any relative; nephew or niece; first cousin; grandson or granddaughter; descendant; godchild or godparent, or a relative of a godchild or godparent; (figurative) closely related or similar thing”) [and other forms], and then:\n* from Anglo-Norman cosen, cosin [and other forms], Middle French cosin, and Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousin); and\n* from Anglo-Norman cosine, Middle French cosine, and Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousine),\nfrom Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin cōsuīnus, from cōsōbīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European swésōr (“sister”), possibly from swé (“self”) + h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", "forms": [{"form": "cousins", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "cousining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "cousin (third-person singular simple present cousins, present participle cousining, simple past and past participle cousined)", "name": "en-verb"}], "hyphenation": ["cou‧sin"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1604 (date written), Tho[mas] Dekker, [Thomas Middleton], The Honest Whore. […] (4th quarto), London: […] Nicholas Okes for Robert Basse, […], published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, signature B, verso:", "text": "[N]o, no, let me alone to cozen you rarely.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1857 September, “A Winter in the South”, in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, volume XV, number LXXXVIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, pages 441–442:", "text": "At length she seemed to relent, or changed her tactics, for she looked over his shoulder as he sketched, and Cousined him two or three times as usual.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Fannie E[llsworth] Newberry, “Some of Beth’s Friends”, in The Odd One, Boston, Mass.: A. I. Bradley & Company, →OCLC, page 29:", "text": "Though he called Mrs. Merrit aunt, and cousined all her daughters, he was really no relative whatever. His father dying when he was a small boy, he had been kindly adopted by that father's step-brother, who had married into the Merritt family.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "links": [["address", "address#Verb"], ["cousin", "cousin#English:_relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "tags": ["rare", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English reflexive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1833, G. Herbert Rodwell, The Chimney Piece. A Farce, in One Act. […] (Miller’s Modern Acting Drama, […]; no. 5), London: John Miller, […], →OCLC, scene i, page 2:", "text": "Mrs. M[uddlebrain]. […] Mary, who is this young man? / Mary. That's my cousin, ma'am, just stept in to lend us a helping hand in placing the things. / […] / Shuffle. What the devil did she say about a tall grenadier, and the pantry? Mrs. Shuffle! Mrs. Shuffle! / Mary. Hush! Are you mad? Do you want to tell all the world that we're married, and get me turned away? / Shuffle. No; but the grenadier? / Mary. Came to see the cook; so to prevent all the fat being in the fire, I cousined him, and made him a relation. / Shuffle. Yes; and remember you've cousined me too.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1877 May 28, J[acob] Sam[ue]l Vandersloot, quoting Cyrus Sturdivant, “‘To God be All Praise’”, in The True Path; or, The Murphy Movement and Gospel Temperance. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: William Flint, […], published 1877, →OCLC, page 244:", "text": "[T]he old gentleman took me into the house and introduced me to the family, where I was at once cousined by them all.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 July, Scotigena Oxoniensis [pseudonym], “London. I. The Row and Westminster. Epistle to a Friend.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CXXXVIII, number DCCCXXXVII, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, […], →OCLC, page 135:", "text": "[A] maiden well braced in nerve and muscle, / Far from sensual ease, to be mother of lustiest Britons, / Cousined to Romans in strength and in breadth of masterful Empire.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 September, “The Old Owl of the Sron”, in [John Stuart] Blackie, transl., edited by Alexander Mackenzie, The Celtic Magazine: […], volume X, number CXIX, Inverness, Inverness-shire: A[lexander] & W. Mackenzie, […], →OCLC, page 522:", "text": "O Donald, thou wert the boy, / Steel to the bone, and like thee none! / Cousined wert thou to the great Clan Chattan, / Thou, the nodding cliff's foster son.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1962, John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley in Search of America, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, published March 1968, →OCLC, page 201:", "text": "Let me say in the beginning that even if I wanted to avoid Texas I could not, for I am wived in Texas and mother-in-lawed and uncled and aunted and cousined within an inch of my life.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "links": [["regard", "regard#Verb"], ["person", "person#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "(also reflexive) To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "tags": ["also", "rare", "reflexive", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999, Garrett Stewart, “Modernism and the Flicker Effect”, in Between Film and Screen: Modernism’s Photo Synthesis, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 310:", "text": "In an appendix to The Mechanic Muse, he [Hugh Kenner] finds Victorian symbolist practice serving to release the signifier from centuries of post-Enlightenment confusion about the proper wedding (or at least cousining) of word and thing.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2007, Caperton Tissot, quoting Elise Chapin, “Some Offered Healing, Some Found Healing”, in Willem Tissot, editor, History between the Lines: Women’s Lives and Saranac Lake Customs, Jay, N.Y.: Graphics North, →ISBN, pages 110–111:", "text": "[P]atients would escape into the town for a bit of a fling or \"cousining\" as it was called. \"Cousining\" was a Saranac Lake euphemism that applied to a couple, both of them patients and sometimes already married with a spouse living far away, who spent time together or dated each other.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012, David Roche, Bob McKee, “The Moral Failure of Democracy”, in Democrisis: Democracy Caused the Debt Crisis. Will It Survive It?, [London]: Independent Strategy, →ISBN, pages 12–13:", "text": "The UK has fiscal arithmetic cousined with that of Greece, but is dealing with it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["associate", "associate#Verb"], ["close", "close#Adjective"], ["basis", "basis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836 July, “A Chapter on Cousins”, in Dublin University Magazine, volume VIII, number XLIII, Dublin: William Curry, Jun. and Company; London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., →OCLC, page 28, column 1:", "text": "You know when you get up in the morning that you have a certain quantity of cousining to go through before the day is over, and you make up your mind to it; read a page of Seneca, add a verse to your litany, and commit yourself to Providence, like a wise man and a Christian.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1845 October 20, B. C. True, “Cousining in Autumn”, in Thomas L. Harris, John Tanner, editors, The Gavel: A Monthly Periodical Devoted to Odd Fellowship and General Literature, volume II, number 3, Albany, N.Y.: John Tanner, published November 1845, →OCLC, page 80:", "text": "Who then that has a cousin, has aught to say against cousining? We do indeed often her sneeringly the expression of \"Dutch cousining\" or \"Yankee cousining,\" as if there was something mean in the act of visiting those who are \"next of kin.\" To such as do it, I feel an unconquerable aversion or excessive pity; as they appear censorious or betray a stupidity that cannot feel a consanguine tie beyond their hearth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1887 June, Herminius Cobb, “[The Household.] Mr. Blossom Visits His Relations.”, in The American Magazine: Supplement, volume I (New Series; volume VI overall), number 2, New York, N.Y.: The American Magazine Company, […]; London: The Christian Million Company, →OCLC, page 245, column 1:", "text": "It isn't the thing for a man to be like a stranger to his own flesh and blood. I'm going cousining, Sue, down East, and I'll hunt up my relations.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Gilbert Parker, “As Vain as Absalom”, in The Seats of the Mighty […], Toronto, Ont.: The Copp, Clark Company, published 1896, →OCLC, page 87:", "text": "The pretty wren perches now in the Governor's house—a-cousining, a-cousining.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1959 January 5, “An 80th Wedding Anniversary”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Life, volume 46, number 1, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 78:", "text": "In 1878 they were married in the Mormon Temple in St. George, 300 miles away, and he drove her back home in a hay wagon in eight days. They \"cousined\" (stopped with relatives) all the way.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To visit a cousin or other relation."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["visit", "visit#Verb"], ["relation", "relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To visit a cousin or other relation."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈkʌzn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌz(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌzɪn/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈkʰɐz.n̩]", "note": "US, weak vowel merger"}, {"audio": "En-us-cousin.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg/En-us-cousin.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg"}, {"homophone": "cozen (weak vowel merger)"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌzən"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to address (someone) as “cousin”", "word": "serkutella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person", "word": "pitää serkkuna"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to associate with someone on a close basis", "word": "veljeillä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to visit a cousin or other relation", "word": "käydä serkulla"}], "word": "cousin"}

cousin (English verb) cousin/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-Italic", "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-sōr", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁ésh₂r̥", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ibaloi translations", "Requests for review of Kapampangan translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Biatah Bidayuh translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Dusun translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chinook Jargon translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ibaloi translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ilocano translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Karelian translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kinaray-a translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mirandese translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Seri translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yámana translations", "en:Family members"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "swé"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *swé", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "h₁ésh₂r̥"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₁ésh₂r̥", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*-sōr"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle English cosin", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "coosin, cosen, coseyn, cosigne, cosing, cossen, cossin, cossigne, cossine, cossyn, cossyne, cosyne, cosynne, cousin, cousine, cousyn, cozyn, cusin, cusine, cussyn, cusyn, kosen, kosin, kosyn", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosen"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "cosigne, cosine, cousin", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosin", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosin", "t": "collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousin"}, "expansion": "French cousin", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosine", "t": "collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousine"}, "expansion": "French cousine", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "cōnsōbrīnus", "t": "maternal cousin; first cousin; relation"}, "expansion": "Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "VL.", "3": "*cōsuīnus"}, "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "itc-pro", "3": "*swezrīnos", "pos": "adjective", "t": "of or belonging to a sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "soror", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Latin soror (“sister”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*swésōr", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "feminine"}, "expansion": "feminine", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "verb"}, "expansion": "verb", "name": "glossary"}], "etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English cosin, cosine, cosyn (“blood relative, kinsman or kinswoman; any relative; nephew or niece; first cousin; grandson or granddaughter; descendant; godchild or godparent, or a relative of a godchild or godparent; (figurative) closely related or similar thing”) [and other forms], and then:\n* from Anglo-Norman cosen, cosin [and other forms], Middle French cosin, and Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousin); and\n* from Anglo-Norman cosine, Middle French cosine, and Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousine),\nfrom Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, from *cōsōbīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), possibly from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", "forms": [{"form": "cousins", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "cousining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "cousin (third-person singular simple present cousins, present participle cousining, simple past and past participle cousined)", "name": "en-verb"}], "hyphenation": ["cou‧sin"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1604 (date written), Tho[mas] Dekker, [Thomas Middleton], The Honest Whore. […] (4th quarto), London: […] Nicholas Okes for Robert Basse, […], published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, signature B, verso:", "text": "[N]o, no, let me alone to cozen you rarely.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1857 September, “A Winter in the South”, in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, volume XV, number LXXXVIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, pages 441–442:", "text": "At length she seemed to relent, or changed her tactics, for she looked over his shoulder as he sketched, and Cousined him two or three times as usual.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Fannie E[llsworth] Newberry, “Some of Beth’s Friends”, in The Odd One, Boston, Mass.: A. I. Bradley & Company, →OCLC, page 29:", "text": "Though he called Mrs. Merrit aunt, and cousined all her daughters, he was really no relative whatever. His father dying when he was a small boy, he had been kindly adopted by that father's step-brother, who had married into the Merritt family.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "links": [["address", "address#Verb"], ["cousin", "cousin#English:_relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "tags": ["rare", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English reflexive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1833, G. Herbert Rodwell, The Chimney Piece. A Farce, in One Act. […] (Miller’s Modern Acting Drama, […]; no. 5), London: John Miller, […], →OCLC, scene i, page 2:", "text": "Mrs. M[uddlebrain]. […] Mary, who is this young man? / Mary. That's my cousin, ma'am, just stept in to lend us a helping hand in placing the things. / […] / Shuffle. What the devil did she say about a tall grenadier, and the pantry? Mrs. Shuffle! Mrs. Shuffle! / Mary. Hush! Are you mad? Do you want to tell all the world that we're married, and get me turned away? / Shuffle. No; but the grenadier? / Mary. Came to see the cook; so to prevent all the fat being in the fire, I cousined him, and made him a relation. / Shuffle. Yes; and remember you've cousined me too.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1877 May 28, J[acob] Sam[ue]l Vandersloot, quoting Cyrus Sturdivant, “‘To God be All Praise’”, in The True Path; or, The Murphy Movement and Gospel Temperance. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: William Flint, […], published 1877, →OCLC, page 244:", "text": "[T]he old gentleman took me into the house and introduced me to the family, where I was at once cousined by them all.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 July, Scotigena Oxoniensis [pseudonym], “London. I. The Row and Westminster. Epistle to a Friend.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CXXXVIII, number DCCCXXXVII, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, […], →OCLC, page 135:", "text": "[A] maiden well braced in nerve and muscle, / Far from sensual ease, to be mother of lustiest Britons, / Cousined to Romans in strength and in breadth of masterful Empire.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 September, “The Old Owl of the Sron”, in [John Stuart] Blackie, transl., edited by Alexander Mackenzie, The Celtic Magazine: […], volume X, number CXIX, Inverness, Inverness-shire: A[lexander] & W. Mackenzie, […], →OCLC, page 522:", "text": "O Donald, thou wert the boy, / Steel to the bone, and like thee none! / Cousined wert thou to the great Clan Chattan, / Thou, the nodding cliff's foster son.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1962, John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley in Search of America, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, published March 1968, →OCLC, page 201:", "text": "Let me say in the beginning that even if I wanted to avoid Texas I could not, for I am wived in Texas and mother-in-lawed and uncled and aunted and cousined within an inch of my life.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "links": [["regard", "regard#Verb"], ["person", "person#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "(also reflexive) To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "tags": ["also", "rare", "reflexive", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999, Garrett Stewart, “Modernism and the Flicker Effect”, in Between Film and Screen: Modernism’s Photo Synthesis, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 310:", "text": "In an appendix to The Mechanic Muse, he [Hugh Kenner] finds Victorian symbolist practice serving to release the signifier from centuries of post-Enlightenment confusion about the proper wedding (or at least cousining) of word and thing.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2007, Caperton Tissot, quoting Elise Chapin, “Some Offered Healing, Some Found Healing”, in Willem Tissot, editor, History between the Lines: Women’s Lives and Saranac Lake Customs, Jay, N.Y.: Graphics North, →ISBN, pages 110–111:", "text": "[P]atients would escape into the town for a bit of a fling or \"cousining\" as it was called. \"Cousining\" was a Saranac Lake euphemism that applied to a couple, both of them patients and sometimes already married with a spouse living far away, who spent time together or dated each other.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012, David Roche, Bob McKee, “The Moral Failure of Democracy”, in Democrisis: Democracy Caused the Debt Crisis. Will It Survive It?, [London]: Independent Strategy, →ISBN, pages 12–13:", "text": "The UK has fiscal arithmetic cousined with that of Greece, but is dealing with it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["associate", "associate#Verb"], ["close", "close#Adjective"], ["basis", "basis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836 July, “A Chapter on Cousins”, in Dublin University Magazine, volume VIII, number XLIII, Dublin: William Curry, Jun. and Company; London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., →OCLC, page 28, column 1:", "text": "You know when you get up in the morning that you have a certain quantity of cousining to go through before the day is over, and you make up your mind to it; read a page of Seneca, add a verse to your litany, and commit yourself to Providence, like a wise man and a Christian.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1845 October 20, B. C. True, “Cousining in Autumn”, in Thomas L. Harris, John Tanner, editors, The Gavel: A Monthly Periodical Devoted to Odd Fellowship and General Literature, volume II, number 3, Albany, N.Y.: John Tanner, published November 1845, →OCLC, page 80:", "text": "Who then that has a cousin, has aught to say against cousining? We do indeed often her sneeringly the expression of \"Dutch cousining\" or \"Yankee cousining,\" as if there was something mean in the act of visiting those who are \"next of kin.\" To such as do it, I feel an unconquerable aversion or excessive pity; as they appear censorious or betray a stupidity that cannot feel a consanguine tie beyond their hearth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1887 June, Herminius Cobb, “[The Household.] Mr. Blossom Visits His Relations.”, in The American Magazine: Supplement, volume I (New Series; volume VI overall), number 2, New York, N.Y.: The American Magazine Company, […]; London: The Christian Million Company, →OCLC, page 245, column 1:", "text": "It isn't the thing for a man to be like a stranger to his own flesh and blood. I'm going cousining, Sue, down East, and I'll hunt up my relations.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Gilbert Parker, “As Vain as Absalom”, in The Seats of the Mighty […], Toronto, Ont.: The Copp, Clark Company, published 1896, →OCLC, page 87:", "text": "The pretty wren perches now in the Governor's house—a-cousining, a-cousining.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1959 January 5, “An 80th Wedding Anniversary”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Life, volume 46, number 1, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 78:", "text": "In 1878 they were married in the Mormon Temple in St. George, 300 miles away, and he drove her back home in a hay wagon in eight days. They \"cousined\" (stopped with relatives) all the way.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To visit a cousin or other relation."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["visit", "visit#Verb"], ["relation", "relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To visit a cousin or other relation."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈkʌzn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌz(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌzɪn/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈkʰɐz.n̩]", "note": "US, weak vowel merger"}, {"audio": "En-us-cousin.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg/En-us-cousin.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg"}, {"homophone": "cozen (weak vowel merger)"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌzən"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to address (someone) as “cousin”", "word": "serkutella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person", "word": "pitää serkkuna"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to associate with someone on a close basis", "word": "veljeillä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to visit a cousin or other relation", "word": "käydä serkulla"}], "word": "cousin"}

cousin/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-Italic", "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root -sōr", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word h₁ésh₂r̥", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word swé", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ibaloi translations", "Requests for review of Kapampangan translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Biatah Bidayuh translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Dusun translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chinook Jargon translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ibaloi translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ilocano translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Karelian translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kinaray-a translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mirandese translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Seri translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yámana translations", "en:Family members"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "swé"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n swé", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "h₁ésh₂r̥"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n h₁ésh₂r̥", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "-sōr"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle English cosin", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "coosin, cosen, coseyn, cosigne, cosing, cossen, cossin, cossigne, cossine, cossyn, cossyne, cosyne, cosynne, cousin, cousine, cousyn, cozyn, cusin, cusine, cussyn, cusyn, kosen, kosin, kosyn", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosen"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "cosigne, cosine, cousin", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosin", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosin", "t": "collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousin"}, "expansion": "French cousin", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosine", "t": "collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousine"}, "expansion": "French cousine", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "cōnsōbrīnus", "t": "maternal cousin; first cousin; relation"}, "expansion": "Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "VL.", "3": "cōsuīnus"}, "expansion": "Vulgar Latin cōsuīnus", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "itc-pro", "3": "swezrīnos", "pos": "adjective", "t": "of or belonging to a sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Italic swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "soror", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Latin soror (“sister”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "swésōr", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European swésōr (“sister”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "feminine"}, "expansion": "feminine", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "verb"}, "expansion": "verb", "name": "glossary"}], "etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English cosin, cosine, cosyn (“blood relative, kinsman or kinswoman; any relative; nephew or niece; first cousin; grandson or granddaughter; descendant; godchild or godparent, or a relative of a godchild or godparent; (figurative) closely related or similar thing”) [and other forms], and then:\n* from Anglo-Norman cosen, cosin [and other forms], Middle French cosin, and Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousin); and\n* from Anglo-Norman cosine, Middle French cosine, and Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousine),\nfrom Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin cōsuīnus, from cōsōbīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European swésōr (“sister”), possibly from swé (“self”) + h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", "forms": [{"form": "cousins", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "cousining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "cousin (third-person singular simple present cousins, present participle cousining, simple past and past participle cousined)", "name": "en-verb"}], "hyphenation": ["cou‧sin"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1604 (date written), Tho[mas] Dekker, [Thomas Middleton], The Honest Whore. […] (4th quarto), London: […] Nicholas Okes for Robert Basse, […], published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, signature B, verso:", "text": "[N]o, no, let me alone to cozen you rarely.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1857 September, “A Winter in the South”, in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, volume XV, number LXXXVIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, pages 441–442:", "text": "At length she seemed to relent, or changed her tactics, for she looked over his shoulder as he sketched, and Cousined him two or three times as usual.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Fannie E[llsworth] Newberry, “Some of Beth’s Friends”, in The Odd One, Boston, Mass.: A. I. Bradley & Company, →OCLC, page 29:", "text": "Though he called Mrs. Merrit aunt, and cousined all her daughters, he was really no relative whatever. His father dying when he was a small boy, he had been kindly adopted by that father's step-brother, who had married into the Merritt family.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "links": [["address", "address#Verb"], ["cousin", "cousin#English:_relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "tags": ["rare", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English reflexive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1833, G. Herbert Rodwell, The Chimney Piece. A Farce, in One Act. […] (Miller’s Modern Acting Drama, […]; no. 5), London: John Miller, […], →OCLC, scene i, page 2:", "text": "Mrs. M[uddlebrain]. […] Mary, who is this young man? / Mary. That's my cousin, ma'am, just stept in to lend us a helping hand in placing the things. / […] / Shuffle. What the devil did she say about a tall grenadier, and the pantry? Mrs. Shuffle! Mrs. Shuffle! / Mary. Hush! Are you mad? Do you want to tell all the world that we're married, and get me turned away? / Shuffle. No; but the grenadier? / Mary. Came to see the cook; so to prevent all the fat being in the fire, I cousined him, and made him a relation. / Shuffle. Yes; and remember you've cousined me too.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1877 May 28, J[acob] Sam[ue]l Vandersloot, quoting Cyrus Sturdivant, “‘To God be All Praise’”, in The True Path; or, The Murphy Movement and Gospel Temperance. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: William Flint, […], published 1877, →OCLC, page 244:", "text": "[T]he old gentleman took me into the house and introduced me to the family, where I was at once cousined by them all.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 July, Scotigena Oxoniensis [pseudonym], “London. I. The Row and Westminster. Epistle to a Friend.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CXXXVIII, number DCCCXXXVII, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, […], →OCLC, page 135:", "text": "[A] maiden well braced in nerve and muscle, / Far from sensual ease, to be mother of lustiest Britons, / Cousined to Romans in strength and in breadth of masterful Empire.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 September, “The Old Owl of the Sron”, in [John Stuart] Blackie, transl., edited by Alexander Mackenzie, The Celtic Magazine: […], volume X, number CXIX, Inverness, Inverness-shire: A[lexander] & W. Mackenzie, […], →OCLC, page 522:", "text": "O Donald, thou wert the boy, / Steel to the bone, and like thee none! / Cousined wert thou to the great Clan Chattan, / Thou, the nodding cliff's foster son.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1962, John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley in Search of America, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, published March 1968, →OCLC, page 201:", "text": "Let me say in the beginning that even if I wanted to avoid Texas I could not, for I am wived in Texas and mother-in-lawed and uncled and aunted and cousined within an inch of my life.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "links": [["regard", "regard#Verb"], ["person", "person#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "(also reflexive) To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "tags": ["also", "rare", "reflexive", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999, Garrett Stewart, “Modernism and the Flicker Effect”, in Between Film and Screen: Modernism’s Photo Synthesis, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 310:", "text": "In an appendix to The Mechanic Muse, he [Hugh Kenner] finds Victorian symbolist practice serving to release the signifier from centuries of post-Enlightenment confusion about the proper wedding (or at least cousining) of word and thing.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2007, Caperton Tissot, quoting Elise Chapin, “Some Offered Healing, Some Found Healing”, in Willem Tissot, editor, History between the Lines: Women’s Lives and Saranac Lake Customs, Jay, N.Y.: Graphics North, →ISBN, pages 110–111:", "text": "[P]atients would escape into the town for a bit of a fling or \"cousining\" as it was called. \"Cousining\" was a Saranac Lake euphemism that applied to a couple, both of them patients and sometimes already married with a spouse living far away, who spent time together or dated each other.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012, David Roche, Bob McKee, “The Moral Failure of Democracy”, in Democrisis: Democracy Caused the Debt Crisis. Will It Survive It?, [London]: Independent Strategy, →ISBN, pages 12–13:", "text": "The UK has fiscal arithmetic cousined with that of Greece, but is dealing with it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["associate", "associate#Verb"], ["close", "close#Adjective"], ["basis", "basis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836 July, “A Chapter on Cousins”, in Dublin University Magazine, volume VIII, number XLIII, Dublin: William Curry, Jun. and Company; London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., →OCLC, page 28, column 1:", "text": "You know when you get up in the morning that you have a certain quantity of cousining to go through before the day is over, and you make up your mind to it; read a page of Seneca, add a verse to your litany, and commit yourself to Providence, like a wise man and a Christian.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1845 October 20, B. C. True, “Cousining in Autumn”, in Thomas L. Harris, John Tanner, editors, The Gavel: A Monthly Periodical Devoted to Odd Fellowship and General Literature, volume II, number 3, Albany, N.Y.: John Tanner, published November 1845, →OCLC, page 80:", "text": "Who then that has a cousin, has aught to say against cousining? We do indeed often her sneeringly the expression of \"Dutch cousining\" or \"Yankee cousining,\" as if there was something mean in the act of visiting those who are \"next of kin.\" To such as do it, I feel an unconquerable aversion or excessive pity; as they appear censorious or betray a stupidity that cannot feel a consanguine tie beyond their hearth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1887 June, Herminius Cobb, “[The Household.] Mr. Blossom Visits His Relations.”, in The American Magazine: Supplement, volume I (New Series; volume VI overall), number 2, New York, N.Y.: The American Magazine Company, […]; London: The Christian Million Company, →OCLC, page 245, column 1:", "text": "It isn't the thing for a man to be like a stranger to his own flesh and blood. I'm going cousining, Sue, down East, and I'll hunt up my relations.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Gilbert Parker, “As Vain as Absalom”, in The Seats of the Mighty […], Toronto, Ont.: The Copp, Clark Company, published 1896, →OCLC, page 87:", "text": "The pretty wren perches now in the Governor's house—a-cousining, a-cousining.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1959 January 5, “An 80th Wedding Anniversary”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Life, volume 46, number 1, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 78:", "text": "In 1878 they were married in the Mormon Temple in St. George, 300 miles away, and he drove her back home in a hay wagon in eight days. They \"cousined\" (stopped with relatives) all the way.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To visit a cousin or other relation."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["visit", "visit#Verb"], ["relation", "relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To visit a cousin or other relation."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈkʌzn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌz(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌzɪn/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈkʰɐz.n̩]", "note": "US, weak vowel merger"}, {"audio": "En-us-cousin.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg/En-us-cousin.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg"}, {"homophone": "cozen (weak vowel merger)"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌzən"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to address (someone) as “cousin”", "word": "serkutella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person", "word": "pitää serkkuna"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to associate with someone on a close basis", "word": "veljeillä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to visit a cousin or other relation", "word": "käydä serkulla"}], "word": "cousin"}

cousin (English verb) cousin/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-Italic", "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-sōr", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁ésh₂r̥", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Ibaloi translations", "Requests for review of Kapampangan translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən", "Rhymes:English/ʌzən/2 syllables", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Biatah Bidayuh translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Dusun translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chinook Jargon translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Ewe translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ibaloi translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Ilocano translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kapampangan translations", "Terms with Karelian translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kinaray-a translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Mingrelian translations", "Terms with Mirandese translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Seri translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Taos translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yámana translations", "en:Family members"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "swé"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *swé", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "h₁ésh₂r̥"}, "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₁ésh₂r̥", "name": "PIE word"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*-sōr"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "noun"}, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle English cosin", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "coosin, cosen, coseyn, cosigne, cosing, cossen, cossin, cossigne, cossine, cossyn, cossyne, cosyne, cosynne, cousin, cousine, cousyn, cozyn, cusin, cusine, cussyn, cusyn, kosen, kosin, kosyn", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosen"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "cosigne, cosine, cousin", "otherforms": "1"}, "expansion": "[and other forms]", "name": "nb..."}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosin"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosin", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosin", "t": "collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousin"}, "expansion": "French cousin", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "cosine"}, "expansion": "Middle French cosine", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "cosine", "t": "collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles"}, "expansion": "Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "cousine"}, "expansion": "French cousine", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "cōnsōbrīnus", "t": "maternal cousin; first cousin; relation"}, "expansion": "Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "VL.", "3": "*cōsuīnus"}, "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "prefix"}, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "itc-pro", "3": "*swezrīnos", "pos": "adjective", "t": "of or belonging to a sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "la", "2": "soror", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Latin soror (“sister”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*swésōr", "t": "sister"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "feminine"}, "expansion": "feminine", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "suffix"}, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "verb"}, "expansion": "verb", "name": "glossary"}], "etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English cosin, cosine, cosyn (“blood relative, kinsman or kinswoman; any relative; nephew or niece; first cousin; grandson or granddaughter; descendant; godchild or godparent, or a relative of a godchild or godparent; (figurative) closely related or similar thing”) [and other forms], and then:\n* from Anglo-Norman cosen, cosin [and other forms], Middle French cosin, and Old French cosin (“collateral male relative more distant than one’s brother; form of address used by a monarch to male monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousin); and\n* from Anglo-Norman cosine, Middle French cosine, and Old French cosine (“collateral female relative more distant than one’s sister; form of address used by a monarch to female monarchs or nobles”) [and other forms] (modern French cousine),\nfrom Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, from *cōsōbīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), possibly from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.", "forms": [{"form": "cousins", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "cousining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "cousined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "cousin (third-person singular simple present cousins, present participle cousining, simple past and past participle cousined)", "name": "en-verb"}], "hyphenation": ["cou‧sin"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1604 (date written), Tho[mas] Dekker, [Thomas Middleton], The Honest Whore. […] (4th quarto), London: […] Nicholas Okes for Robert Basse, […], published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, signature B, verso:", "text": "[N]o, no, let me alone to cozen you rarely.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1857 September, “A Winter in the South”, in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, volume XV, number LXXXVIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, pages 441–442:", "text": "At length she seemed to relent, or changed her tactics, for she looked over his shoulder as he sketched, and Cousined him two or three times as usual.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Fannie E[llsworth] Newberry, “Some of Beth’s Friends”, in The Odd One, Boston, Mass.: A. I. Bradley & Company, →OCLC, page 29:", "text": "Though he called Mrs. Merrit aunt, and cousined all her daughters, he was really no relative whatever. His father dying when he was a small boy, he had been kindly adopted by that father's step-brother, who had married into the Merritt family.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "links": [["address", "address#Verb"], ["cousin", "cousin#English:_relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "To address (someone) as \"cousin\"."], "tags": ["rare", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English reflexive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "1833, G. Herbert Rodwell, The Chimney Piece. A Farce, in One Act. […] (Miller’s Modern Acting Drama, […]; no. 5), London: John Miller, […], →OCLC, scene i, page 2:", "text": "Mrs. M[uddlebrain]. […] Mary, who is this young man? / Mary. That's my cousin, ma'am, just stept in to lend us a helping hand in placing the things. / […] / Shuffle. What the devil did she say about a tall grenadier, and the pantry? Mrs. Shuffle! Mrs. Shuffle! / Mary. Hush! Are you mad? Do you want to tell all the world that we're married, and get me turned away? / Shuffle. No; but the grenadier? / Mary. Came to see the cook; so to prevent all the fat being in the fire, I cousined him, and made him a relation. / Shuffle. Yes; and remember you've cousined me too.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1877 May 28, J[acob] Sam[ue]l Vandersloot, quoting Cyrus Sturdivant, “‘To God be All Praise’”, in The True Path; or, The Murphy Movement and Gospel Temperance. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: William Flint, […], published 1877, →OCLC, page 244:", "text": "[T]he old gentleman took me into the house and introduced me to the family, where I was at once cousined by them all.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 July, Scotigena Oxoniensis [pseudonym], “London. I. The Row and Westminster. Epistle to a Friend.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CXXXVIII, number DCCCXXXVII, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, […], →OCLC, page 135:", "text": "[A] maiden well braced in nerve and muscle, / Far from sensual ease, to be mother of lustiest Britons, / Cousined to Romans in strength and in breadth of masterful Empire.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1885 September, “The Old Owl of the Sron”, in [John Stuart] Blackie, transl., edited by Alexander Mackenzie, The Celtic Magazine: […], volume X, number CXIX, Inverness, Inverness-shire: A[lexander] & W. Mackenzie, […], →OCLC, page 522:", "text": "O Donald, thou wert the boy, / Steel to the bone, and like thee none! / Cousined wert thou to the great Clan Chattan, / Thou, the nodding cliff's foster son.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1962, John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley in Search of America, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, published March 1968, →OCLC, page 201:", "text": "Let me say in the beginning that even if I wanted to avoid Texas I could not, for I am wived in Texas and mother-in-lawed and uncled and aunted and cousined within an inch of my life.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "links": [["regard", "regard#Verb"], ["person", "person#Noun"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, rare)", "(also reflexive) To regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person."], "tags": ["also", "rare", "reflexive", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999, Garrett Stewart, “Modernism and the Flicker Effect”, in Between Film and Screen: Modernism’s Photo Synthesis, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 310:", "text": "In an appendix to The Mechanic Muse, he [Hugh Kenner] finds Victorian symbolist practice serving to release the signifier from centuries of post-Enlightenment confusion about the proper wedding (or at least cousining) of word and thing.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2007, Caperton Tissot, quoting Elise Chapin, “Some Offered Healing, Some Found Healing”, in Willem Tissot, editor, History between the Lines: Women’s Lives and Saranac Lake Customs, Jay, N.Y.: Graphics North, →ISBN, pages 110–111:", "text": "[P]atients would escape into the town for a bit of a fling or \"cousining\" as it was called. \"Cousining\" was a Saranac Lake euphemism that applied to a couple, both of them patients and sometimes already married with a spouse living far away, who spent time together or dated each other.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2012, David Roche, Bob McKee, “The Moral Failure of Democracy”, in Democrisis: Democracy Caused the Debt Crisis. Will It Survive It?, [London]: Independent Strategy, →ISBN, pages 12–13:", "text": "The UK has fiscal arithmetic cousined with that of Greece, but is dealing with it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["associate", "associate#Verb"], ["close", "close#Adjective"], ["basis", "basis"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To associate with someone or something on a close basis."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["American English", "English informal terms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836 July, “A Chapter on Cousins”, in Dublin University Magazine, volume VIII, number XLIII, Dublin: William Curry, Jun. and Company; London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., →OCLC, page 28, column 1:", "text": "You know when you get up in the morning that you have a certain quantity of cousining to go through before the day is over, and you make up your mind to it; read a page of Seneca, add a verse to your litany, and commit yourself to Providence, like a wise man and a Christian.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1845 October 20, B. C. True, “Cousining in Autumn”, in Thomas L. Harris, John Tanner, editors, The Gavel: A Monthly Periodical Devoted to Odd Fellowship and General Literature, volume II, number 3, Albany, N.Y.: John Tanner, published November 1845, →OCLC, page 80:", "text": "Who then that has a cousin, has aught to say against cousining? We do indeed often her sneeringly the expression of \"Dutch cousining\" or \"Yankee cousining,\" as if there was something mean in the act of visiting those who are \"next of kin.\" To such as do it, I feel an unconquerable aversion or excessive pity; as they appear censorious or betray a stupidity that cannot feel a consanguine tie beyond their hearth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1887 June, Herminius Cobb, “[The Household.] Mr. Blossom Visits His Relations.”, in The American Magazine: Supplement, volume I (New Series; volume VI overall), number 2, New York, N.Y.: The American Magazine Company, […]; London: The Christian Million Company, →OCLC, page 245, column 1:", "text": "It isn't the thing for a man to be like a stranger to his own flesh and blood. I'm going cousining, Sue, down East, and I'll hunt up my relations.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Gilbert Parker, “As Vain as Absalom”, in The Seats of the Mighty […], Toronto, Ont.: The Copp, Clark Company, published 1896, →OCLC, page 87:", "text": "The pretty wren perches now in the Governor's house—a-cousining, a-cousining.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1959 January 5, “An 80th Wedding Anniversary”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Life, volume 46, number 1, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 78:", "text": "In 1878 they were married in the Mormon Temple in St. George, 300 miles away, and he drove her back home in a hay wagon in eight days. They \"cousined\" (stopped with relatives) all the way.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To visit a cousin or other relation."], "links": [["regional", "regional#English"], ["visit", "visit#Verb"], ["relation", "relation"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, chiefly US, informal or regional)", "To visit a cousin or other relation."], "tags": ["US", "informal", "intransitive", "regional"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/ˈkʌzn̩/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌz(ə)n/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/ˈkʌzɪn/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "[ˈkʰɐz.n̩]", "note": "US, weak vowel merger"}, {"audio": "En-us-cousin.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg/En-us-cousin.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-cousin.ogg"}, {"homophone": "cozen (weak vowel merger)"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌzən"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to address (someone) as “cousin”", "word": "serkutella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person", "word": "pitää serkkuna"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to associate with someone on a close basis", "word": "veljeillä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to visit a cousin or other relation", "word": "käydä serkulla"}], "word": "cousin"}

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