Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

侯/Chinese/character

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5: 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}
5: 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["Only used in 閩侯／闽侯 (Mǐnhòu)."], "links": [["閩侯", "閩侯#Chinese"], ["闽侯", "闽侯#Chinese"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "âu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hō͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hao⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "how"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hauh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁶"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "âu"}, {"ipa": "/ɑu²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hōo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ho"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"ipa": "/hau¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"other": "/ hō͘ /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɑu²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hau¹¹/"}], "word": "侯"}
2: 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}
1: 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}
1: 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}
1: 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["Only used in 閩侯／闽侯 (Mǐnhòu)."], "links": [["閩侯", "閩侯#Chinese"], ["闽侯", "闽侯#Chinese"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "âu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hō͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hao⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "how"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hauh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁶"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "âu"}, {"ipa": "/ɑu²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hōo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ho"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"ipa": "/hau¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"other": "/ hō͘ /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɑu²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hau¹¹/"}], "word": "侯"}
1: 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC koːn, koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC koːn, koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯 (Chinese character) 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC koːn, koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC koːn, koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["Only used in 閩侯／闽侯 (Mǐnhòu)."], "links": [["閩侯", "閩侯#Chinese"], ["闽侯", "闽侯#Chinese"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "âu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hō͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hao⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "how"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hauh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁶"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "âu"}, {"ipa": "/ɑu²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hōo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ho"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"ipa": "/hau¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"other": "/ hō͘ /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɑu²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hau¹¹/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC koːn, koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC koːn, koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯 (Chinese character) 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC koːn, koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC koːn, koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯 (Chinese character) 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC koːn, koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC koːn, koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯 (Chinese character) 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC koːn, koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC koːn, koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"glosses": ["Only used in 閩侯／闽侯 (Mǐnhòu)."], "links": [["閩侯", "閩侯#Chinese"], ["闽侯", "闽侯#Chinese"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"zh-pron": "âu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hō͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hao⁷"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hòu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "how"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hauh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁶"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁶"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "âu"}, {"ipa": "/ɑu²⁴²/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hōo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "ho"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hāu"}, {"ipa": "/hau¹¹/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"other": "/ hō͘ /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɑu²⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hau¹¹/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC koːn, koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC ɡoːʔ, ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC koːn, koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

侯 (Chinese character) 侯/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 侯", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三侯之章"}, {"word": "五侯鯖"}, {"word": "五侯鲭"}, {"word": "侯伯"}, {"word": "侯景之亂"}, {"word": "侯景之乱"}, {"word": "侯服"}, {"word": "侯服玉食"}, {"word": "侯栗"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯營"}, {"roman": "Hóuyíng", "word": "侯营"}, {"roman": "hóujué", "word": "侯爵"}, {"word": "侯王"}, {"word": "侯生"}, {"word": "侯甸"}, {"word": "侯白"}, {"word": "侯萬戶"}, {"word": "侯万户"}, {"word": "侯門"}, {"word": "侯门"}, {"word": "侯門如海"}, {"word": "侯门如海"}, {"word": "侯馬盟書"}, {"word": "侯马盟书"}, {"roman": "lièhóu", "word": "列侯"}, {"word": "博望侯"}, {"word": "即墨侯"}, {"word": "名號侯"}, {"word": "名号侯"}, {"roman": "jūnhóu", "word": "君侯"}, {"roman": "Xiàhóu", "word": "夏侯"}, {"word": "宜侯夨簋"}, {"word": "富比王侯"}, {"word": "封侯"}, {"word": "封侯拜相"}, {"word": "封侯萬里"}, {"word": "封侯賜爵"}, {"word": "封侯赐爵"}, {"roman": "shèhóu", "word": "射侯"}, {"word": "彭侯"}, {"word": "徹侯"}, {"word": "彻侯"}, {"word": "拜將封侯"}, {"word": "拜将封侯"}, {"word": "拜相封侯"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯羅"}, {"roman": "móhóuluó", "word": "摩侯罗"}, {"word": "故侯"}, {"word": "故侯瓜"}, {"word": "敝屣王侯"}, {"word": "淮陰侯"}, {"word": "淮阴侯"}, {"word": "漢壽亭侯"}, {"word": "汉寿亭侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóu", "word": "王侯"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯將相"}, {"roman": "wánghóujiàngxiàng", "word": "王侯将相"}, {"word": "留侯"}, {"word": "留侯論"}, {"word": "留侯论"}, {"word": "百里侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "萬戶侯"}, {"roman": "wànhùhóu", "word": "万户侯"}, {"word": "萬里侯"}, {"word": "萬里封侯"}, {"word": "粉侯"}, {"word": "縣侯"}, {"word": "县侯"}, {"word": "蔡侯紙"}, {"word": "蔡侯纸"}, {"word": "蕃侯"}, {"word": "褒成侯"}, {"word": "覓封侯"}, {"word": "觅封侯"}, {"word": "談笑封侯"}, {"word": "谈笑封侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "諸侯"}, {"roman": "zhūhóu", "word": "诸侯"}, {"word": "邑侯"}, {"word": "郡侯"}, {"word": "鄉侯"}, {"word": "乡侯"}, {"word": "關內侯"}, {"word": "关内侯"}, {"word": "陽侯"}, {"word": "阳侯"}, {"word": "陽侯之患"}, {"word": "阳侯之患"}, {"word": "隋侯之珠"}, {"word": "隋侯明月"}, {"word": "隨侯之珠"}, {"word": "随侯之珠"}, {"word": "雍齒封侯"}, {"word": "魏文侯"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 0, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "ja", "2": "-", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Japanese:", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "gloss": "marquess"}, "expansion": "侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)", "name": "ja-r"}, {"args": {"1": "ko", "2": "후(侯)", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "t2": "", "t3": "", "t4": ""}, "expansion": "→ Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "hầu", "bor": "1", "t": "marquess", "tr": "侯"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "desc"}, {"args": {"1": "侯", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "5": "", "6": "", "h": "侯", "j2": "", "j2t": "", "j3": "", "j3t": "", "j4": "", "j4t": "", "jdesc": "", "jje2": "", "jje2t": "", "jje3": "", "jje3t": "", "jje4": "", "jje4t": "", "jjedesc": "", "jjet": "", "jt": "marquess", "k2": "", "k2t": "", "k3": "", "k3t": "", "k4": "", "k4t": "", "kdesc": "", "kt": "marquess", "o": "侯", "o2": "", "o2t": "", "o3": "", "o3t": "", "o4": "", "o4t": "", "odesc": "", "ot": "", "s": "侯", "v": "侯", "v2": "", "v2t": "", "v3": "", "v3t": "", "v4": "", "v4t": "", "vdesc": "", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV/code"}, {"args": {"1": "", "2": "こう", "3": "후", "4": "hầu", "jt": "marquess", "kt": "marquess", "vt": "marquess"}, "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)", "name": "CJKV"}], "text": "Sino-Xenic (侯):\n* → Japanese: 侯(こう) (kō, “marquess”)\n* → Korean: 후(侯) (hu, “marquess”)\n* → Vietnamese: hầu (侯, “marquess”)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "mnc", "2": "ᡥᡝᠣ", "bor": "y"}, "expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Manchu: ᡥᡝᠣ (heo)"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler (2007)"}, "expansion": "Schuessler (2007)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "aav"}, "expansion": "Austroasiatic", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "侯"}, "expansion": "侯 (OC *ɡoː)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "2": "គាស់", "3": "", "4": "to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming"}, "expansion": "Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to be raised up, clearly visible", "tr": "kpoḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "km", "t": "to hit (squarely)", "tr": "goḥ"}, "expansion": "Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "后", "2": "(head >) ruler > queen"}, "expansion": "后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Goldin, 2021"}, "expansion": "Goldin, 2021", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "候"}, "expansion": "候 (OC *ɡoːs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "觀"}, "expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Schuessler, 2007"}, "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007", "name": "zh-ref"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.\n;\"target\" > \"prince, marquis\"\n:Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer [script needed] (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer [script needed] (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).\n:When meaning \"target > prince, marquis\", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).\n:Its derivatives, from sense \"target (n.) > to target (v.)\", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning \"to watch\" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense \"to watch\" to be fundamental and \"target; lord, marquis\" to be derivatives..\n;\"to be; to have\"", "forms": [{"form": "矦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𥎦", "raw_tags": ["ancient form"]}, {"form": "𬾗", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}, {"form": "𬾃", "raw_tags": ["historical variant"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "侯", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：祿爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王者之制：禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男，凡五等。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["marquis; lord"], "links": [["marquis", "marquis"], ["lord", "lord"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "終日射侯", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Shooting all day at the target", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Zhōngrì shè hóu", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "终日射侯", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["target"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) target"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with obsolete senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "On the mountains are fine trees, - there are chestnut trees and there are plum trees.", "raw_tags": ["Pre-Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version", "roman": "Shān yǒu jiāhuì, hóu lì hóu méi.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "山有嘉卉、侯栗侯梅。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to be, to have"], "raw_glosses": ["(obsolete) to be, to have"], "tags": ["obsolete"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝賢", "type": "example"}, {"english": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "Hóu Xiàoxián", "text": "侯孝贤", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "hêu²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ě"}, {"zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hô͘"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hou⁵"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gao⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄏㄡˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hóu"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "hour"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "хоу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "xou"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "hàuh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "hau⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "heo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu³"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "heu²"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meinong", "Miaoli", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "hou¹"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ě"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "hèu"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hôo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hoo"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hiô"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "hiooi"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kaau"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "hâu"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "haau"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "hôu"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kâu"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³hheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²gheu"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "gheu^平"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "hou²"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "huw"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*ɡoː/"}, {"other": "/ hiô /"}, {"ipa": "/xoʊ̯³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɐu̯²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu²²/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/heu̯¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/heu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/e²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/hɛu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hɔ¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hio²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kau¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/hau²³/"}, {"ipa": "/hou⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kau⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦɤ²³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɦøy²²³/"}, {"ipa": "/xəu̯¹³/"}, {"other": "[ɡ]"}, {"other": "/*ɡoː/"}], "word": "侯"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.