See chwyrn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chwyrnu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "to sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to sound”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "huernus",
"t": "ill-tempered, cross"
},
"expansion": "Breton huernus (“ill-tempered, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "to ache, fester"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to ache, fester”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferus",
"nocap": "1",
"t": "wild, fierce"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Latin ferus (“wild, fierce”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Matasovic tentatively links the word to Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to sound”), whence also chwerthin (“to laugh”). Cognate with Breton huernus (“ill-tempered, cross”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chwern",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyrn",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyrned",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyrnach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyrnaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyrn",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach",
"f": "chwern"
},
"expansion": "chwyrn (feminine singular chwern, plural chwyrn, equative chwyrned, comparative chwyrnach, superlative chwyrnaf, not mutable)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 41 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rapid, fast, swift, whirling, lively, vigorous"
],
"id": "en-chwyrn-cy-adj-W-7Z22M8",
"links": [
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"fast",
"fast"
],
[
"swift",
"swift"
],
[
"whirling",
"whirling"
],
[
"lively",
"lively"
],
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-mutable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 41 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fierce, violent, roaring"
],
"id": "en-chwyrn-cy-adj-U7JTFsEC",
"links": [
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"roaring",
"roaring"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-mutable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 41 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 29 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stern, harsh, severe"
],
"id": "en-chwyrn-cy-adj-yTBcWXtw",
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-mutable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χwɨ̞rn/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/χwɪrn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʍɪrn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"word": "chwyrn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh non-mutable terms",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chwyrnu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "to sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to sound”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "huernus",
"t": "ill-tempered, cross"
},
"expansion": "Breton huernus (“ill-tempered, cross”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"t": "to ache, fester"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to ache, fester”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferus",
"nocap": "1",
"t": "wild, fierce"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Latin ferus (“wild, fierce”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Matasovic tentatively links the word to Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to sound”), whence also chwerthin (“to laugh”). Cognate with Breton huernus (“ill-tempered, cross”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chwern",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyrn",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyrned",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyrnach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyrnaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyrn",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach",
"f": "chwern"
},
"expansion": "chwyrn (feminine singular chwern, plural chwyrn, equative chwyrned, comparative chwyrnach, superlative chwyrnaf, not mutable)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rapid, fast, swift, whirling, lively, vigorous"
],
"links": [
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"fast",
"fast"
],
[
"swift",
"swift"
],
[
"whirling",
"whirling"
],
[
"lively",
"lively"
],
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-mutable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fierce, violent, roaring"
],
"links": [
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"roaring",
"roaring"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-mutable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stern, harsh, severe"
],
"links": [
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-mutable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χwɨ̞rn/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/χwɪrn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʍɪrn/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"word": "chwyrn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chwyrn meaning in Welsh (2.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: chwyrn/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"chwyrn"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "chwyrn",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: chwyrn/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"chwyrn"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "chwyrn",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: chwyrn/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"chwyrn"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "chwyrn",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.