See ystum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "wily, scheming",
"word": "ystumddrwg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "flexible, pliant",
"word": "ystumgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "distort; meander",
"word": "ystumio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "distorted, misshapen",
"word": "ystumiog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "oxbow lake",
"word": "ystumllyn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "ystum"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh ystum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*tou(x)sman",
"t": "bend, arch, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *tou(x)sman (“bend, arch, curve”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "tuaim",
"3": "",
"4": "tumulus"
},
"expansion": "Irish tuaim (“tumulus”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh ystum, from Proto-Celtic *tou(x)sman (“bend, arch, curve”). Cognate with Irish tuaim (“tumulus”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ystumiau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mf",
"2": "ystumiau"
},
"expansion": "ystum m or f (plural ystumiau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Oystermouth"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gesture, posture, pose"
],
"id": "en-ystum-cy-noun-Vg11FY6Q",
"links": [
[
"gesture",
"gesture"
],
[
"posture",
"posture"
],
[
"pose",
"pose"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "amnaid"
},
{
"word": "arwydd"
},
{
"word": "osgo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"form, shape"
],
"id": "en-ystum-cy-noun-brVzy2zf",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 18 57 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turning, curve, meander"
],
"id": "en-ystum-cy-noun-wsUcLxLc",
"links": [
[
"turning",
"turning"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"meander",
"meander"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "osgo"
},
{
"word": "tro"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grimace"
],
"id": "en-ystum-cy-noun-Jo3EJSRz",
"links": [
[
"grimace",
"grimace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) grimace"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"in-plural",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈəstɨm/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈəstɪm/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ystum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with multiple genders",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "wily, scheming",
"word": "ystumddrwg"
},
{
"english": "flexible, pliant",
"word": "ystumgar"
},
{
"english": "distort; meander",
"word": "ystumio"
},
{
"english": "distorted, misshapen",
"word": "ystumiog"
},
{
"english": "oxbow lake",
"word": "ystumllyn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "ystum"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh ystum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*tou(x)sman",
"t": "bend, arch, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *tou(x)sman (“bend, arch, curve”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "tuaim",
"3": "",
"4": "tumulus"
},
"expansion": "Irish tuaim (“tumulus”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh ystum, from Proto-Celtic *tou(x)sman (“bend, arch, curve”). Cognate with Irish tuaim (“tumulus”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ystumiau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mf",
"2": "ystumiau"
},
"expansion": "ystum m or f (plural ystumiau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Oystermouth"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gesture, posture, pose"
],
"links": [
[
"gesture",
"gesture"
],
[
"posture",
"posture"
],
[
"pose",
"pose"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "amnaid"
},
{
"word": "arwydd"
},
{
"word": "osgo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"form, shape"
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"turning, curve, meander"
],
"links": [
[
"turning",
"turning"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
],
[
"meander",
"meander"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "osgo"
},
{
"word": "tro"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grimace"
],
"links": [
[
"grimace",
"grimace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) grimace"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"in-plural",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈəstɨm/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈəstɪm/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ystum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ystum meaning in Welsh (2.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.