"rhieni" meaning in Welsh

See rhieni in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈr̥jɛni/ [North-Wales], /ˈr̥jeːni/ [South-Wales], /ˈr̥jɛni/ [South-Wales] Forms: rhiant [singulative], no-table-tags [table-tags], rhieni [mutation, mutation-radical], rieni [mutation, mutation-soft]
Etymology: Derived by Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru from rhy- (“before”) + geni (“birth”), possibly continuing a Proto-Celtic stem *ɸro-gany-. Compare Ancient Greek πρόγονος (prógonos, “ancestor”) for an equivalent formation. In the 1990s, Lambert and Schrijver found a possible Gaulish cognate, relating rhieni with Gaulish regenia. They disagreed on the words' shared Proto-Celtic reconstruction, however. Lambert opts for *ɸrogenyā while Schrijver opts for *ɸrogenesa. Both reconstructions face phonological difficulties. Lambert has no explanation for the -i ending in Welsh (final *-yā after a consonant is normally lost in Welsh) while Schrijver assumes a tenuous deletion of weakened -s- in Gaulish (which has many counterexamples). Etymology templates: {{af|cy|rhy|geni|alt1=rhy-|t1=before|t2=birth}} rhy- (“before”) + geni (“birth”), {{m|cel-pro|*ɸro-gany-}} *ɸro-gany-, {{cog|grc|πρόγονος||ancestor}} Ancient Greek πρόγονος (prógonos, “ancestor”), {{cog|cel-gau|regenia}} Gaulish regenia, {{m|cel-pro|*ɸrogenyā}} *ɸrogenyā, {{m|cel-pro|*ɸrogenesa}} *ɸrogenesa Head templates: {{cy-noun|m-p|rhiant}} rhieni m (collective, singulative rhiant) Inflection templates: {{cy-mut}}
  1. parents Tags: collective, masculine
    Sense id: en-rhieni-cy-noun-bOg0E5UJ
  2. forefathers, ancestors Tags: collective, masculine
    Sense id: en-rhieni-cy-noun-ynePxrlg Categories (other): Welsh entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 8 74 18
  3. (figurative) forebears, precursor Tags: collective, figuratively, masculine
    Sense id: en-rhieni-cy-noun-RR1azSft

Download JSON data for rhieni meaning in Welsh (3.0kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "rhy",
        "3": "geni",
        "alt1": "rhy-",
        "t1": "before",
        "t2": "birth"
      },
      "expansion": "rhy- (“before”) + geni (“birth”)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ɸro-gany-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸro-gany-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πρόγονος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ancestor"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πρόγονος (prógonos, “ancestor”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-gau",
        "2": "regenia"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish regenia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ɸrogenyā"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸrogenyā",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ɸrogenesa"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸrogenesa",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived by Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru from rhy- (“before”) + geni (“birth”), possibly continuing a Proto-Celtic stem *ɸro-gany-. Compare Ancient Greek πρόγονος (prógonos, “ancestor”) for an equivalent formation.\nIn the 1990s, Lambert and Schrijver found a possible Gaulish cognate, relating rhieni with Gaulish regenia. They disagreed on the words' shared Proto-Celtic reconstruction, however. Lambert opts for *ɸrogenyā while Schrijver opts for *ɸrogenesa. Both reconstructions face phonological difficulties. Lambert has no explanation for the -i ending in Welsh (final *-yā after a consonant is normally lost in Welsh) while Schrijver assumes a tenuous deletion of weakened -s- in Gaulish (which has many counterexamples).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rhiant",
      "tags": [
        "singulative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rhieni",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rieni",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-soft"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-p",
        "2": "rhiant"
      },
      "expansion": "rhieni m (collective, singulative rhiant)",
      "name": "cy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "parents"
      ],
      "id": "en-rhieni-cy-noun-bOg0E5UJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "parents",
          "parents"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 74 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forefathers, ancestors"
      ],
      "id": "en-rhieni-cy-noun-ynePxrlg",
      "links": [
        [
          "forefathers",
          "forefathers"
        ],
        [
          "ancestors",
          "ancestors"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forebears, precursor"
      ],
      "id": "en-rhieni-cy-noun-RR1azSft",
      "links": [
        [
          "forebears",
          "forebears"
        ],
        [
          "precursor",
          "precursor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) forebears, precursor"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "figuratively",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈr̥jɛni/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈr̥jeːni/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈr̥jɛni/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "rhieni"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Welsh collective nouns",
    "Welsh compound terms",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh masculine nouns",
    "Welsh nouns",
    "Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "rhy",
        "3": "geni",
        "alt1": "rhy-",
        "t1": "before",
        "t2": "birth"
      },
      "expansion": "rhy- (“before”) + geni (“birth”)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ɸro-gany-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸro-gany-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πρόγονος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ancestor"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πρόγονος (prógonos, “ancestor”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-gau",
        "2": "regenia"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish regenia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ɸrogenyā"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸrogenyā",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ɸrogenesa"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸrogenesa",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived by Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru from rhy- (“before”) + geni (“birth”), possibly continuing a Proto-Celtic stem *ɸro-gany-. Compare Ancient Greek πρόγονος (prógonos, “ancestor”) for an equivalent formation.\nIn the 1990s, Lambert and Schrijver found a possible Gaulish cognate, relating rhieni with Gaulish regenia. They disagreed on the words' shared Proto-Celtic reconstruction, however. Lambert opts for *ɸrogenyā while Schrijver opts for *ɸrogenesa. Both reconstructions face phonological difficulties. Lambert has no explanation for the -i ending in Welsh (final *-yā after a consonant is normally lost in Welsh) while Schrijver assumes a tenuous deletion of weakened -s- in Gaulish (which has many counterexamples).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rhiant",
      "tags": [
        "singulative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rhieni",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rieni",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-soft"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-p",
        "2": "rhiant"
      },
      "expansion": "rhieni m (collective, singulative rhiant)",
      "name": "cy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "parents"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "parents",
          "parents"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forefathers, ancestors"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "forefathers",
          "forefathers"
        ],
        [
          "ancestors",
          "ancestors"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "forebears, precursor"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "forebears",
          "forebears"
        ],
        [
          "precursor",
          "precursor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) forebears, precursor"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "figuratively",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈr̥jɛni/",
      "tags": [
        "North-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈr̥jeːni/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈr̥jɛni/",
      "tags": [
        "South-Wales"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "rhieni"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.